AL ARBA'IN

Time represents one of the elements of the narrative structure
on which the novelist text is based, along with personality, event,
and place. However, in this narration, which came to embody a
vivid picture of the injustice, abuse and murder that the visitors of
Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) were subjected to at the time,
as he clearly dominates all the elements structure of the novel;
Therefore, this study came to analyze the structure of time and
to show its dominance over the rest of the other elements in the
narrative structure.

The term forty is used by Shiites for the twentieth day of the
month of Safar of the lunar year, on the occasion of the catastrophe
that occurred in Karbala in Muharram in the year 61 BC, in which
Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his family and loyal
companions were martyred and the women of the House (peace
be upon them) and their children were captured. After forty days
of that great catastrophe, a number of Ahl al-Bayt lovers and a
number of Hashemites, including Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari,
the honorable companion, walked back to the place of the incident,
and the visit to the place later became a Shiite ritual history.
This study aimed to search for the most important studies that
have been conducted in Iranian universities under the title of “Al-
Arbaeen” or related in one of its corners to the subject of “Al-
Arbaeen” in order to reveal the results reached by the research and
studies, which are numbered 44 and found on the website noor
mags.ir only and in the light of the meta-analytical approach where
We show the Iranian academics’ participation in the subject, their selection of appropriate titles and curricula, and the type of subject
they were engaged in. The research is descriptive statistical, and
we have concluded that the ideological and cultural dimension is
more evident in the different titles and curricula in an excellent
proportion to the subject

In this research, we dealt with a simple linear regression in measuring the
effect of the amount of waste collected on the number of visitors participating
in the forty-year visit, and it was concluded that the explanatory power is
significant, meaning that the coefficient of determination is equal to 71.1%,
that the model studied is significant

In this research, the unsupervised regression method using Nadarya-
Watson non-parametric function was utilized for estimation and prediction
of the number of ambulance vehicles for the Arbaeen visit. The data used
in the study were extracted from the annual statistical reports issued by
the Karbala Center for Studies and Research, affiliated with the Holy
Shrine of Imam Hussein, for the years 2017 to 2021. The estimation
and prediction were based on the number of patients transported by
ambulance vehicles during the Arbaeen pilgrimage. Through observing
the predictive estimated values, it was found that there was an increase
in the number of patients transported by ambulance vehicles from 2017
to 2020. Notably, a decrease in the number of patients transported by
ambulance vehicles was observed in the year 2021, indicating a wellorganized
management of the Arbaeen visit. Furthermore, the predictive
values of the number of patients transported by ambulance vehicles and
the number of ambulance vehicles for the years 2022-2023 also showed
a decrease, implying a state of health and medical stability during the
Arbaeen pilgrimage.

In this research, the variance was analyzed for arrivals for
the fortieth visit according to the continents, as data representing
the number of visitors for the fortieth visit to three continents,
namely Asia, Africa and Europe were taken from the annual
statistical bulletin for the year 2021 issued by the Karbala Center
for Research and Studies. Some non-parametric statistical tests
were used for the purpose of analyzing variance, which is a test
The non-parametric median and the non-parametric Croxal-Wales
test After the data was tested and found that it does not have a
normal distribution, it was concluded that there are large numbers
of visitors of the fortieth visit from different countries of the world
and from all continents (Asia, Africa and Europe), which varied
during the fortieth visit between the three continents, and recorded
The continent of Asia has the highest average number of visitors
with a high standard deviation, which indicates the variation in
the number of visitors between the different countries of the Asian
continent.

In this study, data was utilized from the annual statistical bulletin
issued by the Karbala Center for Studies and Research for the year
2021. The dependent variable used was the number of available
hotels during the Arbaeen pilgrimage, while the independent
variable represented the number of visitors (both local and foreign)
for the years 2017 to 2021. The Non-Parametric Epanechnikov
regression was employed to estimate the number of hotels for the
Arbaeen pilgrimage during the years 2017 to 2021 and to predict
them for the years 2022 to 2026, based on the numbers of visitors
(local and foreign) over the five years.
The results indicated a future increase in the number of hotels
that need to be established to accommodate the growing number
of local and foreign visitors during the Arbaeen pilgrimage for the
years 2022 to 2026.

The research dealt with the study of the spatial distribution of the
Husseiniya service processions in the Muthanna Governorate, and
the characteristics related to them and the services they provide to
visitors while passing through the governorate’s areas during the
period of the fortieth visit. The research aims to track the spatial
discrepancy between the administrative units of the study area,
as (12) administrative units distributed between districts and subdistricts
were addressed. : The number of Husseini processions
throughout the governorate amounted to (1996) processions
distributed among the administrative units unequally, as the district
centers occupied the first ranks. Samawa district came first with
(922) with a relative weight of (46.2%), while it was not recorded
Any presence of processions in Busayyah. The discrepancy
appears in the characteristics related to the service processions
as the procession building materials, as most of them are built by
tents, followed by the processions built with bricks and blocks,
and the number of service days in the procession varies, as the
superiority of the category is noted(5-10 days) in addition to the
discrepancy in the number of male and female workers inside the
processions, and the total number of workers in them reached
(29,939) workers out of the total of the studied processions. Most
of the processions cost between 5-10 million.

Tourism is a source of inexhaustible wealth such as oil, gas and
minerals, and its financial returns increase with stability and peace
and the provision of necessary services to the tourist or visitor
in the accommodation area. Karbala is an example of religious
tourism in Iraq, as it is one of the important cities that receives
thousands of visitors annually

The study of the functions of cities and the economic activities
that they carry out reflects the importance of the city and the level of
interdependence and interaction between it and its functional territory.
The holy city of Karbala is a center of attraction for many tourists and
visitors، not only at the local level but also at the global level، which is
reflected in the development of the city’s conditions from The economic،
social and urban aspect. The research aims to study the components of
religious tourism in the holy city of Karbala and the services provided
to visitors and to study the importance of these ingredients in the growth
and development of the holy city of Karbala and the development of
religious tourism in it. The research concluded that there are two regions
for the holy city of Karbala، the first region is the dense religious region
or local، and this region includes more than 68% of the population of
Iraq، and the second region is the broad region، which is called the
global، as it includes a large number of countries in the world. The vast
religious region contributes to the development of the state’s economy in
general and to the city’s development and development in particular، as it
generates huge profits and money from hard currency through spending
on goods and services in the city.

The management of organizational renewal and development has become a
reality that must be implemented in the two thresholds to develop economic, cultural,
intellectual and technological developments and changes, where there are many influences
and forms of change and development are a feature of the global civilization
that affects the organization and human beings. With it, as well as its expectation by
adopting the issue of organizational development, which has become the main issue
or the central goal of every organization for its continuity and growth.
The success in achieving the organizational development strategy project will
provide the threshold with the ability to maximize the use of the services provided
to visitors and the strengths and all opportunities and environmental and cultural
variables that have a positive impact, whether during the fortieth visit or at other
times “sustainable development” in order to eradicate weaknesses and influential
obstacles and enhance their readiness To fully deal effectively for the success of
the visit with a “strategic development project” in light of the value, development
and technological considerations that distinguish it in each visit season from
the other, and the two thresholds are distinguished by new events and additions
that comfort the visitor and gain his satisfaction. In the organizational renewal
management strategy” by addressing the following elements:
The concept and benefits of an organizational development management
strategy Responsibility for managing organizational renewal and development

The incident of Taff commemorates the heroic acts associated
with various individuals. Each of the seventy companions involved
in the event has a distinct role and is remembered in history for
their contributions, such as the bravery of Imam Abbas, Lady
Zainab, Imam Ali Akbar, Qasim, and the infant Abdullah (peace
be upon them all), as well as the actions of companions like
Wahb and his mother, and Hurr al-Riyahi and Abis. The current
study focuses on the psychological and social impact of the Taff
incidents on humanity as a whole, with these individuals serving
as role models.
The study aims to analyze the Taff incidents from a psychological
perspective, focusing on specific events such as the martyrdom of
the infant Abdullah, the martyrdom of Qasim, the martyrdom of
Imam Abbas (peace be upon them all), the transformation of Hurr
al-Riyahi, and the entry and exit of the Hussaini procession.
These incidents are analyzed using psychological theories such
as Bandura’s social learning theory, Maslow’s theory of needs, Black and Merritt’s self-esteem theory, existential personality
theory, Bowlby’s attachment theory, Batson’s theory of altruism,
and psychoanalytic theory. The study reveals the following results:
The terrorist act of killing the infant Abdullah.
The courage of Qasim despite his young age.
The sacrifice and selflessness of Imam Abbas.
The sacrifice of Imam Hussein, which has immortalized him
and made him a model for leaders and thinkers.
The transformation of Hurr al-Riyahi from an inauthentic figure
in Yazid’s camp to an authentic figure in Imam Hussein’s camp.
The dignified entry and exit of the Hussaini procession to and
from Karbala.
These findings highlight the psychological dynamics and
motivations behind the actions and behaviors of the individuals
involved in the Taff incidents, showcasing their bravery, sacrifice,
and impact on humanity

This research relies on data collected from statistical reports
issued by the Karbala Center for Studies and Research for
the years 2017 to 2021،representing the number of Hussaini
processions (mourning processions) for each year. The aim is to
forecast the number of Hussaini processions for the years 2022
and 2023 based on a time series representing the number of visitors
during the Arbaeen pilgrimage for the past five years. The study
aims to determine the required number of Hussaini processions in
the years 2022 and 2023. The results revealed an increase in the
number of Hussaini processions in the year 2022،reaching 12,340
processions،an increase of 914 processions compared to 2021.
Additionally،the number of processions for the year 2023 increased to 12,355،which is 929 processions more than in 2021. The
research used the modified Box-Jenkins methodology to calculate
the prediction period،relying on the difference between the upper
limit of estimated values and the actual values to determine the
forecasting period

Hussein rituals are civilized practices، when compared to
other rituals performed by non-Shiites، and it is not a modern
phenomenon، but rather ancient and majestic decrees، and
constitutes an extension of the reformist renaissance of Imam
Hussein، which took place in 61 AH / 680 AD، and this founding
event corresponded to it The doctrinal and intellectual dimensions
of a coherent vision and a unified view of the universe and society.
The emphasis on the receipt of the rituals of Hussein in the Koran
and the novels considered، evidence of being a revival of the
Divine Sunnah، to consolidate the original principles in the hearts
of believers، and can trace the traces of its emergence since the
emergence of Islam، through the subsequent periods of Islamic
history، and the later stages of modern history and contemporary.
The revival of the visit of the forty managed to save the features
of the Renaissance from the loss، and keep the event alive and
effective and influential in the important aspects of human life in
general، and among the faithful community in particular.

The quantities of fuel consumed in the holy city of Karbala are
of great importance. The number and types of mechanisms Karbala
branch for the distribution of liquid gas products needs of the
processions Participation in the Arbaeen visit from 2017 to 2021. In
this research, we dealt with regression models for forecasting, dealing
with mechanisms, transporting liquid gas from (2024-2024) and
three prediction models were used (the model, the quadratic model,
the exponential model) And by comparing these criteria according
to the standard mean square error (MSD), the quadratic model was
obtained with the best information and relied on it for prediction.