magazine aldhakwat albedh

The period of time in which the Iraqi state was established was governed by its historical circumstances, which had an external factor that was more likely to favor the institutionalization of the state. The emerging parliamentary movement was also somewhat popular. The Iraqis regarded it as a step towards independence through the rule of Self, and not a bow to the control of the occupier.
Indeed, the divergence of the theoretical and intellectual methodology of strategic planning of state-building is directly proportional to the heterogeneity of the ruling regimes that hold power in Iraq. In analyzing these changes, we will identify the stages of the approach to how to build the Iraqi state. How did the Iraqi state be built? To answer this question, we will examine an important period of Iraq›s political history, the period of the monarchy of 1921-1958

The heads of the martyrs of the Battle of Al-Taf (the head of Imam Hussein and the head of the holy Imam Abbas (peace be upon her)) a critical historical study
Professor Dr. Khalil Hassan Al-Zarkani
Assistant Lecturer Maysoon Salman Ward
College of Islamic Sciences
Of that heinous crime, the Battle of Karbala still has its largest share and its greatest share, as it embodied the ugliest scenes of terrorism and its images, as the criminals in the land of the Tufuf deliberately cut off the heads of the martyrs from the pure family and the faithful among their supporters, and carried them, mutilated them, and placed them on the tips of spears. To send it as a gift of victory - allegedly - to their accursed tyrant, the accursed son of Yazid bin Muawiyah. The objectives of the research are to shed light on the heads of the martyrs of the eternal Battle of Al-Taf, especially the two sacred heads (the head of Imam Hussein and the head of Imam Abbas, peace be upon them), as well as to criticize and analyze the process of where the head of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, was buried. As for the questions
Research: The researchers asked a set of questions related to research and study, so the first question was: Where was the burial of the head of Imam Al -Hussein? Al -Abbas (peace be upon him) carried the banner of the brigade of his brother, Imam Al -Hussein (peace be upon him) during the fighting. As for the fourth question, how was he able to say the fighting of the heroes while carrying the banner of the fighting while he was injured by the attack on him? These and other questions are the focus of attention of the researchers in order to answer them. The methodology of the historical description and historical criticism of historical novels has been used
The first topic is the first topic: The role of Imam Abbas (peace be upon him) in the Battle of Al-Taf. As for the second topic, it was titled The Holy Head of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him. As for the third and final topic, its title was The Second Holy Head is of Imam Abbas bin Ali (peace be upon him), then the conclusion and sources. And references. One of the most important results that the research reached was that one of the horrific and brutal phenomena - which reached the peak in its ugliness - was the phenomenon of excessive bloodshed and human killing, and the most horrific and heinous crime of cutting off heads, carrying them and mutilating them, and this is what happened in the painful incident of Al-Taf, where it was carried out. Cutting off the heads of martyrs from the pure family.

The study aimed to identify the impact of an educational design based on experiential learning strategies on the evaluative thinking skills of fifth-grade science students in biology, compared to the traditional method. The researchers adopted a quasi-experimental design with partial control. The research sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of 88 students, who were randomly distributed into two research groups. The researchers ensured the equivalence of the research groups in variables such as( age in months, intelligence, prior knowledge of biology, evaluative thinking skills and parents› academic achievement) , The evaluative thinking test was prepared, and consisted of (36) multiple-choice items. Its validity and reliability were verified. The test was then administered to the research groups, and the data was statistically analyzed using SPSS. The results indicated that experiential learning strategies positively impacted the evaluative thinking skills of fifth-grade science students in biology, favoring the experimental group. Based on these findings, the researchers presented several recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
This study examines the concept of (economic freedom( in Islam through an analytical perspective on its Sharia principles, contemporary applications, and its role in achieving social justice. It highlights economic freedom as defined in Islam—constrained by rules such as the prohibition of usury and monopolies—while maintaining balance between individual rights in ownership, labor, and production, and the broader commitment to social equity.
The research emphasizes principles like social solidarity, Zakat, and Waqf as mechanisms for wealth redistribution and reducing inequalities between the rich and the poor. It also illustrates Islam's encouragement of work and productivity within ethical boundaries to ensure community welfare. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study integrates Islamic texts and scholarly interpretations to contextualize the concept amidst contemporary economic challenges.
Key findings include Islam’s balance between individual freedom and public interest, the prohibition of exploitative practices like usury and monopolies, and the critical role of social solidarity in economic dealings. The study recommends developing Islamic economic policies that promote justice and enhancing the role of Zakat and charities to combat poverty and social disparities.

Linguistic instructions are the characteristic of the Arabs with which the Bedouin was raised. They preceded the emergence of Islam. In the pre-Islamic past, they were known as the nature upon which the rude Arabs were raised, and with which the Qur’an was revealed. When the fame of Islam spread, the non-Arabs entered its religion in droves, so they were obliged to learn its correct conditions, and they were able to do so from During mingling with the Arabs, the Arabs took from them the accent that leans towards melody and acquired from the Arabs some eloquent mannerisms؛ As a result of this, a society emerged that combined eloquence and melody until the melody expanded and its scope increased, and became widespread in the reading of Qur’anic verses. For this reason, they departed from its control until the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them, came forward to limit the melody and its spread, so the grammatical principles that he brought were like the first nucleus recorded in the science of the language Many rules were built upon it after that, protecting tongues from melody and distortion

Unfortunately, one of the negative phenomena that is widespread in our Islamic and Arab societies is the phenomenon of drug abuse, and this spread occurs through the cultivation, manufacture and promotion of these substances.
Undoubtedly, Islamic jurisprudence has forbidden dealing in narcotic substances except in some cases and within the narrowest limits and in accordance with specific controls for that. Positive law has also criminalized the cultivation, manufacture and promotion of...drugs except with restrictions and conditions stipulated within laws specific to drug dealing.
Hence, the research came to shed light on the crimes of dealing with narcotic substances without necessity in jurisprudence and law, and what is the punishment due to those who commit these crimes in jurisprudence and law, and this is what we will clarify through our research (Punishment for drug crimes in jurisprudence and law(We ask God to grant us success in this).

The research entitled (Social and Economic Conditions of Muslims in Andalusia after the Reconquest Movement) deals with the study of what pertains to the social field and the issues related to it in society, and the economic field and what the conditions of Muslims in Andalusia have become after the Reconquest Movement. The research includes an introduction that deals with a general overview of the subject of the study, its importance and the reasons for choosing it, its objectives, questions and problems, and its methodology. Then the research moves on to scrutinize the historical scrutiny and analysis in four researches, which are: the Reconquest Movement and its impact on Andalusia, the reasons and motives behind the Reconquest Movement, its stages and most prominent events, and the political and administrative transformations that occurred in Andalusia after the Reconquest. As for the second topic, it is about the social transformations of Muslims in Andalusia, the legal and social status of Muslims after the Reconquest, religious and social discrimination, migration and displacement, and transformations in the social content of Muslim society. The third section contains the economic transformations of Muslims in Andalusia and the impact of the Reconquest on agriculture, industry and trade, the policy of seizing land and property, and the transformations in lifestyles. The fourth section is about the continuity of the Islamic identity in Andalusia, the role of scholars and jurists in preserving the continuity of the Islamic legacy, Islamic education and culture, and expressing the Islamic identity in the presence of difficult reality. The research ends with a conclusion.

Al-Baqouli is a great scholar who mastered the sciences of Arabic, Quranic readings and interpretation, and his mastery made him at the forefront of scholars of his time. He has a book called (Jawahir Al-Quran and Results of the Attribute), which is considered one of the important sources in our Arab heritage, because of what is in their books.

In conclusion, this research sheds light on the translations of the two Imams Al-Maliki and Al-Shafi’i, the foundations of their doctrine, and the issues they have in common among the sections of the mandatory rule. This research also deals with the opinions of the Hanafi school of thought and the Hanbali school of thought on the issues that were studied in this research. This research dealt with three evening prayers shared between the Maliki school of thought and the Shafi’i school of thought. The issues are the names of the delegate and whether the delegate is a mandatory ruling and the delegate is not appointed by him.

The problem of children›s addiction to electronic devices in light of the Corona pandemic made most families realize that the use of such devices causes children to become addicted to it, and then it will shape their minds, in ways that researchers and educators are now slowly beginning to understand. Although these devices are not harmful at all, they are far from being useful at the same time. In this sense, children learning how to improve their use, or knowing when to stop using them, will produce positive and lasting effects.
In addition, for that; the researchers reached the following goals:
1- The level of addiction of pre-school children to the use of electronic devices in light of the Corona pandemic from the parents’ point of view.
2- The factors leading to the addiction of pre-school children to the use of electronic devices in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of parents.
For verifying the research objectives; the researchers built a scale consisting of (21) items divided into three areas, namely (family repercussions, health repercussions, and social repercussions), and three alternatives were put in the scale, which are (much applicable, sometimes applicable, never applicable).
The researchers also drew a sample consisting of (200) families of pre-school children, with (100) families of male children, and (100) families of female children. The researcher also extracted the psychometric indicators of the scale from the validity and reliability coefficients, and after analyzing the answers of kindergarten children›s families, the results showed the following:
1-The research sample suffers from high addiction to the use of electronic devices in light of the Corona pandemic.
2- There is no effect of family, health and social factors on the high level of addiction of kindergarten children to the use of electronic devices in light of the Corona pandemic.

The topic of conflict, especially the topic of crowding, is one of the important topics that requires research into its known preponderances in addition to clarifying its effect on jurisprudential deduction. The research was divided into two topics. In the first topic, I discussed the definition of the concept of conflict, its origin, and its divisions. As for the second topic, I discussed the concept of conflict, the difference between it and crowding, and the sources of conflict.

The current research aims to identify the reality of employing educational techniques on students› academic achievement from the point of view of English language teachers in the Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate, and the descriptive survey method was used to achieve the research objectives, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for collecting data, it was distributed to a sample of (82) male and female teachers in government schools in the Baghdad Education Directorate, Al-Karakh 3,the results showed that the degree of employment of modern educational technologies by English language teachers was moderate, the results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender and academic qualification.

Arab-Islamic history is notable for its historical events and most of the historians who recorded those events. However, despite the fact that some stages in that Islamic history share the medicine of oblivion, current historians differ regarding their causes. Among those events that were forgotten were the leadership of the Emirate of Tripoli in the Levant, led by Beni Ammar, That emirate›s borders were no less than the borders of Tripoli today, but rather included large areas such as Antioch and Jableh, and it would not have been mentioned had it not been mentioned in the conversation of historians in the context of mentioning other historical events related to it, even though it had an influence on the course of history at the time of its establishment, and this is the greatest evidence. Accordingly, the great scientific and cultural renaissance that spread throughout it, and had it not been for the Crusader invasion, its impact would have remained to this day. But unfortunately, the Crusaders did to Tripoli what the Mongols did to Baghdad. In addition to the fact that this emirate stood in the face of the Crusaders for a long period of up to ten years, and this would not have been possible for it if it had not been an emirate with a great deal of organisation, strength and military capabilities, so researchers today have the right to wonder about the reason for neglecting this part of the history of Tripoli and the history of this city. The ancient family that ruled Tripoli, its lineage and origin.

Among the vocabulary that has occupied a large part of human thinking are those that are related to the world of the unseen, including (the isthmus and the resurrection), which one day a person must return to these two worlds and other other worlds, after he became certain that his existence will end without knowing time and place. Therefore, the focus in this research was on what happens to a person from the stage after death, which is called (the isthmus), and ending with the return of the soul to the body (the resurrection), and obtaining what he deserves in terms of reward or punishment according to his deeds that he performed in this worldly life, and when The research was related to the metaphysical side, and I distanced myself as much as possible from personal efforts.
It is noticeable in the Qur’anic and Hadith discourses that they had a very wide space in talking about these terms, when compared to other topics. We do not find a surah in the Holy Qur’an that does not explicitly state this, and from here many questions have arisen about the nature and truth of each of these words. Vocabulary that man could not find an answer to except through the Holy Qur’an, and what came from the Greatest Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and the righteous Companions. In writing this research, I followed the inductive approach in collecting scientific material from Ancient and modern sources in order to reach the research objectives.

This research deals with the study of repetition in the poetry of Nazik Al-Malaika and Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab, as an artistic and semantic tool that highlights the uniqueness of the style of each of the two poets. Repetition was reviewed in selected examples of their poems, where it is used to embody feelings of pain, alienation and hope, which gives the poetic texts an aesthetic depth and an internal musical impact. The similarities are evident in the two poets’ reliance on repetition to express their personal suffering and each of their visions of the world, while the methods of employing repetition differ; Nazik Al-Malaika focuses on highlighting feelings of anxiety and momentary emotion, while Al-Sayyab tends towards a deeper symbolism related to nature and hope. It was found that repetition is an essential part of their poetic structure, and gives the poems an aesthetic and semantic dimension that mimics the poets’ psychological feelings and experiences. The research also highlights the importance of studying repetition as an analytical tool for modern Arabic poetry, and recommends further research on other artistic styles, with a focus on the emotional and psychological dimension in Arabic poetry, which would enhance the understanding of modern literature and appreciation of its expressive aesthetics.

Jurisprudence is one of the most honorable and highest-ranking sciences. It distinguishes what is permissible from what is forbidden, distinguishes right from wrong, and the jurisprudential heritage is one of the richest legacies known to humanity in the field of knowledge in general and Islamic thought in particular, and the one who sees it stands amazed at the greatness of the unique genius of its pioneers throughout the blogging movement.

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on semantic breadth in developing reading comprehension skills among fifth-grade literary students. The researcher developed the following two null hypotheses:
There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the pre- and post-tests in the reading comprehension skills of experimental group-1
2- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the semantic breadth strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject in the (usual) way in the post-reading comprehension skills test.
The current research was limited to a sample of fifth-grade literary students in middle and secondary day schools in the third Rusafa governorate of Baghdad, and a number of topics in the Arabic language book scheduled to be taught to fifth-grade middle school students in Iraq for the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024).
The researchers followed the experimental design, which is the design of the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests. The two researchers chose Amna Al-Sadr Preparatory School for Girls. The research sample amounted to (63) students. The two researchers rewarded the two research groups in some variables, and the researcher verified the internal and external soundness of the experimental design.
The researcher prepared the research supplies and prepared a test for reading comprehension skills. The experiment continued for the second semester for a period of (8) weeks, as the experiment began on Sunday (2/25/2024) and ended on Thursday (4/18/2024), using the following statistical methods (test The researcher processed the data of her research.
The results of the research showed that the female students of the experimental group who studied according to semantic breadth were superior to the female students of the control group who studied using the traditional method of reading comprehension.

The methods of argumentation in the Holy Quran are characterized by wisdom and high eloquence, and are based on an integrated methodology that aims to convey the truth and convince opponents in a rational manner. The Holy Quran presents a model for dialogue and argumentation that relies on reason and logic, far from fanaticism or insult. One of the methods used by the Quran is to direct the mind to think and reflect, by posing questions that denounce the lack of thinking about the signs of God and the universe around us, as we see in many verses that call on man to consider the creation of the heavens, the earth, and creatures, and to reflect on natural phenomena such as night, day, the sun, and the moon. These calls are not just a list of evidence, but rather a call to stimulate the mind and thought to reach the truth itself. The Holy Quran also relies on the method of argumentation using strong rational arguments, to clarify the difference between the Creator God and the gods worshipped by polytheists who cannot create or manage. This type of argument aims to show the weakness of the argument of opponents in a direct and convincing rational manner. In addition, the Quran takes into account the method of argumentation in the best way, as it orders believers to They avoid abuse or fanaticism in their arguments with others, even with those who disagree with them in belief. The goal is to present the truth in a refined and attractive manner that helps win hearts before minds. This manner shows that the goal of argumentation is not merely to win the argument, but to convey the truth in a manner befitting humanity and the values of religion. The Holy Qur’an also relies on Qur’anic stories as a means of conveying messages and lessons indirectly, such as the stories of the prophets and the stories of previous peoples.

Objectives: This research seeks to highlight one of the important topics artificial intelligence and its impact on education and media. This issue has received considerable attention from international institutions and organizations in order to keep pace with the world›s current progress. The study provided an overview of the concept of artificial intelligence, its definitions, its importance and characteristics and its impact on education in general and on the student and teacher in particular, as well as linking the subject of education to the media because social media that is one of the media has a great impact on the academic community.
Methods: This study relied on the analytical descriptive curriculum where one of the curricula is considered phenomena and systematically analyzed, it depends on accurately describing the phenomenon by collecting data and information on it, to arrive at specific conclusions.
Results: Improve education performance as AI has proven to be effective in promoting in-person learning, helping to deliver personalized learning content that is in line with each student›s needs and level. Also, increasing teachers› competence enabled AI tools to focus on the most important aspects of education by analyzing performance data, this has helped them to provide immediate and appropriate support to the students who need it. Greater accuracy in media that led AI technologies to improve the quality of news and media content by verifying information and exploring facts, thereby reducing the spread of false news. Through public analysis, AI helped the media better understand the public›s interests and behaviors, this helped them deliver personalized content that enhances the interaction of readers and viewers.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon the Prophet, his family, companions, and followers.
And after: Jurisprudence in religion is one of the most honorable sciences, and whoever God desires good for him will give him understanding of religion, and therefore I chose an important title in the jurisprudence of financial transactions, which is the principles of diligence in contemporary jurisprudential issues - financial transactions as an example -.

This paper aims to explore the development of digital literacy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching by integrating social media and online tools. The introduction will provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of digital literacy skills in the modern world and emphasize the need to incorporate these skills into language teaching. It will also highlight the potential benefits and challenges of using social media and online tools in EFL classrooms.
The literature review section will delve into relevant research on digital literacy in EFL contexts. It will examine studies on the benefits of integrating social media and online tools in language learning, such as increased student engagement, expanded opportunities for collaboration, and authentic language use .This research paper explores the integration of social media and online tools to develop digital literacy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, highlighting benefits and challenges.

Suspicion is doubt about something, whether naive or not, and thus general knowledge and naive doubt fall under the title of suspicion. Suspicion means lack of specificity, meaning that it is the opposite of detailed knowledge, either suspicion or detailed knowledge. There is no suspicion in detailed knowledge at all. Suspicion is linked to doubt regardless of its type, and therefore general knowledge falls under this title because doubt is linked to it. Here, in this simple, humble research, we try to clarify some simple requirements that are related to the subject, in defining the concept of suspicion in language and terminology, and then determining the criterion in the unlimited suspicion to exclude the limited suspicion and other doubts from the subject of the research, and then clarifying in the event of necessity of hardship avoiding the unlimited suspicion, then the statements made by the prominent scholars in the unlimited suspicion, then clarifying whether the categorical opposition in the unlimited suspicion is permissible or not? Then the evidence of those who say that caution is not required in the case of unlimited doubt