iklil for Humanity Studies

As you know, perhaps one of the best deeds is to study knowledge, matters of belief, and issues that relate to our true belief and its lofty concepts, which calls for a serious commitment to correct transmission and with what is appropriate to the language of the era and the development taking place.
Based on this, theological rules have played an effective role in reducing doctrinal differences in some theological issues. The existence of God Almighty is implanted in the nature of His servants, and proof of His existence, Glory be to Him, does not require consideration and reasoning. Rather, it is necessary as the Muslim finds it in himself, and in this topic of ours we are trying to We highlight the role of scholars in clarifying the foundations of the doctrinal disputes that arose due to past time obstacles, especially in the rule that changing the effect leads to changing the cause. As for the reason for choosing the topic: Anti-Semitic sciences in general are based only on the shoulders of scholars, and scholars of the Islamic faith have had a prominent role in reducing doctrinal differences. The central question of the subject of the study: To what extent was the prominent role of scholars of the Islamic faith in reducing doctrinal differences? What is the impact of these differences on the Muslim belief, including cause and effect? As for the objectives of the topic: As for the objectives of the humble topic, they can be limited to the following: introducing the reader to the opinions of philosophers and theologians, highlighting their active role in defending the Islamic faith, introducing the reader to the most important disputes that took place in that time period, and explaining their role and the truth of their efforts that are hidden from people. As for the limitations of the study: the verbal rule that is the focus of the study (changing the effect leads to changing the cause). In my study, I relied on the inductive and deductive analytical method as a basic method in analyzing religious texts. To address the topic, we preferred to divide the research into two sections, and each section includes demands.

The study aimed to know the truth about Christianity, and the life of Paul the Apostle, who arose and founded the ideas and beliefs of the Christian community, and how Paul converted from Judaism to Christianity, as well as his sudden conversion and conversion without any introductions to this transition or preparations that paved the way for him after he saw Christ, peace be upon him, and after He raised it over the years, as Paul introduced dangerous events and ideas into Christianity, moved it from a religion for the children of Israel to a global religion, and transferred it from monotheism to trinity, and claimed the divinity of Christ and the divinity of the Holy Spirit, and invented the story of redemption to atone for human sin, and canceled the landmarks that Jesus had called upon him. Peace itself, as it created a new religion and attributed to itself the founder of Christianity, thus obliterating the true Christian religion, by spreading its ideas and beliefs that contradict what Christ, peace be upon him, brought, and its deviant style and thought in which every word carries more than one meaning. Therefore, the general public did not realize the intellectual differences. And the exact roots between the teachings of Jesus and Paul’s distortions and their goals. This study showed his intellectual inspirations and the reasons for his success, and how he was able to embrace Christianity and work to distort it and put in place legislation contrary to what Jesus, peace be upon him, brought

The beliefs of the Islamic nation and the foundations of its religion had become manifested by heresies and superstitions, and most of the books of beliefs had turned into texts and footnotes full of sterile verbal debate. Therefore, the rhetorician sought to correct the doctrine and present it in a simplified manner free of all these complications. Therefore, this research consisted of several axes. The axis was The first is in Sheikh Al-Balaghi’s response to the suspicions of the materialists, as their suspicions are summarized about creation, evolution, the eternity of matter, and coincidence. The second axis includes self-unification, while the third axis is about monotheism in attributes, and the last axis is about monotheism in creation.

Penal legislation has worked to address actions taken by an employee in which he takes his job as a means for private benefit at the expense of the state’s interest. As a result, the employee or person charged with a public service is a human being, and he may commit transgressions that violate the laws as a result. An employee or person charged with a public service often exploits his job capacity when he commits a crime, and on the basis of that, Article (135) of the Iraqi Penal Code, within general aggravating circumstances, addresses the employee’s exploitation of his job capacity, as the fourth paragraph of the above article clarifies that a person’s job capacity facilitates his Committing crimes within the limits of his job, that is, exploiting the powers of the public office, which ultimately leads to weakening individuals’ confidence in public authority. This circumstance is an aggravating personal circumstance, meaning it does not apply to those who participate in the crime.
On the basis of this, one of the most important goals sought in this research is to explain the circumstance of the severity of the punishment for the crime of theft because it was committed by a person of a special capacity (an employee or person charged with a public service). We will enhance our research with judicial rulings and decisions in order to reach results and proposals that contribute to combating crime and reducing Of it as much as possible.

Organized crime evolves with the development of time, as criminal organizations that specialize in crime acquire a great deal of knowledge and knowledge in all fields that they appoint in carrying out their crimes and achieving their goals. Unless you exploit it in its illegal activities. The crimes committed by the organized criminal gangs have become dominated by the economic character, as they are now looking at their crimes on the basis that they are services, and not trafficking in contraband or trafficking in human beings and human organs, and that they are not acts of illegal immigration. These crimes in all their forms and manifestations that are committed by these organizations have become a threat to the safety and stability of societies within their countries, which is reflected in the international community as a whole, which prompted this research study titled Transnational organized crime and ways to combat it.
At the end of the research, the researchers came to a set of results and recommendations, the most important result being that criminal organizations aim to achieve certain goals, and for that they may cooperate with all illegal organizations such as terrorist organizations so that they exchange roles with them in order to reach their desired goals. As for the recommendations The most important of which is that states are required to prepare their security personnel at the highest levels of readiness, and train them on the latest how to use the latest means produced by scientific techniques in order to combat organized crime, and confront it when it occurs, in order to reduce the losses resulting from it as much as possible, and in a way that reflects on security and peace within societies.

The nature of the study of this research entitled: ((The concept of beauty in contemporary Western philosophy)) lies in clarifying the meaning of beauty in philosophical thought in particular and contemporary philosophy in general. Beauty appeared as an independent science in the eighteenth century, and Bamgarten (1714-1762 AD) is considered the first to develop The term aesthetics, which means the science of aesthetics, seeks through it to link beauty with the evaluation of the arts. Aesthetics, as a philosophical science, makes it its mission to reconcile the truth of art on the one hand with the truth of philosophy on the other hand.
As for the concept in the contemporary stage, it is characterized by an artistic nature. Therefore, we find many philosophers who are interested in studying art and beauty together, and through this research we will clarify the meaning of beauty according to both the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce and the German philosopher Theodor Adorno.
As for beauty with Crochet, it takes on an artistic dimension. This is because it refers the intuitive knowledge that derives its knowledge from imagination to art, which in turn expresses the reality of the beautiful thing. As for beauty, according to Adorno, it also takes an artistic dimension, but it is characterized by a critical character. Adorno’s critical philosophy was characterized by the artistic character that enters into all areas of social, economic, political, and cultural life. ; This is in order to overcome the problem of modern rationalism that has dominated man due to technological and scientific progress, and the liberation of man from the restrictions imposed by technology occurs through the power of imagination that is due to art.

The legislator has identified certain offenses for which criminal proceedings may be initiated only by a complaint from the victim or by someone acting in his place. The question arises as to the extent to which procedural justice can be done if the victim refrains from initiating criminal proceedings for the offenses limited to their complaint.
This leads to the defendant's impunity and the failure of society to require his right to punish the perpetrator in which one of the most important purposes of initiating criminal proceedings lies.
For this reason, we say that to achieve procedural justice, the criminal legislator is obliged to establish procedural rules to strike a balance between conflicting interests and society's interest in achieving the truth and the individual's interest in guaranteeing their rights and freedoms.
The achievement of justice does not mean access to conviction or punishment, but the primary objective is to protect and preserve the essence of freedoms, security, and societal stability. Moreover, preserving the honor of the individual's reputation in the family, and society to equity prevention of injustice.

The idea of religious moderation in the constitution is of great importance as this idea provides a legal framework to maintain balance and tolerance between the different religions in society, and the constitution's commitment to religious moderation helps to promote the rights of individuals to freedom of worship and belief, while providing controls to prevent extremism and religious extremism, Religious moderation also promotes social peace and peaceful coexistence among members of society, where mutual understanding and respect are promoted between different religions, the research of religious moderation in the constitution may face cultural and social challenges as a result of the different religious orientations and cultural beliefs, in general, the idea of religious moderation in the constitution promotes religious freedom and promotes peaceful coexistence, tolerance and equality between different religions in society.

Francis Bacon is one of the most important philosophers of the seventeenth century on the philosophical level. Bacon was one of the most important philosophers of the scientific method and one of the founders of the experimental doctrine. On the educational level, he is considered one of the founders of the sensory-realist doctrine in modern education, because of the new educational views he presented. This is why our research attempted to show Bacon's ideas in scientific education and the scientific method in the educational field. To reach our desired goal, the research proceeded as follows: - The first topic was about Bacon's criticisms of the prevailing education in his time. The second topic focused on Bacon's philosophical and educational goals, and the third was studying Bacon’s method in scientific education. As for the fourth topic, the discussion revolved around the city of knowledge or the state of knowledge according to Bacon.

Sufism is not mentioned in any study or research except when discussing Shihab al-Din Abu al-Fath al-Suhrawardi. The luminary figure of illuminative mysticism، he left a distinct mark on the history of Islamic mysticism during its advanced stages، later known as the period of philosophical Sufism. This era transcended excessive rituals and behavioral presence، embodying a comprehensive theory within Sufism. It represents a period where philosophy fused with spiritual paths، exemplified by figures like al-Bustami and al-Hallaj. Despite his official affiliation with this spiritual system، al-Suhrawardi carved out a unique path، offering a profound perspective within traditional philosophy as well.

Hisham Sharabi was concerned with the patriarchal system, within its social and intellectual framework, and explained its role and impact on communication between
societies, as modemity was linked to the patriarchal system, and its impact on the formation of Arab and Westem thought. He was able to contribute to giving an image of the patriarchal system in that it is not isolation from people and individual knowledge, but rather taken The image of advocacy and became a field for disseminating religious humanitarian and moral values

The study of the current research lies in the study of the structural system in the painting of the artist mahmmood sabry through the stages that the from system went through in his artwork ، and the observation of the structure of the the artwork through several stages that made the form crystallize taking in several forms ،we note that artist has undergon many experiments ،through the realistic، diagnostic method in his works ،and transition to the impressionist transition in terms of formal fragmentation in the composition of the artwork ، bright colors and color intensity in the treatment of figures of the pictorial composition ، moving between the expressive and abstract stage as the components and structures of the form made it the structural text cracks in many stages to take different aesthetic qualities ، as we review in the current research the studies that focused on shape variables، starting frome the modren art schools ، which brought about the major revolution in the words of art، especially the impressionist school.

There exist immanent contradictions between marginalization on the one hand and national integration and development on the other. To the extent that the Nigerian State and its resources have become privatized and appropriated by a few ethnic chauvinists, nay ethnic groups, to the utter exclusion of other ethnic groups, the minorities especially, to that extent have national integration and development remained elusive. This paper examines the nexus between these concepts drawing from the Nigerian experience. Noting that no system built on exclusion and injustice can thrive, the advocates the restructuring of the Nigerian State in such a manner as to guarantee greater autonomy and participation of Nigerians in the affairs of the country, regardless of whether they belong to majority or minority groups. Additionally, the paper underscores the need to change the dominant perception of the state as a violent and uncaring superstructure that exists for the personal and sectional interests of a few, to one that exists for the common good of all.

The success of democracy is linked to the availability of many political, economic, and cultural factors. Therefore, the presence of political elites in these systems is a must, as the concepts of democracy are rooted in only a few people, and therefore these people have great responsibilities at the political, social, and cultural levels. These plays a role in Elites in various countries of the world play a prominent role in the political decision-making process and a pivotal role at the level of foreign policy, and this is particularly embodied at the level of Iraq, in which an important role is highlighted for elites, especially at the regional level and the nature of the relationships with which they are linked, and the role of these relationships in determining Iraq’s priorities. At the regional level, which reflects the nature of balances and achieving the interests of the state.
The importance of the research is evident in understanding the nature of the country's foreign policy orientations at the regional level, explaining the extent of the influence of political elites on Iraq's regional foreign policy, and their role in achieving the required balances that are in the country's best interest. This research aims to address the definition of the concept of the political elite in the country, and the extent of its influence in the region within Iraq’s foreign policy, as well as identifying its most important characteristics and trends and identifying its determinants and repercussions on the future of Iraq. The main problem of the research is: What is the role of the Iraqi political elites in determining Iraq’s political priorities at the regional level, and what are the repercussions of this on the political balances in the region.

Evaluating the policy of raising the price of the dollar in Iraq in2021 highlights the importance of understanding the effects of government decisions on the economy and society. Raising the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar was a bold decision to address economic challenges، but it raised widespread questions and criticism. This evaluation reviews the reasons behind the decision، and analyzes its expected and unexpected effects. It also sheds light on the diverse reactions in Iraqi society and how the decision affects various aspects of daily life and the national economy. This assessment provides a comprehensive overview aimed at understanding the challenges and finer details of government policies and how they can be improved to enhance economic stability and citizens' well-being.

Dam projects built by some countries on international rivers represent one of the reasons for causing problems and crises. When it causes damage to the shares of other countries and results in the foreign policies of upstream and downstream countries being affected. This was the case in Ethiopia when it unilaterally decided to build the Renaissance Dam, which led to a conflict that broke out between Ethiopia and Egypt. This dispute also affected the principles of the foreign policy of Egypt and Ethiopia towards each other, as well as towards the Nile Basin countries.

This research examines various important concepts and key factors that have shaped Israel's modern view of security، along with the means to achieve it. It delves into Israel's adoption of a contemporary security strategic school of thought، its pursuit of this approach with vigor، and its sharpening of its capabilities to devise normalization plans to address its internal and external challenges. Israel turned to bilateral agreements with regional countries to achieve political، economic، and international security gains، as it had failed to do so through military force، direct warfare، with its associated material، human، and moral losses. Israel employed a combination of political and religious discourse to serve its persistent efforts to draw Arab countries in the region into normalization agreements. The United States provided continuous support for these endeavors، using all available political means، and at times، even military intervention in the region to ensure Israel's security and stability، both domestically and internationally. Israel spared no effort in leveraging its religious heritage and relationships to achieve its goals and bolster its presence، presenting itself as an advanced model in the region. The research also explores the extent to which the countries engaging in normalization were influenced by Israel's methods and their belief that normalization would provide assumed security against the recurring security challenges in the region. The research concludes by discussing the future of normalization and presenting a set of important findings. The statement that affirms that any operation aimed at achieving Israeli security، both internally and externally، bypasses the internal situation and Israel's relationship with the Palestinian Authority، resistance، the circumvention of the rights of the Palestinian people، and the theft of their historical rights، is a significant risk and involves a state of political foolishness. It could potentially lead to the collapse of Israeli security and the region as a whole، resulting in political turmoil، violence، civilian casualties، displacement، and further insecure conditions for all parties involved.

The general objective of this research is to identify the role of placing workers as an intermediary variable in the relationship between the quality of green banking banking service in the authorized organization، and the research was relied on the infringing descriptive approach through the opinions of a sample of the International Development Bank employees in Najaf، and the research has adopted Within the conceptual framework، the subject of the quality of the green banking service as one of the modern topics as an independent interpretative variable، and the bank reputation as a respondent variable، either enabling workers as an intermediate variable of the relationship between the quality of green banking and bank reputation، and the analysis was conducted by adopting a set of statistical tools that suit the goal of the research، The SMART PLS programs have been adopted، and the research included a number of conclusions، the most important of which is that enabling workers is an important topic in public administration over recent years as there is a general encouragement to give employees a sufficient space of freedom to define their work and power to be able to apply the full range of the ability to goals The company’s general and enabling others to follow their valid goals for themselves and their organizations and help others to communicate، which contributes to enhancing the reputation in the organization. As for the most important recommendations that the research has reached، it is the work to adopt the use of standards and characteristics for the quality of the quality of the green banking service، which is reflected in the working individuals، as it contributes to the manufacture of individuals who are innovative qualities and who in turn contribute to providing innovations and creativity and providing advice to the senior management of the organization because they consider individuals with skills And high experiences and capabilities and thus achieve bank reputation

The year 2003 was not like every other year that Iraq and the Iraqis passed before or after. It is an exceptional year, not only because of the fall of a dictatorial regime at the hands of the invaders. Different and conflicting political ideologies and interests, which ultimately led to our lack of the Iraqi national identity and the evocation and revival of religious identities - sectarian, national and regional, and striking each other according to the logic of collision and bloody conflict, to establish control, submission and acceptance of the other sometimes even if the invader is culturally different and considers it as the solution and the savior. The conflict took place in it a clear, intentional and directed change, so instead of the clash between the old and the modern, the religious and the irreligious, or between the liberal and the leftist, and the rest of the other ideological titles, the conflict became more dangerous and bloody by creating justifications and reasons for strife between religions on the one hand, or between sects within the same religion in the country the one.
The question of identity is now one of the most urgent questions in Iraqi society, and it is a question that expresses a deep crisis because the Iraqi nation is in a state of intellectual and civilizational decline, weakness, threat and loss of the national identity, provided that re-affiliation and loyalty to the unifying Iraqi national identity (Iraq as a homeland for all), It is possible through activating the equation of equality in rights and duties between the components and individuals of Iraqi society.
Granting the Iraqi his rights, introducing him to his duties, and making him perform them without distinction on any of the grounds, will make him feel strongly belonging to Iraq as a homeland and offer him his absolute loyalty, and the Iraqi will find the side to which he feels safe and deserves to belong to it, so he will get out of the identity crisis, and he will know about himself when he asks inside Iraq Or outside it with confidence that he is (an Iraqi citizen).

The Al-Aqsa Flood Operation has great strategic importance, given that it was established to change the reality that Israel has tried to manage in the Gaza Strip, by various means, since its withdrawal in 2005. This operation led to the collapse of the Strip. The Israeli strategy in dealing with Gaza and Hamas's rule there, in addition to revealing the catastrophic failure of the various components of the military and security system that Israel relied on to implement its strategies.

This study deals with the basic rights of illegal immigrants in international human rights agreements, and that illegal immigration and migrant smuggling are of global interest, through the development of international mechanisms capable of confronting the risks arising from the phenomenon of illegal immigration and migrant smuggling in order to besiege it and limit its effects. On the other hand, the category of migrants enjoys legal protection for their basic rights. These migrants are, above all, human beings. They must enjoy all their basic rights on the basis of the principle of equality and non-discrimination in human rights as one of the basic principles of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.

Difficulties in teaching reading constitute the most common percentage among the types of learning difficulties، as many references indicate. The meaning of reading is the interpretation and interpretation of verbal symbols، and it has two types: aloud reading، which has difficulties، and silent reading، which also has difficulties. The teaching difficulties facing students in reading are many depending on the type of reading، whether it is aloud. Or is she silent? The teacher must be aware of these difficulties in order to find appropriate solutions to them. There are factors that lead to difficulties in teaching reading، divided into three categories: physical factors، personal factors، and environmental factors، in addition to methods for evaluating these difficulties، including formal evaluation and informal evaluation

The recent redeployment of American forces on the Iraqi-Syrian border, after the defeat of ISIS, the liberation of lands, and the recapture of cities in 2017, raised fears and questions among popular, political, and regional circles, for fear of occupation again. The border region witnessed an American presence to reach the depth of Iranian influence, out of the belief that this region has become a gateway to the failure of the Greater Middle East Project and the rejection of the American presence in the region

The issue of the conditions of Jewish schools in Baghdad did not receive the same amount of attention as other topics in historical studies related to private education for the Jewish community, whether at the level of academic studies in Iraqi and Arab universities or at the level of the writings and intellectual productions of writers and authors, due to their lack of the secret historical facts that they included. Unpublished official documents from the files of the Ministry of Education (Education), as much of the information contained therein is what was recorded by Iraqi Jews themselves about the conditions of their private schools in Baghdad through their official connections with the Ministry of Education (Education), in addition to what was recorded before. The competent official authorities in the Ministry of Knowledge (Education) about the conditions of these schools.

Consumer protection is one of the priorities of countries that are keen to provide the best services to their citizens. Special legislation has recently been issued to protect consumers in Iraq. The legislator has organized multiple legal mechanisms that guarantee the necessary protection for the consumer public. This has been highlighted by researchers in the legal field through numerous research and studies. The most important observations contained on the aforementioned law are revealed, in addition to that, a significant period of time has passed since that legislation, which drew our attention to a review of the most important legal research that demonstrated the shortcomings of that legislation, and we discussed them in this research review from many aspects with the aim of reaching a specific result. It represents the extent of the real need for legal amendment or abolition and the issuance of new legislation that keeps pace with the continuous development at the present time.