DIRASAT TARBAWIYA

The secondary stage is an important stage in the structure of the educational system, any educational reform must begin by trying to monitor the reality with its achievements and aspects of its shortcomings to keep pace with the development in education to reach a high level of educational attainment for students. Hence the importance of this study to highlight the most important determinants of the student's education represented by the family and the school and its evaluation for the development of programs and plans that will improve their level of study based on the results of the current study, Accordingly, the research showed a decrease in the enrolment rate at secondary level by about 22.4% of the population in the age group (12-18 years), and urban areas accounted for a high percentage of them by a difference of (37)% from the countryside, and males formed the highest percentage compared to females as a result of the influence of several social, economic and cultural factors and lack of planning, as the study showed that the school environment and family inappropriate for the student constitute a negative factor in the face of strengthening his level and educational achievement and thus raising dropout rates. This calls for work on the development of educational and awareness strategies and programs aimed at mitigating the impact of prevailing social values and customs and benefiting from modern educational experiences and harnessing them to develop educational realities.

The aim of the current research is to know reading motivation and its relationship to classroom reinforcement methods for primary school students. The sample size was (100) male and female students. A tool for reading motivation and reinforcement methods was adopted by distributing a questionnaire to students and training them on how to answer. Statistics (SPSS) The validity and reliability of the two scales were verified. The results of the current research showed the
1- Primary school students are motivated to read.
2- Primary school students enjoy the methods of social reinforcement.
3-There is a statistical relationship between reading
motivation and methods of social reinforcement.

This research is concerned with the study of one of the poets of the Abbasid era, which is considered one of the most important literary eras. The fourth century AH was full of brilliant poets, led by Al-Mutanabbi. One of those who did not get the luck of the studies of the researchers, and it was not worth mentioning him with a contemplative pause, perhaps due to the loss of his poetry and its loss with the storms of time. It's goal is the aesthetic message, and it is pictures that were not far from life and nature, but the main dominant in its sources is nature, so the lights of goodness and its tributaries ignited between the recipient and the secrets of beauty, although they are mostly governed by the rule of workmanship.

The study aimed to identify the level of athletic cohesion and achievement motivation of the volleyball team players distinguished secondary school students – Education of Karkh 3, and identifying the relationship between team cohesion and motivation for their achievement in school championship races 2021-2022, The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method and correlation. The study sample included 36 high school players in volleyball races. The fourth chapter dealt with presenting analyzing and discussing the results of the study variables, through which it was reached achieving research aims. The fifth chapter contained the most important conclusions and the researcher recommended importance Focusing on the positive appearances and aspects that characterize the team and paying attention to developing the spirit of victory among the players

The Islamic thought has suffered from the problem of Western intellectual proposal, to replace the Islamic reference with the Western idea, and since then the thinkers and the reformers are trying to get out The reformate's are trying to get out of this problem and reformulate the Islamic mentality, including the scholar Mortaza Motahhari as an effective scientific personality who is one of the most important men of Islamic thought in Iran who were distinguished by intellectual production, which has left an impact on the cultural career in the Islamic world in general and the Iranian in particular

The study aimed to use the learning method by group competition and cooperative learning in developing some basic football skills for the research sample. The research sample was divided into three groups, each group consisted of 20 students from the research community.
The researcher concluded that the group competition method and the cooperative learning method are two effective methods in learning some basic skills in football. As it turned out, there is a lack of interest on the part of educational bodies in using advanced methods in physical education lessons. The competitive learning method appeared to be the most effective cooperative method in learning some Basic football skills.

The research shows one of the most important topics of the era, which is divorce. Divorce is the way to sever the marriage relationship that was founded to build the family, and the family is the basic building block for building the Islamic society. The Islamic Sharia came with an integrated system that protects the family from wandering and confusion. This Sharia is the basis of its reliance on the Holy Book of God Almighty first, then the purified Sunnah of the Prophet second, then other sources of Sharia. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the study necessitated the use of the inductive method, the deductive method, and the descriptive method. Then the research needed to be divided into an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion, and the most important results reached by the researcher were shown

The graphic image is characterized by having features and characteristics that differ from the photographic image in terms of technical and creative treatments in the representational formulation with the idea of design, which transcends the psychological dimension of the recipient as it contains a rhetorical presence based in its components on unspecified procedures of modification, change, metaphor, substitution, and other intellectual representations. Another is semantic, which contributes to the crystallization of meaning and the matching of concepts, and thus it is on par with visual discourse as a guiding media message as a means of clarification and definition.
The graphic image is also characterized by its creative artistic depth in terms of formal and relational correspondences that represent intellectual contents at all levels and take the recipient towards guidance and cognitive control and contribute to winning him over through interaction and attraction. All of these specifications are based on the principle of rhetorical representations as a link (means) of communication.

The current research aims to identify the intellectual and aesthetic levels of the school theatrical text. The research community consisted of theatrical texts submitted by Iraqi writers in the school theaters of the city of Baghdad, Al-Rusafa / 1, 2, 3 for the period from (2012 - 2022), and the number of theatrical texts reached (8 texts). A random sample of (3) play scripts was selected and presented to a group of experts to verify its validity. The research tool, represented by a form for analyzing the content of theatrical texts, was built. It included (15) paragraphs, and the researcher adopted a five-point criterion, thus the total score obtained by the text in order to achieve the objectives of the current research is equal to (75) degrees. Several statistical methods were adopted, and the most important conclusions were that the quality of all theatrical texts varied between (65% - 86%) according to the content of the analysis form. The most important recommendations are that supervisors and educational specialists of the art education subject in secondary schools pay attention to school theater as it is one of the basic goals. This material represents a purposeful educational method.

Terrorism and its effects on the art teacher from the point of view of the supervisors Current research aims to: 1- Identifying terrorism among teachers from the point of view of the specialized supervisors. 2- Knowing the significance of the statistical differences of terrorism among teachers according to the following variable: Duration of service: from (10) years to (15) years, from (16) years - (19) years, from (20) years. The research community and its sample: The research community consisted of the specialized supervisors in the six General Directorates of Education. After verifying honesty and constancy Several statistical methods were used to process the data, important results The research reached the following conclusion:
Terrorist operations of all kinds have a direct impact on the psychology of a teacher in art education

The current research aims to identify Electronic competencies and their relationship to mathematical thinking among primary school mathematics teachers ,For her research, the researcher relied on the descriptive method, and prepared a questionnaire consisting of (22) paragraphs distributed to a random sample consisting of (300) mathematics teachers affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad /The First Karkh, and it was applied in the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023 AD, and the results showed That the electronic competencies of primary school teachers came to a large degree, with the arithmetic mean (23.63) and the standard deviation (28.54), and that the relationship The mathematical thinking of primary school mathematics teachers came to a large extent Where the arithmetic mean was (6.00) and the standard deviation was (5.62).It also concluded that there were no statistically significant differences between the axes in the variables (educational qualification, gender, and years of service), and the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions in the light of these results.

The current research aims to identify advertising persuasion in multimedia and how to employ it in commercial advertising. The researcher followed the descriptive approach and the method of content analysis of the models because they are compatible with the nature of the current research.
The research community included designs for published international commercial advertisements that included the years (2019/2022), as the number of sample models (3 commercial advertisements) selected for the purposes of analysis reached 25% of the total research community.
The research came out with a set of results, the most important of which are: The image, with its various formal variations, was used as an expression and reinforcement of the persuasive content of the commercial advertisement. It formed a basis for the formal organization, and there is no doubt because the image has benefits at the level of direct communication.
The most important conclusions are: presenting the commercial advertisement was a clear method for conveying the advertising message without linguistic or visual obstacles.

The study aimed at identifying the extent to which the community culture on the educational process and its impact on the academic achievement of secondary school students in Al-Muthanna province, the study sample consisted of 731 students and 71 teachers. In order to achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was prepared, the results were discussed, and the study concluded on a set of recommendations and suggestions of them: The use of modern educational methods such as active learning, behavior modification, positive reinforcement and other methods as alternatives to school punishment. Holding educational, instructional, and guidance courses for students to raise their cultural and awareness level to instill awareness of their educational future and academic achievement

The emergence of the Internet and the information revolution led to the creation and emergence of cyberspace, a new environment in which international actors, whether states, non-governmental organizations or individuals, are able to communicate, cooperate and interact with each other. This has contributed to cyberspace becoming a new arena of conflict, as international actors use cyberattacks to inflict damage or destruction, collect information or spread propaganda, The emergence of cyberspace has led to a major shift in the nature of modern wars and the ways they are fought. Previously, wars were limited to the use of conventional military force, such as firearms, tanks and aircraft. Today, international actors can use cyberspace to launch attacks that do not require the use of traditional military force, but they may have a devastating impact on countries and societies.

The study dealt with an important segment, which is the segment of retirees in Dhi Qar Governorate for the year 2022, who had a major role during the past years in providing the best services in community service, and in Dhi Qar Governorate, retirees suffer from Multiple problems, including economic, health and social inappropriate for their age, which requires identification of their size and knowledge of their living, health and economic conditions in order to reach some proposals that would alleviate their difficult conditions. 60) years and over, the military retirees constituted (53.1%), while the civilian retirees constituted (46.9%) of their total. As for health problems, it was found that (27.3%) of the retirees suffer from diabetes and (22.0%) suffer from blood pressure diseases, which necessitates a review of their salaries to achieve what is sufficient for them to secure the necessary health care.

the aim of the research is to define the psychological empowerment and moral sensitivity of directors of educational institutions and that relationship between them, which amounted to (56) males and females. that results showed that research sample has psychological empowerment and moral sensitivity, and there is no statistically significant relationship by type associative between the two variables, recommending the use of the two research variables

The aim of our study in this research is to study Kufa in terms of its name, colonization, location, planning, and factors for choosing its location. The city of Kufa was established to be a military base for soldiers and a place of immigration for Muslims instead of Al-Mada'in. It was captured by Saad bin Abi Waqqas in the year (17 AH/638 AD) by order of Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab (may ALLAH be pleased with him). It was the second city built and established within the confines of Islam, two years after Basra, to be a place inseparable from Al Madina. From the city by sea or a natural incident, where the Muslims used to set off for Islamic conquests, and the Arabs planned for it to be one of the frontiers of the desert.

The aim of our study in this research is to study Kufa in terms of its name, colonization, location, planning, and factors for choosing its location. The city of Kufa was established to be a military base for soldiers and a place of immigration for Muslims instead of Al-Mada'in. It was captured by Saad bin Abi Waqqas in the year (17 AH/638 AD) by order of Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab (may ALLAH be pleased with him). It was the second city built and established within the confines of Islam, two years after Basra, to be a place inseparable from Al Madina. From the city by sea or a natural incident, where the Muslims used to set off for Islamic conquests, and the Arabs planned for it to be one of the frontiers of the desert.

The unequal distribution in access, use or impact of information and communication technologies between any number of groups establishes the digital gap (Digital Gap), and the necessary skill in designing is a must through specialized graphic design programs, the current research included the research problem and the need, the current research aims to go into this digital divide and answer the following question: Is it possible to apply virtual reality to modern graphic trends in interior design? The aim of this study is: to detect the digital divide in the design of virtual space between the graphic and internal specialists. The second chapter included two sections. Then the research procedures, as the researcher in the current research used the case study method (Tokyo Digital Museum) and presented the most important results, Virtual reality has been applied in the design of interior spaces in part with regard to graphic performance according to design parameters set by the interior designer.

The research aims to identify the effect of integrating the Paksa and Needham models on the ability of second-year intermediate students to have scientific alertness and their lateral thinking skills in chemistry. The researcher used an experimental design and the research population consisted of second-year intermediate students. The number of students was(68) students (34) students. Both research groups were rewarded with a number of variables. As for the research tools, the researcher prepared a scientific alertness scale consisting of (32) items and adopted a lateral thinking skills scale prepared by (Hamada, 2020). The validity and reliability of the two tools were verified. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group in the ability of scientific attentiveness and lateral thinking skills for second-year intermediate students

The current research aims to measure the effectiveness of the Landa model in developing Art education for female students of the Elementary stage. To study this, the researcher determined building teaching plans for ceramics according to the Landa Model.
The results of this research showed the following:
The effectiveness of teaching plans, according to the Landa model, in developing the skills of the students with the experimental group. Which had a positive effect to reach the desired results.