Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

The experiment was conducted in one of the plastic houses belonging to Department of Horticulture and Landscaper Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala during the cultivation season of (2015, 2016) to study the effect of the cultivars (Paris, ashbilia, Barshelona), the spraying with different concentrations of seaweed extract (0, 0.75, 1 ml.L-1) and the interaction between them on the growth and yield of eggplant. A factorial experiment was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D), with three replicates. The results showed that the Paris cultivar was significantly excelled in all traits of the vegetative growth and yield, which included plant height (52.99 cm), number of leaves(40.57 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (292.49 cm2), plant stem diameter (1.21 cm), the percentage of chlorophyll (49.64 %), as well as the yield traits which included the length of fruit (13.85 cm), Fruit diameter (5.7), weight of fruit (151.14) and the early yield for the plant (4460.30 g). The spraying with seaweed extract at concentration of (1 ml.L-1) achieved the highest averages for the traits of the vegetative growth which included Plant height (60.07 cm), number of leaves (43.08), leaves area (303.41 cm2), plant stem diameter (1.32), the percentage of Chlorophyll (50.77 %), as well as the yield traits which included fruit length (14.24 cm), Fruit diameter (6.10 cm), the weight of fruit (162.25 g) and the early yield for the plant (4666.30 g). As for the interaction between the spraying treatment with seaweed extract at a concentration of (1 ml.L-1) and Barshelona cultivar, this interaction had excelled in all the studied traits that mentioned above.

The experiment was carried out in private field in north of Babylon province at growth winter season 2017-2018, to evaluate the performance of magnetic seaweed extracts and its foliar application in the growth and yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) cultivar Paraiso. The experiment was comprised of the seaweed extract concentrations of S0: 0; S1: 2 mL·L-1 alga 600; S2: 4 mL·L-1 alga 600; S3: 2 mL·L-1 alga Al-zuhoor and S4: 4 mL·L-1 alga Al-zuhoor combined with the magnetic seaweed extract: control included MF0: without magnetic; MF1:750 guess magnetic field, or MF2: 1500 guess magnetic field. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot system within a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with magnetics extract as the main plots and seaweed extracts treatment as the sub-plot with 3 replications. The result showed the interaction between 1500 guess magnetic field and 2 mL∙L-1 alga Al- zuhoor achieved significated plant height 77.67 cm, number of leaves 28.33 leaf plant-1, secondary heads 9.67 head. plant-1 and head diameter 25.33 cm, also the treatment of MF2 with S1 arrived to 25.33 cm. The interaction of 4 mL∙L-1 alga 600 and without magnetic achieved head weight 1452 gm and total yield 34.07 ton.ha-1. The interaction of 4 mL∙L-1 alga Al- zuhoor and 1500 guess magnetic field achieved greater leaves area 8246 cm2 and heaviest secondary head 322.07 gm. The best response in plant growth, increased the head yield, with 2 mL∙L-1 alga Al- zuhoor extract and without magnetic field.

Due to the economic importance of the camels and because of the scarcity of studies that death with it in Iraq, our study aimed to investigate Trypanosoma spp by molecular methods. The current study was conducted during the period from September 2017 to the month March 2018 and a total of 200 samples were collected randomly from camels included (125( females and )75( males and two groups of ages )150( sample > 1 years and)50( sample <1year ) some of them have clinical signs and some did not show any symptoms from the slaughterhouse of Al- Diwaniya province. This study was designed to diagnose this parasite were initially diagnosed by microscopic examination and was examined by geimesa stain method and the results were positive of (76/200) (38%) Trypanosoma spp. The prevalence of Trypanosomiasis in females (57/125) (45.6%) while males (19/75) (25.3%) and in all ages. The highest incidence in months (September, October and March) (88.3%, 96.2% and 75%), respectively. Secondly the diagnosis of Trypanosoma in 50 blood samples positive microscopically using molecular techniques, which included polymerase chain reaction (conventional PCR) .The results (10/50)(20%) Trpanosoma spp and (7/50)(14%) T. evansi then DNA sequencing analysis and detecting genetic relationships (phylogenic analysis).

The study area was selected in the Abbasia district of Najaf Province, which is confined between two longitude 32° 06 42.8 ° to 32 ° 07 57.2 ° North and two latitude 44 ° 25 ° 16.4 ° to 44 ° 24 30.5° east. Coordinates of Pedons study locations were determined by GPS. Eight Pedons were detected for soils cultivated with rice, the Pedons were described morphologically. As well as interfaces samples was obtained randomly to four equal depths of 25-0 cm, 50-25 cm, 75-50 cm, 100-75 cm, for the study of spatial variability for the properties of those soils, the variability of physical properties using geological statistics, clay was the most variance of all horizons. The effective distance (Range) ranged between 91 - 180 m, followed by sand with a distance of 134 - 318 m in both horizons Ap and C1, and silt in both horizons C2 and C3, the effective distance (Range) ranged from 167 to 249 m. The trait that was less variability is the apparent density, with the distance between 368-55 m. The appropriate statistical models to describe the variability of soil properties when the geological statistics uses, and it was the spherical model and the Circular model by 50% for each. It found that the appropriate technology for obtaining soil samples be represented more efficiently, Depending on the effective range value with a strong spatial dependence of all the studied properties. As the number of samples that were calculated by the randomization law for physical properties between 5-797 samples, but when using geological statistics, the number of samples varied 5-28 sample. The soil of the study was classified under the order of modern soil composition (Entisol), under sub order of river deposits (fluvents), the great group (Torrifluvents) and sub group (Typic Torrifluvents).

The study area was selected in the Province of Maysan Hour Ouda the area . For purposes of studying the lithological discontinuities And the variability of the characteristics of the soils of the Marsh, where 6 pedons were excavated and described the prospects of the pedons as morphological and fundamental, studied the cases of homogeneity and micro lithological explosion breakdowns of these soils and their different horizons .
The results indicated that the use of the standard set by ALAsaady and Whiteside, 1982, indicated that there were 14 cases of lithologic discontinuity. The use of the standard set by Scheatzl, 1998, indicated 11 discontinuities and the use of the criterion identified by Cremeen and Makma,( 1986 ), 5cases of lithological explosion .
The results showed that the use of the Scheatzl 1998 criterion is the best criterion used to determine the incidence of lithological disintegration and homogeneity because the overall mean in these soils is -0.65 and is close to the criterion set by <0.6 .
The soil of the study according to the modern American system 2014 was classified into two levels: Entisols and Mollisols MF11, DM125, TF455, DF115, DF115 and MF12.

A factorial experiment was carried out according to randomized complete block design with three replications in Babylon governorate in two sites (Al-Basira and Al-Nakhaila) during the autumn season 2017 to study the response of three potato varieties (Rivera, Arizonaand Burren) to 4 treatments of foliar fertilization. The foliar treatments were control, 10 ml.l-1 of high potash (NPK, 0-5-30), 10 ml.l-1 of nutrient solution (nitrogen 7%, phosphorus 5%, potassium 7%, magnesium 0.5%, potassium-humate 0.5% and micro elements) and half the quantity of both fertilizers. The spraying was twice at 45 days of planting (when tubers were formed) and 14 days after the 1st spraying (when tubers were enlarged). The results were summarized as follows: Burren cultivar gave the highest plant height (63.99) cm, leaf number (55.7), leaf area (4955) cm2, chlorophyll (55.7) SPAD and leaf potassium percentage 2.01%. Spraying of high potash fertilizer was superior in plant length (61.85) cm, number of leaves (57.2), leaf area (5011) cm2, chlorophyll (57.2) SPAD and leaf potassium percentage (2.07%). Al-Basira local was superior in plant leaf number (52.3), leaf area (5052 cm2) and chlorophyll (52.3SPAD). The interaction between the varieties and the fertilization was significant in the percentage of plant dry matter.

This study was conducted to evaluated nutritional properties of some infant formulas available in the local markets and their effects on the growth and nutritional status of rats and their body organs. This experiment was designed using 42 white male rats (Albino) with initial average weight of 50±5 g, they were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats per group. The experiment continuous for 28 days during which the rats were fed on infant milk formula treatments T1, T2 and T3 to age less than 6 month (Nactalia1, Dielac1 and Evolac1) respectively, and in treatments T4, T5, T6 feed on infant milk formula for age more than 6 month (Celia2, Dielac2 and Sunny baby2) respectively, and the rest of rats in control treatment fed on standard provender and filter water. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in final weight rate of rats in T3 which was 118.7 g recording the lowest weight gained 72.8 g during the experiment period, while treatment T5 recorded the highest weight increase gained reaching 118.4 g and final weight rate (169.8 g). In control treatment was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in amount food intake compared to all other treatments, while treatments T2 and T3 have the higher and lower amount of food intake respectively. On the other hand, it was noted decrease in relative weight of rats' kidneys in treatment T1, T2 and T3 compare with the control treatment, which recorded the highest average of relative weight for rats' kidneys of 1.086 g.

A field experiment was conducted during the fall Season 2017 at the fields of Field Crop Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in order to evaluate the performance of double and Single hybrids, and their inbreds of maize in two plant densities. The Study included the comparison among five inbreds (ZM43WIZE, ZM60, ZM49W3E, ZM19 and CDCN5), ten single hybrids, and fifteen double hybrids , resulting from their crossing with two plant densities (60000, 80000 plant.ha-1). The experiments were conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, using the spilt plots arrangement, where the two densities (60000, 80000 plant.ha-1) were represented in the main plots and the 30 genotypes in the sub-plots. The results showed the superiority of the single and double hybrids over their inbreds in all the studied traits. The double hybrids (2x3) (4x5) gave the highest length of ear amounted of (19.98 cm), number of rows per ear (15.38), number of grains per ear (38.98), number of grains per plant (667.1), number of ear per plant (1.17), and the plant yield increased the accordingly reaching185.8 g per plant. The single hybrids (5 × 3) has excelled by giving it the highest plant yield amounted of 184.2 g. This was due to the superiority of the length of ear, which reached (18.42 cm), number of rows per ear (15.42), number of grains per row (35.24), number of grains per plant (653.6) and number of ears per plant (1.20).These two hybrids had highly positive heterosis and hybrid vigor in the desired direction where amounted (6.36%, 3.53%), (9.47%, 87.0%), (5.27%, 3.36%), (7.47%, 0.15%) and (14.2%, 1.44%) for the length of ear, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, and number of grains per plant, respectively. The heterosis and hybrid vigor for the hybrid (2x3)(4x5) recorded the highest value for the trait of grain yield amounted of (30.2%, 29.2%), respectively, While the hybrid (3x5) gave heterosis and hybrid vigor (5.66%, 17.4%), (26.9%, 35.5%), (20% ,20%), (8.35%, 15.4%), (1.44%, 4.18%), (13.4%, 23.3%), (44.9%, 54%) for the same traits, respectively, and it gave the highest value of total grain yield amounted of (93.8%, 90.2%). The fifth inbred excelled on the others inbred by giving it the highest yield (96.8 g). Increasing in the plant densities from 60 to 80 thousand plants ha-1 led to a decrease in the number of ears, length of ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per plant, and the individual plant yield. The interaction between genotypes and plant densities was significant for all traits except number of ears per plant.

The study was conducted during the two growth seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) at the production nursery (Saran) belonging to the Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Qarmat Ali city. The study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying Gibberellic Acid (GA3), chelated Iron and Coconut liquid on some flowering growth indicators and volatile oil yield of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. The study included 27 factorial treatments, It included combinations of three factors, namely, Gibberellic acid with three concentrations of (0, 150, 300 mg. L-1), the chelated Iron with three concentrations of (0, 50, 100 mg. L-1) and Coconut liquid with three concentrations of (0, 15, 30%). The Complete Randomized Block Design was used, with three replicates for each treatment. Thus, the number of experimental units is 81 experimental units, with a rate of 6 plants per experimental unit. So, the number of plants used in the experiment is 486 plants. The averages were Compared according to the Revised Least Significant Difference (R.L.S.D.) Test at probability level of 0.05. The following are the main results:
1- Spraying plants with Gibberellic acid at a concentration of (300 mg. L-1) led to a significant increase in the number of flowers and total flower yield and the volatile oil yield and the fresh weight for flowers, in the first season and when spraying it with a concentration of (150 or 300 mg. L-1) led to a significant increase in the percentage of volatile oil for the two seasons of study, and fresh weight for flowers in the second season.
2- Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait plant responded to spraying with chelated iron, spraying it with a concentration of (100 mg. L-1) led to a significant increase in the number of flowers, the fresh weight of the flowers, total flower yield, the percentage of volatile oil and the volatile oil yield for the two study seasons.
3- The spraying of plants with coconuts at a concentration of 30% had a significant effect on the number of flowers, total flowers yield and volatile oil yield for the two study seasons, When spraying it with a concentration of (15% or 30%) led to a significant increase in the percentage of volatile oil for the two study seasons.
4- Bi-interactions and triple interactions had a significant effect for most flowering growth indicators and volatile oil yield for the two study seasons.

A field experiment was conducted during the Autumn Agricultural season for 2017 in two fields of yellow corn farmers in Babylon province with two locations, The first one in the center of Al-Hillah city within the latitude line 32.2513° north and longitude line 44.2352° east, the second in Abu Gharq within the latitude line 32.3146° north and longitude line 44.2217° east, to study the response of three subspecies of yellow corn are (Sweet corn and oily corn and Dent corn), Detasseling, Spraying of Gibberellic acid with a concentration of (100 mg.L-1) and their interaction treatments in growth of yellow corn (Zea mays L.) and grain yield, The experimental treatments were distributed in the factorial experiment according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three subspecies of yellow corn are (Sweet corn and oily corn and Dent corn), The second factor was the Detasseling for the plants of the two intermediate lines of each treatment when the lateral vegetative bud is transformed into a tasseling. The third factor was the spraying of Gibberellic acid at a concentration of (100 mg.L-1), The results showed that there was a significant response to subspecies of yellow corn and spraying of Gibberellic acid in most growth and yield indices. The treatment of subspecies oily corn, the Detasseling and spraying of Gibberellic acid at the concentration of (100 mg.L-1) was excelled by giving it the highest averages in the indices of vegetative growth, the height of the plant and the number of total leaves and the leaves content of total chlorophyll pigments while the Dent corn treatment was excelled in the number of grains in the plant, the number of grains in the cob, the weight of 500 seeds, the grains yield and the productivity of the plant amounted of (172.1, 188.4 cm.plant-1, 13.72, 13.90 leaf.plant-1, 73.89, 77.62 SPAD, 622.1, 1.80, 1.87 cob.plant-1, 424.2, 436.4 grain.cob-1, 157.9 162.8 g, 93.93, 78.92 g.plant-1 and 4.978, 4.182 ton.ha-1), respectively.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2017 at the Agricultural Research Station, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, Al- Jadriya, in order to determine the effect of bio-fertilization on some traits of growth, yield, its components, and oil yield for different cultivars of Flax. The experiment was applied in the order of split plots, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), three replicates. The main plots included three cultivars of flax (Syrian, Egyptian and Iraqi), while the sub- plots represented three treatments for bio-fertilization (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense and mixture of two fertilizers) as well as treatment of chemical fertilizer NPK with recommended quantities (90 kg N.ha-1 and 120 kg P.ha-1 and 80 kg K.ha-1) and the control treatment (without bio-fertilization or chemical fertilization). The results showed that the Syrian cultivar achieved the best results for the number of main branches, the number of secondary branches and the number of fruit branches (5.11, 20.00, 111.75 branch.plant-1), respectively, the number of capsules (95.18 seed.capsules-1), the number of seeds in capsule (7.85 seed.capsule-1), the seeds yield (1.192 tons.ha-1) with an increase of (52.6, 17.4%) compared for the seeds yield of the Egyptian and local cultivars, respectively, As well as its superiority by giving it the highest average for oil yield amounted of (0.433 tons.ha-1), While the Egyptian cultivar by giving it the highest average weight of 1000 seeds (7.97 g), and the local cultivar achieved the highest average of the plant height (78.0 cm). The results showed that the bio-mixture treatment achieved the best results for plant height (76.2 cm) and the number of main branches, the number of secondary branches and the number of fruit branches (5.11, 20.01, 111.78 branch.plant-1), respectively, number of capsules (95.21 capsule.plant-1), the number of seeds in the capsule (7.90 seed.capsule-1) and the seed yield (1.112 tons.ha-1), with an increase of 39.0% for the control treatment, As well as its superiority by giving it the highest average of oil yield amounted of (0.406 tons.ha-1), while the bio-fertilizer treatment (P. Fluorescens) has excelled by giving it the highest average weight of 1000 seeds (8.19 g). The effect of the interaction between the two factors of the study was significant in the studied traits. In the bio-mixture treatment, the Syrian cultivar achieved the best results for most traits except the plant height, Where the local cultivar was excelled in it at the bio-mixture treatment and the weight of 1000 seeds, which the Egyptian cultivar has excelled when treating it with bio-fertilizer (P. fluorescens).

The experiment was conducted in Al-Qasim district, Al-Bosmik village, Babylon Province in the season 2017 with three factors. The first factor was three agricultural media [soil only, soil + organic substance (Peat moss) with ratio of 1:1, soil + organic substance (Peat moss) with ratio of 1:3] which is symbolized by B1, B2 and B3, respectively. The second factor is the quality of irrigation water at four levels (1.2 river water, 4.48, 7.58, 10.46 ds.m-1 drainage water), which is symbolized by W1, W2, W3 and W4 Respectively, the third factor is two pomegranates cultivars (Wonderful and Salimi) which is symbolized by V1 and V2 respectively and interaction between them. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), with three replicates, each replicate containing 24 treatments with 4 seedlings per experimental unit. The arithmetic averages were measured according to the least significant difference (LSD) %. The results showed that pomegranate seedlings grown in the media of 1 soil volume: 3 organic substance were significantly excelled on other treatments in all studied traits which included the average increase in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium (2.25%, 0.33, 2.09%, 1.29%, 0.46%), respectively. While the percentage of sodium in the leaves decreased when treating with agricultural media B3 which gave 0.68% and the electrical conductivity at this media amounted of the lowest level of (4.45 ds.m-1). As for the source of irrigation water, the drainage water (10.48 ds.m-1) which is symbolized by W4 gave the lowest averages in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium (1.45%, 0.18%, 1.13%, 0.63% 0.24%), respectively, obtaining the highest average for the two traits of the percentage for sodium (1.23%) and the electrical conductivity of (7.63 ds.m-1) in this treatment. The results showed that the Wonderful cultivar V1 was significantly excelled in the traits of the percentage for (Mg, Ca, K, P, N) which amounted of (1.97%, 0.28%, 1.64%, 1.06%, 0.37%), respectively compared to Salimi cultivar, the results also showed a decrease in both the percentage of sodium and the electrical conductivity in the soil of the wonderful cultivar compared to the soil of the Salimi cultivar.

A field experiment was conducted in the fields belonging to College of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib on January/ 29/ 2017 to study the effect of nine treatments of two microorganisms: Azotobacter vinilandi and Pseudomonas fluoresces, spraying with the Biozyme on two potato cultivars (Everest and Riviera), with Elite order. The treatment included (the control treatment, treatment of whole Recommended chemical fertilizer), as well as (treatment of Pseudomonas only, treatment of Azotobacter only, treatment of both types of bacteria, treatment of Biozyme only, the bi-interaction treatment between Pseudomonas and Biozyme, the bi-interaction treatment between Azotobacter bacteria and Biozyme, treatment of both types of bacteria with the Biozyme) plus half of the Recommended fertilizer. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), The averages were compared at a 5% probability level, and the results of the following experiment showed:
The treatment of T8 (inoculation with A.vinlandii Bacteria and P. fluorescens Bacteria with Biozyme + half of the Recommended fertilizer) gave the highest percentage of vegetative growth Where it worked to increase the dry weight of the plant, the number of leaves and leaf area compared to the control treatment, It also gave the highest value in the number of tubers, the yield of one plant and the total yield compared with the control treatment. Everest cultivar is characterized by the dry weight of one plant, number of leaves and leaf area.

The study was conducted during the growing season of 2015, at Tawella, locating on 100 km south east of Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. The aim of this study to determine the best date of budding between two date of budding (June5 and June20) and the best concentration kinetin between three concentration of kinetins (0, 5 and 10) mg/l. The results showes that June20 recorded the maximum value for budding success percentage (73.33%), bud shoots length(64.24cm), bud shoots diameter (0.98cm) and number of leaves (21.05). But higher value of number of branches (1.53) and leaf area (30.68cm2) recorded on June 5. On the other hand 5mg/l of kinetin recorded the maximum value for bud shoots length (72.71cm), bud shoots diameter (1.05cm), number of leaves (22.28) and number of branches (1.65).Whereas, 10mg/l of kinetin recorded the maximum value for budding success percentage (85%) and leaf area(30.75cm2).
Interaction of June20 and 5mg/l of kinetin gave (90%) of budding success percentage. But, June5 and 5mg/l of kinetin recorded the maximum value (73.75cm) for bud shoot length, (1.88) for number of branches and (31.91cm2) for leaf area. However, June20 and (0 mg/l) gave the maximum value for both the bud shoots diameter and number of branches (1.18cm and 24.20) respectively.

This study was conducted during 2017 season at Bakrajo Agriculture Research Station, College of Agricultural sciences, University of Sulaimani, using split plot design the main plots conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to study the effect of three tillage systems using (Mould board plow followed by Cultivator one pass, Disk plow followed by Cultivator one pass and Cultivating one pass) and NPK fertilizer levels on growth, yield and yield components of chickpea. The three tillage systems were implemented in the main plots, three NPK fertilizer levels (0, 40 and 80) kg NPK/ha from NPK complex (15-15-15) source, were implemented in the subplot. Comparisons between means were carried out by the least significant difference (L.S.D) at 1 % and 5 % level of significance.
The results of this investigation confirm that plowing with mould board followed by Cultivator recorded the maximum values for all of the studied characters which indicate the effectiveness of this system compared to disc plow followed by Cultivator and Cultivator one pass.The application 80 Kg NPK/ha was found to be the best level for this crop.

This study was conducted during 2017 season at Bakrajo Agriculture Research Station, College of Agricultural sciences, University of Sulaimani, using split plot design the main plots conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to study the effect of three tillage systems using (Mould board plow followed by Cultivator one pass, Disk plow followed by Cultivator one pass and Cultivating one pass) and NPK fertilizer levels on growth, yield and yield components of chickpea. The three tillage systems were implemented in the main plots, three NPK fertilizer levels (0, 40 and 80) kg NPK/ha from NPK complex (15-15-15) source, were implemented in the subplot. Comparisons between means were carried out by the least significant difference (L.S.D) at 1 % and 5 % level of significance.
The results of this investigation confirm that plowing with mould board followed by Cultivator recorded the maximum values for all of the studied characters which indicate the effectiveness of this system compared to disc plow followed by Cultivator and Cultivator one pass.The application 80 Kg NPK/ha was found to be the best level for this crop.

A field experiment was carried out during 2017, using factorial split- split- plot experiment laid out in RCBD, to investigate the effect of planting date on plant height, seed yield kg ha-1and its components of two spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under three N/P2O5 fertilizer levels. The results of experiment showed the tallest plant and greater yield and yield components (number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, length of pod (cm), pods weight (g) per plant, number of seed per pod, 1000 seed weight (g), biological kg ha-1, and harvest index were obtained at earlier planting date (7th March) and under 90/60 kg N/P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer by Dunkild variety with values (105.40, 12.33, 82.33,7.09, 7.08, 17.57, 3.13, 781.15, 266.19 and 0.34) respectively, for all mentioned parameters in comparison with Sherally variety under other N/P2O5 levels and late planting date.

A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad to study the effect of spraying different concentrations of potassium sulphate 44%K as a source of potassium element in four concentrations (0,2000,4000,6000) mg K.l-1 and refer to them K0, K1, K2 and K3 respectively and were considered as main plot and zinc sulphate 22%Zn as a source of zinc element in three concentrations (0, 30, 60) mg Zn.l-1 and refer to them Zn0, Zn1 and Zn2 respectively for the spring season 2017. Split plot experiment in Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was adapted where potassium factor represented main plot and zinc factor in sub-plot .The means were compared at least significant difference (L.S.D) at 0.05 probability level. Results showed that spraying of potassium K2 superior increased plant high to 114.36 cm.plant-1, leaf area to 271.46 dcm2, total chlorophyll to 60.54 mg.100g-1 fresh weight, fresh pods number to 59.22 pod.plant-1, fresh pod weight to 5.59 g.plant-1, plant yield to 331.84 g.plant-1. While Zn1 significantly increased plant high to 111.60 cm.plant-1, leaf area to 267.86 dcm2, chlorophyll to 52.11 mg.100g-1 fresh weight, fresh pods number to 56.82 pod.plant-1, fresh pod weight to 5.25 g.pod-1, and plant yield to 301.39 g.plant-1

A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad to study the effect of spraying different concentrations of potassium sulphate 44%K as a source of potassium element in four concentrations (0,2000,4000,6000) mg K.l-1 and refer to them K0, K1, K2 and K3 respectively and zinc sulphate 22% Zn as a source of zinc element in three concentrations (0, 30, 60) mg Zn.l-1 and refer to them Zn0, Zn1 and Zn2 respectively for the spring season 2017. Split plot experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was adapted where potassium factor represented main plot and zinc factor in sub-plot .The means were compared at least significant difference (L.S.D) at 0.05 probability level. Resulted showed that spraying of potassium K3 significantly increased germination percentage to 92.22%, speed germination to 10.28 day, Specific gravity to 98.09 seed.5g-1, oil percentage to 21.82%, carbohydrate percentage to 33.98% protein percentage to 22.01%. While Zn2 significantly increased germination percentage to 90.67%. Speed germination to 9.99 day, Specific gravity to 97.93 seed.5g-1, oil percentage to 20.66%, carbohydrate percentage to 33.42% protein percentage to 21.70% compare to control.

Factorial experiment within RCBD with three replications were carried out in Babylon Governorate at two sites (L1 and L2) during the autumn season of 2017-2018 to study the response of three potato varieties (Rivera, Arizona and Burren) to four spraying treatments of foliar fertilizers. The foliar fertilizers treatments were: (F1) high potash (NPK, 0-5-30), (F2) nutrient solution (N 7%, 5% P, K 7%, 0.5% Mg, K-humate 0.5% and micro elements) at 10 ml/L, (f3) half the quantity of both fertilizers, as well as (F4) control (spraying with distill water only). The spraying was applied twice: after 45 days of planting (tubers formation stage) and then 14 days later (tubing expansion stage). The results showed that Burren variety was superior in plant yield and the total yield (469.5 g, 468.7 g and 24.88 t.ha-1 and 20.29 t.ha-1) respectively. The highest potash fertilizer achieved the highest yield of plant and the marketing yield (441.0 g, 439.9 g and 20.81 t.ha-1 , 21.84 t.ha-1) respectively. The interaction between cultivars and spraying treatments had a significant effect on percentage of dry matter and starch. Burren variety with high potash fertilizer gave the highest dry matter (18.33 and 18.25 %) for both locations, respectively.

The plastic-house experiment was carried out at University of Sulaimani, College of Agricultural Sciences during the growing season of 2016-2017 to determine the effect of soil and foliar application of humic acid on yield and yield components of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var Romaine). Four humic acid concentrations (ml.L-1) were sprayed, and soil application of humic acid in four levels that were soil addtions. The design of experiments was a Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with three replications. The seeds were planted in October 2016; moreover, the lettuce seedlings were transplanted in Novrmber 2016 to the experimental area. The results referred to the highest total yield (47.863t.ha-1) was obtained with treatment T4 followed by treatment T1. Foliar application of 4.5 ml.L-1 humic acid (T3) recorded significantly highest plant height as compared with control treatment. In addition the highest values of (TSS) were obtained by soil application (T6) at rate 3.5 ml/L. The data showed that there were no significant differences in the amount of the N, P, K and nitrate in the lettuce product.

The school building is considered the most important educational environment because it represents an important center from the education centers. Although most of the architectural studies are limited to studying the design of its external spaces, this research conducted as a study to evaluate the design drawings for the external school spaces with the aim of social, recreational and educational communication for students. Through this study, the researcher hopes to contribute to the availability of a basic base of scientific research information in the design steps for the external open spaces for school buildings and using modern techniques AutoCAD and 3D Max programs.

This study was conducted in the field of poultry birds belonging to the Department of Livestock, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 17/10/2014 to 29/11/2014, and then followed by laboratory work. This research aims to study the best concentrations of Lycopene added with diet in reducing the thermal stress exposed to quail birds in the experiment. In the experiment, a 300 unsexed quail chicks were used, the chicks were raised on ground mattresses, with age of (1-8) and then transferred to pens. Lycopene was added to the diet from the age of 8 days to the age of 42 days. Chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) which represent the addition of lycopene to diets at levels of (0, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg lycopene/kg feed), respectively. The results of the experiment indicated to obtain a significant increase in the H / L ratio for the birds of the T1 treatments compared to the treatments (T2, T3, T4, T5) while no significant differences were recorded between the two treatments (T4, T5) in the same trait. As for the percentage of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb), a significant increase (P˂0.01) was observed in the percentage of PCV and Hb for the T3 treatment compared to the control treatment, As for the trait of the concentration of glucose and the concentration of triglycerides (g / 100 ml serum) in the serum of birds, it was noted the continued superiority of the T4 treatment on all the treatments of the experiment. while the T5 treatment recorded highly significant excelling (P <0.01) in the average concentration of cholesterol on the rest of the treatments. As for the percentage of total protein, a significant (P˂0.05) excelling was observed for the T5 treatment on the rest of the treatments. As for the concentration of globulin, it was observed that there was a significant excelling (P˂0.05) for the T5 treatment on the treatments of the experiment. We conclude from this study that adding lycopene to quail diets works on increasing the percentage of the physical traits for the blood and the percentage for some blood biochemical traits.

The experiment was conducted in a special field in Al-Radwaniya region, southwest of Baghdad, for the season of 2016 to study the effect of two cultivars of watermelon (King and Charleston), which it is symbolized by (V1, V2), respectively, and irrigation period (5, 10 and 15 days), which it is symbolized by (W1, W2, W3), respectively, in some vegetative growth and yield indicators. The seeds were cultivated on 12 March 2016 and the soil addition (N, P2O5, and K2O) were used with a ratio of (120: 160: 100 kg.ha-1). The area of experimental unit amounted to (12.5 m2) (2.5 m length x 5 m width). The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were applied in three replicates and the amount of water was calculated for each of the treatments (5, 10, 15 days) using the water requirements for the crop which amounted to (600 mm) during the season. The results showed that King cultivar was excelled in all vegetative and yield traits, the irrigation period (5 days) gave a significant increase to the same traits of the study. As for the interaction treatment between King cultivar and the irrigation period (5 days) (V1W1) gave a significant increase in the traits of the study, where gave the highest value for the plant length (3.79 m), the number of main branches (6.70 branches.plant-1), the number of leaves (776.0 leaves.plant-1), the dry weight of the total vegetative (416.0 g.plant-1), the number of fruits (2.25 fruit.plant-1), the average weight of the fruit (5.36 kg.fruit-1), Plant yield (12.07 kg.plant-1), and the total yield (96.53 tons.ha-1).

This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse belonging to one of the private nurseries located near the Federal Court of Babylon for the spring season of (2017), for studying the effect of three Culture Medias of (loamy sand+ Peat Moss, loamy sand+ plant wastes, loamy sand+ sheep manures), three levels of bio-fertilizers (Without addition, Azotobacter, Mycorrhiza), spraying with Potassium sulfate and at three levels is (0, 1, 2 g.L-1). The study was conducted as a factorial experiment (3 × 3 × 3) according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D), with three replicates, each replicate containing 27 treatments, and the averages were compared according to the least Significant difference test (L.S.D) below the 5% probability level. The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
The results showed that the treatment of (loamy sand+ sheep manures) was significantly excelled by giving the best values for most of the studied traits for the Gladiolus plant. The most important of these were the plant height of (139.40 cm), the leaf area of (1933.01 cm2), The percentage of dry substance in the leaves is (25.08%), the percentage of carbohydrates in leaves is (7.83%), the flowering date of (88.76 days), the flowers number on the inflorescence is (11.35 flowers / inflorescence), Flower duration on the plant of (10.20 days), vase life of (13.77 days), Corm number of (2.41 corm.plants-1), the results showed that the treatment of the bio-fertilizer (Mycorrhiza) was significantly excelled on the other treatments by giving it the best values for all the studied traits. The results showed a positive role for spraying with potassium sulfate. The spraying treatment with a concentration of (2 mg.L-1) was significantly excelled on all studied traits. In addition, the interaction of (loamy sand+ sheep manures+ Mycorrhiza + potassium sulfate at a concentration of 2 mg.L-1) was significantly excelled than the other interaction treatment by giving the highest values in plant height of (161.44 cm), leaf area of (2749.36 cm2), percentage of dry matter in the leaves of (34.59%), percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves (10.71%), flowering date of (75.37 days), flowers number on the inflorescence (14.86 flowers / inflorescence), Flower duration on the plant of (13.77 days), vase life of (16.84 days), Corm number of (3.83 Corm.plants-1).

Two field experiments were conducted in the field of medicinal plants belonging to College of Agriculture, the University of Basra during the agricultural seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) with clay loam soil. The study included six treatments which are the combination between two planting dates (1/11 and 1/12), the cultivating with three plant densities (20, 30, 40 kg.ha-1) and their interactions in the activity of methanolic extract for the leaves and seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) as Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The highest anti-inflammatory effect in vitro for the methanolic extract for the leaves and cultivated seeds of the plant at 1/11 with a plant density of (20 kg.ha-1), which amounted of (97.80, 94.78, 98.0, 96.3), respectively, and anti-oxidant activity amounted to (98.04, 95.67, 66.58, 55.11%), respectively. Treatment with Flavonoids for the leaves or seeds of flax plant had an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo that was close to the activity of Diclofenac drug.

Two field experiments were conducted in the field of medicinal plants belonging to College of Agriculture, the University of Basra during the agricultural seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) with clay loam soil. The study included six treatments which are the combination between two planting dates (1/11 and 1/12), the cultivating with three plant densities (20, 30, 40 kg.ha-1) and their interactions in the activity of methanolic extract for the leaves and seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) as Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The highest anti-inflammatory effect in vitro for the methanolic extract for the leaves and cultivated seeds of the plant at 1/11 with a plant density of (20 kg.ha-1), which amounted of (97.80, 94.78, 98.0, 96.3), respectively, and anti-oxidant activity amounted to (98.04, 95.67, 66.58, 55.11%), respectively. Treatment with Flavonoids for the leaves or seeds of flax plant had an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo that was close to the activity of Diclofenac drug.

The experiment was conducted in one of a private field during the winter season (2017-2018) in Babylon province, Al-Taliaa district, to know the effect of spraying number (one, two, three spraying) and the type of growth regulators (GA3, NAA, GA3×NAA) as well as control treatment on growth Indicators (plant height, the number of secondary branches, the number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, total chlorophyll pigments in leaves), leaves yield (fresh weight, the dry weight, the yield of unit area from the fresh and dry leaves) and antioxidant activity of seeds (total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant capacity and The percentage of free radical scavenging). The treatments were distributed on factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design, with three replicates, the averages were compared by using least significant difference at probability level of 0.05. The results showed that there were significant differences in the number of sprayings and the type of growth regulator in most Indicators of growth and fresh and dry leaves yield. The treatment of twice spraying with NAA gave the highest values in the seeds content of total phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity amounted of (257.88, 53.69 mg 100 g-1 dry weight). The treatment of Twice spraying with GA3×NAA gave the highest averages in the percentage of free radical scavenging in seeds amounted of (79.83 %).

The study was conducted in Al-Rifai district, Dhi Qar province, which located between two latitude (29"44‾31° and 50" 44‾31°) and two longitude line (25" 06‾46° and 27"07‾46°) for the purpose of identifying and comparing spatial Variability in the properties of morphological and physiochemical soil within different physiologic units in the lower sedimentary plain in southern Iraq. The soil samples were collected from three pedons represented by the traces of the river, river banks and river basin in three locations parallel to Al-Gharaf River which located within Al-Rifai district, Dhi Qar province during the period from November 2015 to April 2016. The results of the physical analyzes showed that the predominant textures were sandy loam and loam, with a percentage of 33.34% for each of them, The general average for apparent density values for the pedons (1, 2, 3) amounted to (1.50, 1.48, 1.43 μg.m-3), respectively. The saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of all the pedons was classified on the basis of their general averages to the medium velocity class according to an assessment [20]. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the soil of the first pedon recorded the highest content of the organic matter amounted to (6.43 g.kg-1) followed by the second pedon amounted to (4.08 g.kg-1) while the soil of the third pedon recorded the lowest content amounted to (2.65 g.kg-1), all locations showed high content of calcium carbonate, with an average of (219 g.kg-1) within a range of (262-168 g.kg-1). The results showed that the lowest Coefficient of Variance recorded for the traits of the pH, apparent density, porosity, and calcium carbonate levels amounted to (2.25, 6.04, 7.16, 12.41%), respectively, indicating a slight Covariance and state of homogeneous, while there were medium Covariance and state of heterogeneous for the traits represented by the sand, silt, clay, the salinity, and the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, where the Coefficient of Variance for these traits amounted to (31.39, 34.24, 35.30, 47.06, 54.30%), respectively. The results of the field and laboratory studies showed that the soil of these locations belongs to the subgroup (Typic Torrifluvents).

The study was conducted on the two cultivars of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) plant are white Snapdragon and yellow Snapdragon, to compare the covers with concentrations (0, 4, 8%) of copper sulfate. A factorial experiment was conducted according to Complete Randomized Blocks Design, with three replicates and nine plants for each replicate. The results showed significant differences in vegetative and flowering traits for the growing plants under the filtered covers with two copper sulfate concentrations compared to the control plants. where the results of vegetative growth showed a significant decrease in plant length and significant increase in the number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, the percentage of chlorophyll and the leaves content of carbohydrate, While the results of flowering growth showed a delay in the time of the flowering of the first floret and a decrease in the length of the main inflorescence for the growing plants under the coated covers with both copper sulfate concentrations compared to the control plants.

The study was conducted in order to identifying the kinetic behavior of the magnesium ion in different soil salinity and texture. Five different locations were selected from the soils of the Middle Euphrates provinces, (Aufi village and Al Kifil district - Abu Najm marsh (Sabkha)) and Najaf province (Kufa district - Hasawiya village) and two sites of Diwaniyah province, one of Shoura and the other Sabkha (AL Sudair district). The selection was made on the basis of variation in salinity levels 13.61, 163.76, 22.21, 215.6 and 234.16.ds.m-1, respectively, and texture clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, silt loam and clay respectively. These soils were treated with three water types which at different ionic strength such a river water, a well and a Drainage that ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 and 0.09 mol, respectively. It was found that the efficiency of washing increased by increasing the number of wash cycles and that the Cumulative electrical conductivity values for the study soils were 23.50-941.42 ds.m-1. Magnesium release values cumulatively ranged between 308.29-3.10 cmol. Kg-1. The lowest value for cumulative electrical conductivity and Magnesium release cumulatively was found in the Awfi village that treated with river water and highest value in AL Sudair district (Sabkha ) treated with Drainage water. Two kinetic equations were applied to describe the kinetic behavior of magnesium ion release, namely the parabolic diffusion equation and the Power function equation. Both equations were applied using Statistica. The results showed the superiority of the Power function equation on the Parabolic diffusion equation by giving the highest determination coefficient of (R2 0.987) and the lowest a standard error of (SE 0.045) for the soils irrigated with Drainage water of AL Sudair district, and the values of the magnesium release rate range of (6.451-0.251).

A factorial experiment with split-split-plots was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates during the 2017 winter season in one of the non-heated greenhouses with dimension of (9 × 25 m) in one of Abu Al-Khaseeb /Hamdaan orchards, Basra, in Clay-Silty soil to investigate the effect of three factors, which included the response of two cultivars of Okra plant (Al-Knissry and Al-Batra) irrigated with water of different salinity levels (RO, 2,4,8 ds.m-1 NaCl), and external treatment with selenium (0,10, 20 mg.L-1 Na2SeO4). it was conducted by spraying on the total vegetative at a rate of one spraying every three weeks for the period after two weeks of the germination to the age of two months (three sprayings during the cultivating season), and their interactions in the yield and the qualitative traits for the Okra plant. The results were analyzed using variance analysis and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference (L.S.D) at the probability level of 0.05. The most important results can be summarized as follows:
The Irrigation with two saline concentrations (4, 8 ds.m-1 NaCl) led to reducing the number of pods per plant, the average weight of pod, plant yield, total production and the concentration of vitamin C in pod significantly, while the concentration of Total Soluble Solids in the pods increased significantly with increasing the concentration of salinity in the irrigation water. Al-Knissry cultivar was significantly excelled on the Al-Batra cultivar in the number of pods per plant, the concentration of vitamin C and Total Soluble Solids in the pods. As for the average weight of pod and plant yield and total production, in which Al-Batra cultivar was significantly excelled on Al-Knissry cultivar. The interaction between the factors experiment had a significant effect on all studied traits. The plants spraying with selenium at a concentration of (20 mg.L-1 Na2SeO4) led to a significant increase in the studied yield indicators and the concentration of vitamin C and Total Soluble Solids in the pods. The effect was increased by increasing the spraying concentration.

Kaurma is a traditional meat product that is prepared in Iraqi Kurdistan with the addition of several condiments (rosemary, sage, thyme). The effects of such condiments addition and the storage time on peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFAs), thiobarbutiric acid (TBA) and pH, of kaurma samples were investigated at 0, 30 and 60 days. Also, their effects on the sensory properties of kaurma products were evaluated. Kaurma product was made from fresh lamb meat, sheep tail fat and salt and then allocated into three treatments and one control sample without condiment. The three treatments comprised the product with the addition of either 1% rosemary, sage or thyme. They are stored at 4 °C for 60 days. PV, FFA,TBA and pH values of the treatments were determined during storage periods at 0, 30 and 60 days. Use of such condiments, particularly rosemary,in the kaurma production resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the peroxide value PV, free fatty acid FFA, thiobutyric acid TBA and pH values. Kaurma samples with condiments showed the lowest PV, FFA,TBA and pH values compared with control samples .Almost all chemical properties were significantly increased during the storage (P < 0.05). The highest rise was observed in the control samples. As the sensory scores of the samples with condiments were higher than the control at the time of observation, using natural condiments in kaurma could be regarded as an indicator for improving the quality characteristics of its production.

This experiment aimed to know the effect of using two types of nutritional flavorings for two powders of (cardamom and cinnamon) and their mixture to the diet on some immune traits and microbial colonies for the digestive tract of broiler chickens that raised to the age of (35 days), where 240 chicks of unsexed broiler chickens (Ross 308), with one day age, were used, the chicks were distributed into four treatments (60 chicks/treatment) and the chicks of each treatment were divided into three replicates (20 chicks/replicate). Chicks were fed on the initiator and final diets, with a crude protein level of (21.76, 18.88%) and metabolized energy (3000.13, 3120.98 Kcal/kg feed), respectively, added to it nutritional flavorings as follows: The first treatment (T1): The control treatment without any addition, the second treatment (T2): adding of 5 g cardamom powder/kg feed, Third treatment (T3): adding of 5 g cinnamon powder/kg feed, Fourth treatment (T4): adding of 2.5 g cardamom + 2.5 g cinnamon/kg feed. The results showed:
The adding treatment (T3) was significantly (P <0.05) excelled compared to the supplementation compared to the T1 treatment with the antibodies level against gumboro virus. A significant increase (P <0.05) was observed in the numbers of lactobacilli bacteria in the duodenum region in favor of the two adding treatments (T3, T4). In contrast, the number of coliform bacteria for the adding treatments decreased significantly (P <0.05) compared to the control treatment. It is concluded from the present study that adding nutritional flavorings (cardamom and cinnamon) and their mixture to the diet of broiler chickens achieved the highest growth for the numbers of lactobacilli bacteria and decreasing the coliform bacteria in the duodenum with an improvement in the antibodies level against gumboro virus.

In order to study the effect of organic and mineral fertilization and mulching soil on some soil traits cultivated with broccoli plant, a field experiment was conducted for the season of (2013-2014) in the field of vegetables, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib, University of Baghdad. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used within the split-plot order. The main plots included mulching soil (without M0, with black plastic M1, with blue plastic M2, with red plastic M3). While the sub-plots included five treatments: T1 Recommended chemical fertilizers (RCF), T2 Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) 5% of soil volume + 75% mineral fertilizer, T3 Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) 10% of soil volume + 50% mineral fertilizer, T4 Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) 15% of soil volume + 25% mineral fertilizer, T5 Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) 20% of soil volume. The results showed the superiority of the T5 treatment by giving it the highest soil content of organic matter (18.37 g.kg-1 soil) and the highest concentration of ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus and potassium availability in the soil (16.43 mg.kg-1 soil, 25.70 mg.kg-1 soil, 18.81 mg.kg-1 soil, 293.8 mg.kg-1 soil), respectively. The lowest value of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH compared to the T1 treatment. The M1 treatment was characterized by rasing a content of organic matter in soil (11.55 g.kg-1 soil), ammonium (14.12 mg.kg-1 soil), nitrate (23.07 mg.kg-1 soil), phosphorus availability (14.89 mg.kg-1 soil) and potassium availability (257.0 mg.kg-1 soil) compared to the lowest value at the M0 treatment.

In the spring season (2014), six inbreds of sunflower (C, Q, F, I, E and A) were introduced in full diallel cross to obtain 15 single hybrids and 15 reciprocal hybrids. The seeds of genotypes (parents and single and reciprocal hybrids) were cultivated in a control experiment using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates in the fields of a farmer in Al-Kifl district, south of Babylon province during the autumn season (2014). The data were taken for the traits of a number of seeds in the disc, the weight of 100 seeds, the seed yield of the plant, the percentage of oil in the seeds and the oil yield in the plant in order to study the additive and dominance genetic variance and average degree of dominance and the percentage of heritability in the broad and narrow sense. The average of square genotypes (parents and diallel and reciprocal crosses) were significant at a probability of 1% for all studied traits. The (^2 gca)/(^2 sca ) and (^2 gca)/(^2 rca ) ratios were less than one for all traits. The average degree of dominance for diallel hybrids (ā) and the reciprocal hybrids (ā˗r) was greater than one in all studied traits. The values of broad-sense heritability were high for all traits, while its value in the narrow sense is high in reciprocal hybrids for the trait of the weight of 100 seeds and medium in their reciprocal hybrids, and low in diallel hybrids and medium in reciprocal hybrids for the number of seeds in the disc and the percentage of oil. As for the rest of the traits were low in its diallel and reciprocal hybrids.