Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

A field trial was conducted in the winter season of 2012 – 2013 at AL-Mahanwiyah experimental farm which belongs to the extension training center –Babylon governorate (Latitude North and East). The objective was to investigate the effect of water deficit on the growth and yield of seven wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivumL.) . This trial was arranged as a split plot in the Randomized complete Block Design with three replicates . Treatments at irrigation (irrigation after 50% depletion of available water (S0) , irrigation after 75% depletion of available water (S1) and irrigation after 90% depletion of available water (S2) )occupied the main plots . While varieties occupied the sup-plots .

The study in three sites in gardens of the palm in preservation executed at Al-Basrah governorate imitated in (Shat Al-Arab, AlHartha, Fao) for studious impact labors of the representing production in the agricultural sites and deported his the fruit indicated (Hbaabwk , Jmry , Khalal) and the overlap in the elements in what in between them in the physical characteristics and anatomic for fruits palm of the dates is category Evidence of results studious indeed there moral impact for the agricultural site in the studied characteristics than signed excellence Shat Al-Arab in giving superior of increase moral in the characteristics physical (physiologically) and anatomic just as noticed that there moral impact for deported his the fruit indicated where the physical characteristics and anatomic took shackle studious so the moral increase and progress stages of the different growth (Hbaabwk , Jmry , Khalal) sleeve the evident results that for situation the overlap the evident site agricultural and deported his indicated (fruit) moral impacts in the physical characteristics and anatomic and leads the equality gave (Shat Al-Arab site + Khalal stage) superior modified to weighed and lengthens and trains of the fruit (2.273 g (w) 3-2 centimeter and 2.68 centimeter) on the succession measurement in the treatment last Shackle studious whereas treated gave his the overlap (Shat Al-Arab site + Khalal stage) the growth in average afflicted to the square cells in the millimeter enumerate the one losing realization with the treatment (Fao site + Hababuk) the growth standard in treatments the overlap. The other as for in the ratio to length and region acetic losing was for practical his the overlap positive impacts in increase of modified length and region acetic and treated fulfilled his the overlap (Shat Al-Arab site + Khalal stage) moral superior of increase for modified my throughout and trains acetic in the textile fruit (11.260 and 8.500) micro metric on the succession standard in the treatments last shackle studious evident sleeve studious results that for the agricultural sites positive impacts in increase of the characteristics physiologically shackle studious then signed excellence Shat Al-Arab in giving modified superior for the content kiroteen for the fruits in end deported Khalal stage (4.08) finances mg/100 g and measurements of measurement in the content carotene (3.69 and 2.19) finances mg/100 g for signed Hartha and Fao on the succession and leads site of Shat Al-Arab gave moral superior of increase in attributed the fruits and be noisy in Ratab stage deported his damp in happening 87.230% standard in ratios his the fruits be noisy for signed Hartha and Fao (76.440% and 69.780) on the succession.

This experemint was conducted in the orchard of horticulture and landscape department – college of agriculture – university of Baghdad during the growing season of 2012 To study the effect of foliar spray of GA3 0,100 mg.l-1 and Growmore 0,5,10 gm.l-1 dissolved in medicated water by magnetic 0,1500 gausses on the growth of apple sapling two years old , the results showd that the spray by GA3 100 mg.l-1 and growmore 10 gm.l-1 dissolved in medicated water by magnetic 1500 gausses give best results in leaves content of Chlorophyll 49% SPAD Units , N1.92% ,P 0.28% ,K 1.70% whereas the lesser results in leaves content Chlorophyll 30.67% , N0.85% ,P 0.11% and K 1.12% got by control.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis on control to tomato seed decay and seedling death caused by Rhizoctonia solani Antagonism experiment revealed a significant effect of B. subtilis on reduction in the mean of radial growth of fungus , the radial growth was 19.65mm in present of Bactria , these were significantly different with control treatment that produced mean growth of 60.00 mm ,the inhibition rate was 67.25% . The bacteria produced good protection to seeds and seedling of tomato from the infection of this fungus .We noted that increase the concentration of the bacteria B. subtilis to control fungus R. solani was a significant, where the seeds rot at a concentration 5% ,20 and seedling infected 65 but at a concentration 20% was for seeds 2 and seedling 7 when cover seeds with bacteria, but when add bacteria to the soil were seeds rot at a concentration of 5% 72 and the infected seedling was 7. It was also showed that there are significant differences between different added as the cover seeds with bacteria to protect it from fungus R. solani was more significant than if added bacteria to the soil directly to protection from the fungus, where it was at a concentration 20% the seeds rot 2 and seedling infected 7, and when contaminate bacteria with soil to protect seeds from fungus at a concentration 20% the rotten seeds were 19 and seedlings infected 26.

A field experiment was carried out 2012-2013 on a silt clay loam soil , to study the effects of nitrogen and intercropping of wheat with some legumes on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) A factorial experiment in completely randomized block design with three replicates . consisted two level of nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 50 kg Nha-1 ) and seven cropping systems treatments : wheat , bean , berseem and grass pea as (a sole) and Intercropping of wheat with (bean , berseem and grass pea ) . the area experimental unit was 3mx5 The legumes were sown on October 15, while the wheat was sown on November 25, the nitrogen fertilizer was adders as urea (46%N).

The Survey process Was Conducted in different periods during Spring months ,2002. The infection percentages ranged from 3 to 19%.Erwinia Caroto . isolations that had been taken from these four Storages were identified and had been found that this bacteria was responsible for making this disease inside these storages. Many isolated bacteria that belong to both genus and species were grown at potato dextrose agar (PDA) and McConkey medium . The factors affected the pathogenic ability of Erwinia Caroto . were : temperature , humidity , potato sensitivity , potato wounding and pollution , and the time between wounding and the hading wounds The Study showed that the period 15 days was the best period of heeding wounds when the temperature was 21co at infection volume 5.9ml .Diamont Variety was more sensitive than Desiree variety to be infected by Erwinia Caroto . bacteria .Ethanalic (95%) and bexanic extracts of Blue gum , Black seed , Clovetree , and thyme plants were tested by using paper discs diffusion assay method this shady showed that there was significant increase in inhibition of bacteria from the using hexanic Clovetree extract , 5000 Mgldise Compare with the other plant extracts used . Significant increase of hexanie clovetree extract and ethonolie clovetree extract had been met 100. the ared of bacterial inhibition by paper discs assay were 38 and 22ml , respectively . Hexanic Clovethee extract showed significant increase in bacterial inhibition Compare to antibiotic Agromycine using the same methed of test . the area of bacterial inhibition were 38 and 21ml , respectively

An Experiment were condacte in AL-Muskab Rice Research satation during 2009 to study some genetic parameters of rice semi dwarf and long varities and path coefficient analysis , growth , yield and yield component under different nitrogen rates . The desigh was spilt plot with RCBD arrangement in three replicates . Nitrogen rates ( 100 , 120 , 140 , 200 and 240 kg / ha ) were sub plots , while Rice varities ( 8 ) were main plots .

An Experiment were condacte in AL-Muskab Rice Research satation during 2009 to study some genetic parameters of rice semi dwarf and long varities and path coefficient analysis , growth , yield and yield component under different nitrogen rates . The desigh was spilt plot with RCBD arrangement in three replicates . Nitrogen rates ( 100 , 120 , 140 , 200 and 240 kg / ha ) were sub plots , while Rice varities ( 8 ) were main plots .

The experiment was conducted during the season of 2009 – 2010 in al-muhanawia area 10 km north east of Hilla, to study the economic return of Barcelona eggplant yield according to 3 treatments of covering by single and double covering 5 and 10 cm apart and 5 treatments of spraying with water and foliar spraying of agroleaf by 2, 4, 6 and 8 time at rate 12.5g ⁄ l.

This study was conducted in experimental field, department of horticulture , college of agriculture –university of Baghdad , in Abo Graib area for two seasons of spring for years 2011 , 2012 for potatoes yield . This study was included the effect of using of three type from nitrogen fertilizer, as well as to comparison procedure ( Zero) , and two anti- transpiration , as well as to comparison procedure ( Zero). This study was made by using the activity experiences (4*3) within the design RCBD with three repeated , therefore we have 36 experimental units , and after complete the indicators of field and laboratory study the medium was compared for account less moral difference L.S.D. at level of possibility 5% by using program of SAS in the statistics analysis.We can abstract the following results :Superiority of all the resources of nitrogen fertilizer for studded grocer descriptions with comparison procedure if give it N2A0 upper high for plant in the first season as ( 77.8 Cm. ) , and the procedure N2A2 upper high of plant in the second season , and upper leafy area in the first season as (89.4 Cm. , 5003,4 Cm2) continuously, but the procedure N2A1 gave upper rate for number of leafs , and leafy area in the second season as ( 89.5 leaf/plant , 8743 Cm2) continuously, but the procedure N3A2 gave upper number of leaf in the first season as ( 51.5 leaf /plant ) The fertilizer procedures have moral affect in the descriptions of the quantity yield , so that this procedure N1A0 passed by give it upper rate for the weight of the tubercles , and economical yield in the first season as ( 859.3 gm., and 50549 ton/H.) continuously , but in the second season the procedure N1A1 as upper rate of weight for the tubercles and economical yield as ( 1007 gm. And 69051 ton / H )

A factorial experiment was conducted in the lath house to investigate the effect of cutting type (terminal, sub-terminal) dates of planting (1/5, 1/6, 1/7/2013) and different concentrations of IBA (0,500,1000,2000 mg/L) and thier interaction on the rooting of cuttings, vegetative growth of Damas plant during summer season / 2013 under the plastic cover using RCBD design with three replicates.

An experiment of cotton variety Cocker 100 walt was conducted at kifel (20) Km north Hilla during the Season of (2010) to study the evaluation of efficiency of potassium fertilizer under different levels to nitrogen and phosphorus on cotton crop.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted in Agriculture college of Karbala university in lath house during the growing season of 2012-2013 to study the effect of different concentration of dry yeast suspension and liquorice root extraction on shoot and root growth of sour orange transplants. Three replicates were used for each treatment yeast was used at three levels (0 , 1 , 2 ) gm/L and three levels of liquorice (0 , 2 ,4 ) gm/L . The seedling were sprayed at two dates , 1/11/2012 and 15/11/2012 and they were irrigated one day before spraying time . An experiment was conducted according to the completely Randomized Design ( C . R . D ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was based on the least significant difference (P=0,05) . All measurement was taken at the mid of may Results showed that .

An experiment was carried out in one of the private field in Al-Radwaniah , western south of Baghdad to study the effect of spraying two types of organic fertilizers , Alexin [0 (control) , 1.25 g/L (Alx1) and 2.5 g/L (Alx2)] and Tronver [0 (control) , 1.5 ml/L (Tro1) and 3 ml / L (Tro2) ] using four verities of potatoes Arizona , Riviera , Ambition and Lusa class Elite . Potato tubers were planted on 2-Feb-2013 used application N,P,K 120 : 60 : 200 kg / ha . Plants were spread at 45 and 65 days after planting . Split Plot Design with three replications was used. Results showed that Ambition was superior in number of stems per plant (4.60 stem / plant) and greatest number of marketable tubers (7.05 tuber / plant) and highest average tuber weight (107.87 g/tuber) and greatest of yield per plant (788.16 g) and marketable yield (40.69 ton/ha) . Fertilizer Tro2 gave highest in all vegetable growth and yield characteristics. Treatment Ambition with Tro2 was superior in most yield characteristics , its gave greatest number of marketable tubers (8.47 tuber / plant) , highest yield per plant (947 g / plant) and greatest marketable yield (50.07 ton / ha) , while treatment Lusa with Tro2 gave greatest of average tuber weight (112.43 g / tuber). The suggestion could be made that spraying of organic fertilizer Tronver in concentration 3 ml/L , 45 and 65 after planting resulted in highest yield per plant and marketable yield and produce healthy crop contain small amount of pollution chemical.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect fertility to iron in soils from 20 sites Euphrates in the growing season ( 2012-2013 ) . The study included tow experiments the first laboratory to assess the efficiency of the four ways to extract iron and ready-to- plant and two biological experience of the first to identify the critical limit for iron soil ready. Has been added to iron metal FeSO4.7H2O (20% Fe) are two levels (5,0 ) mg . Kg -1 soil and plant wheat planting class ( Tamouz-2 ) as evidence . Use randomized complete block design RCBD averages were compared by LSD test and the level of probability of 0.05 results of the study can be summarized as follows :

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect fertility to iron in soils from 20 sites Euphrates in the growing season ( 2012-2013 ) . The study included tow experiments the first laboratory to assess the efficiency of the four ways to extract iron and ready-to- plant and two biological experience of the first to identify the critical limit for iron soil ready. Has been added to iron metal FeSO4.7H2O (20% Fe) are two levels (5,0 ) mg . Kg -1 soil and plant wheat planting class ( Tamouz-2 ) as evidence . Use randomized complete block design RCBD averages were compared by LSD test and the level of probability of 0.05 results of the study can be summarized as follows :

A field trial for exotic and local popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) varieties was carried out during fall season at Al-Tuwaitha (T) and Al- Latyfia (L) Experimental Stations, Agricultural Research Directorate. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of exotic hybrids of Popcorn, in comparison with local Shammia Babil variety, so as to identify the exceeded one that may introduce in expanded program of yield trials. Results revealed the superiority of the overall exotic hybrids in grain yield per plant except the Robust 41-10 at (T) and (L) Experimental Stations and A3004, 33103, 33101, 9330 and 12164 hybrids at (L) experimental station. The local Shammia Babil variety gave 30.2 and 38.8 g/ plant of grain yield at the two locations, respectively. No significant effect on popping expansion was observed at (T) Experimental Station, while high significant differences were observed at (L) Experimental Station for popping expansion. This result may reflect the genetic deterioration for the local variety. Pooled analysis revealed the superiority of 10 hybrids in yield, popping expansion and other agronomic characters, that may included in expanded yield trials.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the synergistic role of ascorbic (AsA) and salicylic acids (SA) through different timing of their supplying with auxin (IAA) in adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings under controlled conditions . AsA concentrations that stimulates rooting response with healthy features were 50,100,200 ppm but the best rooting response occurred at 200 ppm , that raised the rooting response to 2.3 times compared to control .The best SA concentration recorderd at 10-6 M which developed significant increase in root number 17 root compared to control 10.4 root. Using Hoagland́s solution in half strength with AsA increased roots number and length in the cuttings that treated with AsA at 100 , 200 ppm compared to AsA alone whereas Hoagland΄s solution with SA has no significant affect . AsA didn΄t act synergistically with IAA , 5 10-4 M but the best rooting response required, supplying AsA after IAA (posttreatment).SA has a synergistic action with IAA when supplied after IAA (posttreatment) .The later case raised the root numbr to 80 root comparing to SA (17 root) or IAA (70 root ) when supplied as indivisual for both .

The aim of this study is to elucidate the synergistic role of ascorbic (AsA) and salicylic acids (SA) through different timing of their supplying with auxin (IAA) in adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings under controlled conditions . AsA concentrations that stimulates rooting response with healthy features were 50,100,200 ppm but the best rooting response occurred at 200 ppm , that raised the rooting response to 2.3 times compared to control .The best SA concentration recorderd at 10-6 M which developed significant increase in root number 17 root compared to control 10.4 root. Using Hoagland́s solution in half strength with AsA increased roots number and length in the cuttings that treated with AsA at 100 , 200 ppm compared to AsA alone whereas Hoagland΄s solution with SA has no significant affect . AsA didn΄t act synergistically with IAA , 5 10-4 M but the best rooting response required, supplying AsA after IAA (posttreatment).SA has a synergistic action with IAA when supplied after IAA (posttreatment) .The later case raised the root numbr to 80 root comparing to SA (17 root) or IAA (70 root ) when supplied as indivisual for both .

The aim of this study is to elucidate the synergistic role of ascorbic (AsA) and salicylic acids (SA) through different timing of their supplying with auxin (IAA) in adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings under controlled conditions . AsA concentrations that stimulates rooting response with healthy features were 50,100,200 ppm but the best rooting response occurred at 200 ppm , that raised the rooting response to 2.3 times compared to control .The best SA concentration recorderd at 10-6 M which developed significant increase in root number 17 root compared to control 10.4 root. Using Hoagland́s solution in half strength with AsA increased roots number and length in the cuttings that treated with AsA at 100 , 200 ppm compared to AsA alone whereas Hoagland΄s solution with SA has no significant affect . AsA didn΄t act synergistically with IAA , 5 10-4 M but the best rooting response required, supplying AsA after IAA (posttreatment).SA has a synergistic action with IAA when supplied after IAA (posttreatment) .The later case raised the root numbr to 80 root comparing to SA (17 root) or IAA (70 root ) when supplied as indivisual for both .

The aim of this study is to elucidate the synergistic role of ascorbic (AsA) and salicylic acids (SA) through different timing of their supplying with auxin (IAA) in adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings under controlled conditions . AsA concentrations that stimulates rooting response with healthy features were 50,100,200 ppm but the best rooting response occurred at 200 ppm , that raised the rooting response to 2.3 times compared to control .The best SA concentration recorderd at 10-6 M which developed significant increase in root number 17 root compared to control 10.4 root. Using Hoagland́s solution in half strength with AsA increased roots number and length in the cuttings that treated with AsA at 100 , 200 ppm compared to AsA alone whereas Hoagland΄s solution with SA has no significant affect . AsA didn΄t act synergistically with IAA , 5 10-4 M but the best rooting response required, supplying AsA after IAA (posttreatment).SA has a synergistic action with IAA when supplied after IAA (posttreatment) .The later case raised the root numbr to 80 root comparing to SA (17 root) or IAA (70 root ) when supplied as indivisual for both .

This experiments was carried out in agricultural field in Alamadiya location about 23 Km south of Hillah city, during the spring seasons 2012 to study the effect intercropping and organic-mineral fertilization on growth and production potato and sweet corn, according to split plot withen randomized complete block design, with three replicates.

To study effect of genotypes different experiments were conducted uses stats hydroponics technique, to intention study effect of Fe and three levels of bicarbonate stress (0,800,1600 µM/L) ,from KHCO3 silt . Four varieties of Bread Wheat (Iraq, Tahady, Fateh and Sally). Experiment setup using Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Results of this Study showed varieties exposure to Fe stress redound in development and emersion iron deficiency. Iron deficiency differences between wheat varieties .Varieties exposure to Fe,HCO3(800 and 1600 µM/L)stress exacerbate iron deficiency phenomenon . Active iron concentration a significant decreased when varieties grown under Fe, HCO3 stress, with superior Iraq in active iron concentration (11.00 and 28.20 mg/Kg) at highest HCO3 stress (1600 µM/L) under Fe deficient or efficient respectively. All varieties given high assemble of organic acid (Malic, Citric and Oxalic) in Roots. This is clear signaler on varieties were affected to Fe and HCO3 stress. Antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD,POD,CAT) were given clear signaler on effected of wheat varieties under Fe,HCO3 stress .This is deductive on scavenging to ROS eventual from Fe,HCO3 stress.Iraq given highest values in SOD(268.2 and 112.8 u/mg p.),when growth under Fe efficient or deficient respectively. Peroxidase enzyme was difference behavior as SOD .Iraq was given highest values of POD (28.23 and 46.33 Ua/gm) under Fe and HCO3 (1600 µM/L) stress .Highest values of CAT (46.36 to 153.44 u/mg p.) Was recorded with Iraq under Fe, HCO3 stress. This study suggested capability to use antioxidant enzymes activity as important criterion to separation efficiencies varieties which tolerance Fe, HCO3 stress, and give early signaler to varieties separation to stress tolerance.

The aims of the present study are to isolate and Identify the main fungi associated with crown and root rot disease on cotton plant in Babylon province , antagonistic abilities of the some pant extracts and bioagents against of pathogen under laboratory conditions. the result showed the distribution of the disease in all fields in percentage of disease incidence 40-100% and severity 15-75%. The results of isolation and Identification showed that fungus Rhizoctonia solani is presented in the most samples they isolates were identified up to the genus and species level ,the Identification is based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The test of pathogencity of R. solani isolates showed that isolates were effect on cotton seed germination percentage, which was between 0.0-70.0%, compared to the control 95.0 %. Results showed that the pathogenic isolates caused significant reduction in stem height, wet and dry weight by increase percentage of disease incidence and severity. The effect of plant extracts on R. solani growth was different with different concentrations caused significant inhibition in growth rate of R. solani. The 10% concentration of Common Bugloss. (Anchusa officinalis) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) inhibited the fungal growth to 5.7 and 6.7cm and inhibit percentage 37.0 and 25.9% respectively whereas, the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum), extract was less effect on fungus growth in the same concentration. T. harzianum fungus had highly antagonistic ability followed by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. against the pathogenic isolate of R. solani on medium.