Al-Farabi Journal of Engineering Sciences

In this study, the quality of TGRIS River is studied at the intake of Al-Rashediya Water Station using neural network
analysis. 14 measured parameters of water quality, daily periods for 11 years (2013-2023), monthly mean averaged
were studied which are: K+, Na+, T.S.S, T.D.S, SO42-, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, T.H, Alk., E.C, pH, Turb, and Temp., from
which WQI was calculated. In this study, a sophisticated artificial neural network (ANN) model. to predict water
quality (WQIى). Neural network fitting app. is applied using multi-layer feed- forward neural network with back
propagation algorithm. The data were randomly divided into three phases, training (70%), validation (15%), and
testing (15%). Efficiency statistics were used to evaluate the model prediction abilities. The results showed that the
model performed well with high predicting ability for the water quality index (WQI), and the model performed best
with accuracy (R .9921, and MSE 221.7468) at the testing phase, which will help to enhance the WQ using cheap and
valuable method. The Predicted WQI mathematical model is estimated by the equation:
Output WQI=0.99target WQI+1.1, which can be used for the becoming years.

by its large size. The Buzurgan oil field was discovered due to the confirmation of the possibility of producing
petroleum at an economic value after observing it in the Mishrif formation (early Cenomanian-Turnian). This effort
is related to make comprehensive study of the Buzurgan oil field, this field is composed of two domes: north and
south domes. The oil zone in Buzurgan is a mishrif formation that is divided into three basic units [MA, MB, MC],
however, MB and MC are subdivided into [MB11, MB12, MBl21, MC1, MC2]. The study is done depending on
data from ten wells in this field, which are divided into 5 wells in the northern dome and 5 wells in the southern
dome. The tow Dimension model is built by using computer modeling group (CMG) software to find initial oil in
place(IOIP), the daily production was 130000 bbl./day. The oil-water contact varies from the southern dome to the
northern dome, and the water-occupied area in the northern dome is greater than in the southern dome. The analysis
of net thickness (hnet) results for the north dome and south dome showed that: h net for the south dome > h net for
the north dome. The initial pressure was 443 kg/cm2 and the bubble point pressure was 194 kg/cm2 so, the reservoir
is under-saturated. From sw –kro, krw curves, the results showed that the rock in mishrif formation is water
wettability because swc > 30% and the krw curve intersects the kro curve at sw > 50 %.

An FPGA provides the user with a high level of flexibility for rapidly constructing and testing any
hardware. Depending on the hardware to be implemented, it has a variety of gates. This paper
investigates the of novel design architecture of a High-Throughput Processor using a dual computing
engine of Visible Light Communication (VLC) system for text transfer based on Field Programmable
Gate Arrays (FPGA) using a 128-bit AES algorithm combined with a UART module for the secure
data text transceiver using the technology VLC system. In this work, we present a dual computing
engine the design has dual processing of the processor data text size of each memory of the computing
engine has 4046 words. The novel of this paper uses spatial and temporal parallelism behaviour to
custom design a dual computing engine. The spatial and temporal parallelism behaviour custom design
has dual data inputs and processing operates on a 50 Mhz clock technique via the VLC system. Finally,
the striking results technique behaviour for design performs compared to the studies our design
Frequency Maximum Fmax reach up to 173.34 MHz, time 5.76 μs and throughput of 2.772 Gbps.
Furthermore, in the comparison between the proposed design and existing studies, our technique has
higher throughput through its implementation of an FPGA DE1-SoC chipset Cyclone V SE
5CSEMA5F31C6N. Generally, the design successfully achieves its goal of testing.

Design is inherently a hybrid discipline, merging various sciences to create its
artistic and scientific foundation while connecting with numerous other fields. It
draws inspiration from art and aesthetics, natural sciences such as physics and
engineering, and the humanities, which include language, psychology, and
sociology. These scientific principles inform the development of industrial
products, striving to achieve a balance between artistic and scientific elements.
Both art and science contribute crucially to the formation of a product, resulting in
a nature that reflects this equilibrium between opposing forces.

The S-Box, also known as the substitution box, plays a crucial role in the advanced encryption standard AES,
introduced in 2001 by Rijndael, affiliated with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
The S-Box functions as a non-linear byte substitution, independently operating on each byte of a 4x4 matrix. Its
purpose is to prevent attacks that exploit simple algebraic properties used in AES and enhance nonlinearity. To
ensure the main principles established by Shannon for designing block cipher algorithms (confusion and
diffusion), AES effectively incorporates a 16x16 byte two-dimensional S-Box. Substitution is achieved through
the utilization of SubByte transform, which is used in keyschedule and in the encryption/decryption process at
each round. SubByte serves as a fundamental component of the round function. The linear attack is widely
recognized as one of the most prominent attack methods targeting the AES encryption algorithm. It exploits the
S-box by analyzing the input-output pairs at specific positions. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of this
attack and its mechanisms. In addition to employ eight S-Boxes constructed according to eight different
irreducible polynomials over GF(28). Based on the round key, two of these S-Boxes are selected for each round,
with one allocated for key schedule and another for encryption/decryption. Among the proposed S-Boxes, four
are utilized in the key schedule operation, while the remaining four are used for the encryption/decryption
operation. The discussion covers the effect of increasing algorithm complexity on the attacker and algorithm
security. The randomness properties of the generated sequences were compared between the proposed and original
algorithms using NIST tests to assess their level of randomness. Additionally, the enhanced algorithm's
compliance with cipher design criteria is assessed through Avalanche factor and Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC)
testing. Finally, this study concludes that all these measures are successful, indicating that the proposed algorithm
is suitable for cryptographic applications.

The Percentage errors in depth estimation from magnetic anomalies due to dyke-like
bodies, having various depths and inclination angles, are calculated. Two methods have been used to
estimate the depth of these bodies and then their percentage errors in depth estimation are compared.
These methods are the well-known slope-half slope method and the method adopting procedure
through using Fraser filter. The two methods have accompanied various percent errors in depth
estimation for models having various magnetic parameters. The comparison between the calculated
error values obtained from the two methods show that the differences between the maximum and
minimum percent error with various inclination angles and depths are smaller for depths estimated
by using Fraser filter procedure. Such results highlight the lesser mistakes that can be achieved if the
procedure of depth estimation using Fraser filter is considered and in addition, the ease of the
application of this procedure compared with slope method