Journal of Al-Farabi for Humanity Sciences (JFHS)

Absrtact
The key Words :_ The antiquities، judge ،respondedOne of the guarantees guaranteed by all legislation Is the recusal of the judge, that is, preventing him from considering the case brought to him, in order to reassure the litigant that the judiciary only issues the truth without bias, and so that the judiciary remains respected as a guarantee of people’s rights and freedoms. The right to challenge a judge is considered one of the basic rights of litigants. The Iraqi Civil Procedure Law No. 83 of 1969 stipulates that a judge may be dismissed for several reasons. Cases of obligatory dismissal differ from permissible dismissal of opponents in terms of a decided right for the opponents to uphold, and they also have the right to waive it by requesting a judge’s review. The lawsuit, and therefore their right to request dismissal is forfeited, and if the judge rules, his ruling Is correct and has no Invalidity in this respect

Abstrct
The foreign public order exists as an inverse image of the national public order, and it has adverse effects to what the national public order has, including the exclusion of the national public order, and it also results in the application of foreign law in preference to the national law. Therefore, we will divide this research into two sections, the first for the exceptional idea that we came up with, and the second for its implications and judicial applications.Keywords: Conflict of laws, public order, private international law

The element of the information technology revolution and the use of electronic means has witnessed many legal problems, including the emergence of so-called digital evidence and the extent of its legal value in criminal proof in the field of information crimes or so-called electronic crimes, especially with the increase in the commission of new crimes, including electronic ones, in quantity and quality at the present time, which It has pushed countries to the need to modernize their penal legislation, especially criminal procedure laws, and train their security and judicial agencies, to keep pace with developments in the field of new crimes, especially cybercrimes, by relying on modern rules of evidence “such as digital evidence” instead of traditional rules of evidence, which are no longer compatible with new developments in the field Cyber crimes.Key words :digital guide – digital proof – forensic evidence- Criminal justice

Iraq adopted the federal system as a new form after 2003, in the new Iraqi constitution of 2005, and this system is a new experience that Iraq specializes in; It was transformed from a unified state into a national state, and the experience went through major developments contradictory to the circumstances that accompanied the implementation of this system. Therefore, the study aimed to introduce the mechanism for establishing the constitutional system, the problems that accompanied its implementation, and the mechanism for distributing the distinction between the federal government and the Kurdistan Region, as it indicated a lack of clarity. . The distribution mechanism between the central government and the Kurdistan Region; There are many ambiguous constitutional texts that allow for overlapping powers, which results in many problems. The constitution recognized the Kurdistan region as essentially federal, while leaving the necessary measures to take other measures in Iraq to a law enacted by the House of Representatives deploring those measures, and the study of partial guarantees also began.

The title (The Legitimacy of Health Insurance among Institutions in Islamic Jurisprudence and Iraqi Law) and I presented it for the purpose of revealing the legitimacy of health insurance and some provisions related to health insurance transactions. After the Parliamentary Health Committee reported that the implementation of the Health Insurance Law will begin early next year, 2024. The research resulted that health insurance is an agreement under which a person or institution that undertakes to care for him commits to paying a specific amount or a number of installments to a specific party, provided that that party commits to covering the treatment. Or covering its costs during a specific period. There are five types: cooperative, mutual, social, direct, and commercial. Contemporary jurists generally agree on the permissibility of cooperative, mutual, and social insurance and prohibit commercial insurance. There is no disagreement among jurists that the agreement between institutions and hospitals to undertake to treat employees is considered a lease contract, but Jurists differ in their ruling on two opinions, the more correct of which is the view of permissibility. It is also not permissible to defraud and defraud insurance companies after contracting with them, whether the insurance company is one of the companies forbidden by Sharia law, or permissible by Sharia law. It is not permissible for a commercial insurance company to mediate in the relationship between the beneficiaries

Abstrac:
The objective of the current research is to identify the effect of stimulants of cognitive strategies on the achievement of chemistry and deep understanding among first-grade intermediate students. To achieve the two goals of the research, the following two zero hypotheses , The research sample included (60)studentsfrom the first intermediate grade students who were randomly distributed into two groups, an experimental group and a control group, each group included (30) students, the experimental group studying using cognitive strategies stimulants, the experimental and control groups were rewarded In the variables ;The achievement test and the deep understanding test were also prepared, to ensure its apparent and constructive validity, and the reliability of the two tests the difficulty coefficient equation, The researcher applied the experiment in the first and second semester of the academic year (2022-2023), and the data were processed statistically by using a t-test for two independent, equal samples. The control group studied in the usual way, and the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of the deep comprehension test, in favor of the experimental group that was taught using stimulants of cognitive strategies.key words :Perception strategies stimulants, Chemistry collection, deep understanding

Summary
of the research: The current research aimed to identify: cognitive independence among middle school students, and the effect of a guidance program using the behavioral activation method in developing cognitive independence among middle school students, through the hypothesis: There is no effect of the guidance program using the behavioral activation method in developing cognitive independence among middle school students. In the pre- and post-tests, the experimental design was chosen for the two groups (experimental and control). The researcher adopted the cognitive independence scale prepared by Witkin and others (Witkin et al, 1977) and Arabized by Al-Sharqawi and Al-Sheikh in (1977). He chose a sample consisting of (295) A student was asked to extract the psychometric properties of the scale, and the validity and reliability were verified. A sample of (24) students was selected to apply the program whose scores were less than the hypothesized average (9). The sample was divided into two groups in a random manner and the equivalence was extracted. The counseling program consisted of ten sessions, using methods Appropriate statistics through the (Spss) program, the results showed that the members of the research sample do not have cognitive independence, and there are statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the post-test, and there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group, and

The Effect of (Think-Pair-Share) Strategy on the Achievement of amusement and evaluation in fourth stage in college Students in department of Mathematics. A samfple of (50) male and fefmale Students has been chosen and distributed to two classes consisfting each (25) male and female stugdents. The first class represents the ey and thee Secoend is the ceontrol geroup whiceh studeies acceording to the treaditional Methoed. The study required two tools: the first is an acqueisitive Consisting of (25) iteems. After Collectirng and startistically anarlyzing the data by uesing the t-test for two Indeperndent samrples, the results have revearled the follorwing: the Supeeriority of the experimrental group who strudried accorrding to (thrink-Pair-share) straategy the conttrol grouping in achietvement

Middle school students، Self-management and its relationship to emotional sensitivityThe current research aims to identify self-management and emotional sensitivity among middle school students and to find the correlation according to the gender variable (males, females), as well as according to the specialization variable (scientific, humanities). To achieve the research objectives, the two researchers built a self-management scale, and adopted a scale (Abu Mansour, (2020) to measure emotional sensitivity, the results showed that students are characterized by self-management and emotional sensitivity, and there is no statistically significant relationship depending on the variable of gender and specialization, and there is an inverse relationship between self-management and emotional sensitivity

The study aimed to identify the frameworks of tourism topics in the Iraqi electronic press. The research sample represented the Iraqi newspapers (Al-Sabah, Al-Zaman, Al-Taakhi), and the units analyzed amounted to (295) topics. The survey method was relied upon, and the results indicated that Al-Sabah newspaper topped the sample newspapers. The research was based on the number of articles published during the period from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023, as the number of articles published in the newspaper reached 130 articles, representing 44.06% of the total sample size of 295, which makes it lead and become ranked first, and in second place came Al-Zaman newspaper, where It published 110 articles, with a percentage of 37.28%, then Al-Taakhi newspaper came in last place, with 55 articles, with a percentage that did not exceed 18.66%. The results also indicated that the number of topics that were submitted during the analysis period, which amounted to (295), dealt with various tourism topics, as tourism topics came Religious tourism ranked first with 79 occurrences and a percentage of 26.77% of the total. This is due to the importance of religious tourism and the large number of religious events witnessed during the analysis period. Medical tourism came in last place with 1 occurrence and a percentage of 0.33% of the total during the analysis period.Keywords: Tourism topics, electronic journalism

The Companions, may God be pleased with them, conquered the city of Damascus, then they took the initiative to arrange the administration of the city. They carried out a number of actions and appointments that led to the organization of the administration in the city of Damascus, and among those appointments was the appointment of judges, as a group of the Companions assumed the position of judge in the city of Damascus, and at the same time the Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, was appointed. He or Al-Darda', may God be pleased with them, served as a mufti in the city of Damascus. Also in the field of administration, the Companions, may God be pleased with them, arranged and created several offices that led to the organization of the city of Damascus from an administrative standpoint. Then they created new jobs that had a role in organizing and stabilizing life in the city of Damascus, and among those jobs were the veil and the personal guard of the Emir. Or the caliph and the job of the police, in addition to the job of the scribes, who are the writers who write in state departments, specifically the bureaus. .Thus, administrative life in the city of Damascus was organized early in its

Summary:
India is considered one of the most important civilizational countries in terms of its historical and economic value in the world. Therefore, throughout the stages of its existence, it was the focus of attention of influential locals and Western colonialism, especially Britain, which placed it in the rank of the jewel of the British crown. On this basis, the research presented India's political and economic conditions, Gandhi's leadership of the national movement, party activity on the Indian political scene, India's division on sectarian and ethnic lines, the bloody conflicts that occurred as a result of that division, and the international circumstances accompanying all of these events

This research seeks to identify the most important components of the dramatic structure in the poem “The Mountain” by Ibn Khafaja Al-Andalusi, given the remarkable presence that drama represents in the levels of this experience because it possesses the elements of movement and interaction. We have seen that monitoring these components in the poet’s poem contributes to identifying a rich poetic experience in the movement of our poetry. The ancient, and the richness and diversity that distinguishes it, and since the dramatic components constitute a distinct phenomenon, even if they are few compared to modern poetry, they are present and cannot be denied, and our goal is to monitor and identify them in the poetry of Ibn Khafaja, and strive to know their dimensions and mechanisms.To uncover these forgotten poetic experiences, and to study them using modern methods, especially the dramatic structure, which is an essential pillar in building the overall structure of the poetic text. The research was interested in studying dramatic structure in three axes: dialogue, characters, and conflict.
Keywords: Andalusia, dramatic structure, characters, dialogue, conflict, mountain .

These pages attempt to present a theoretical approach that combines theses, dissertations, and the body of the Iraqi novel. They also monitor the extent to which these academic studies keep pace with curricula, technologies, and topics, while focusing on the essence of the term critical reading. Therefore, we will adopt the selection of the most prominent studies as a result of our extrapolation of them, as it is known that they have produced important models. Because the process of delving into everything that has been written is an absurd and unproductive process, due to the complexity and abundance of ideas, and therefore we will address the most prominent things presented in an attempt to summarize the study or discover its essence, so we tried to summarize it as much as possible, and present a brief picture of it.The study is based on three axes that we were able to record, which are the artistic readings first, and then the readings that were directed towards the content. The Iraqi novel approached a social approach, although we believe that “it is not possible to traditionally separate form and content” (), as the content is based on ideas and emotions. that the literary work carries, while the form includes all the linguistic elements that express the content (), so these axes came for the purpose of clarification only, and then we will discuss the studies that read the novels in a cultural manner and arrived at the patterns controlling their making, whether apparent or implicit, and this summarizes the most prominent axes. Which we will adopt to keep up with the messages and theses that revolved around the Iraqi novel after 2003, especially since the period of study witnessed major transformations and various turns after the Iraqi novel dominated the cultural scene, and established its different structure from what came before, so its different star shone in the cultural arena.We will also try hard in this research to reveal the most prominent critical trends that studies have addressed in their tracking of narrative issues, and to explain their importance in monitoring the Iraqi novel and its most prominent issues, as researchers have employed several approaches, including: contextual approaches represented by the historical, social, and psychological, as well as the approaches of the Russian formalists, New criticism, structuralism, deconstruction, reception aesthetics, semiotics, interpretation, and finally cultural criticism and feminist criticism. We will try to use the historical approach. This is done by examining examples of readings, taking into account their historical sequence, in addition to our use of the comparative method, and the extent to which our critics represent the subject of the research and its scientific tools.key wordsCritical reading, letters and theses, the Iraqi novel after 2003

The Sha’baniyah School is one of the schools of Sharia sciences in the city of Aleppo. It was built in 1085 AH, corresponding to 1674 AD. Its name goes back to Shaaban Agha bin Ahmad, who stopped the school in order to spread knowledge. After the Sha’baniyah was closed for a period of time, it was reopened by Sheikh Abdullah Siraj al-Din al-Rifai, who gave The school had great religious and scientific weight, until he passed away and was buried inside the school. The Shaabaniya school took care of the students of knowledge, provided for their needs, and took care of their affairs and the affairs of their families, until a large group of scholars graduated from it.

Abstract
The voice in poetry means the other voice that the poet conjures; To dialogue with him, and this would be like the soul blaming him for the convictions and principles he holds that may not be compatible with the convictions and values of the one who is being blamed. Through this phenomenon, Ibn al-Mu’tazz’s admiral has demonstrated his ability to express feelings of love and separation in an honest and effective way, as well as showing the positive aspects that call for wisdom, and the negative aspects that call for wisdom. It includes drinking alcohol, and this study was required to have two sections and a conclusion. The first section was entitled: ((Ibn al-Mu'tazz, the scholar and poet)), the second section ((The phenomenon of al-Adhla - concept and connotations_)), and the third topic: ((Al-Adhala in the poetry of Ibn al-Mu'tazz, constants and connotations) ), then the conclusion, followed by a list of sources and references.
Keywords: (Al- Blame, Ibn Al-Mu'tazz, Al- critic

This humble research addresses an important and dangerous aspect of this non-religious and far-from-the-flag intellectual trend، which is a delegation to the Islamic Ummah and attempts to separate religion from the State and to remove the legitimate provisions from the life of the individual، and aims to remove them from their realization and link them to the important thinking of this age away from God's gesture and the approach of his Messenger.

Abstract
The last report of Iraqi Central Bank about the social responsibility of commercial banks points out many significant issues, considering them as performance achievements, such as: rationalizing electricity consumption, rationalizing printing, participating in Baghdad international book affair, forbidding smoking at the Iraqi central bank building, participating in Iraqi football championships, and other similar activities. However, these activities are done by individuals without pretending any particular achievement at the social level. When we compare this performance with the performance of the Egyptian trade banks we can obviously notice that the Egyptian commercial banks are superior to the Iraqi ones in two points: firstly, it’s institutional framework for the performance on both the supply and demand sides. secondly, the existence of the visions, missions and goals, along with arranging priorities in completing business. In order to achieve an improvement at the performance of commercial banks in Iraq and to improve their social responsibilities, some necessary reforms must be done in terms of creating the institutional framework and defining a visions, missions and goals for organizing priorities.Keywords: Central bank, commercial banks, social responsibility

Abstract
This research, which is entitled “The Educational Approach in the Verses of the Holy Qur’an - Surat Al-Nour as a Model,” is one of the researches that deals with the educational aspect in the verses of the Holy Qur’an. This research aims to explain the curriculum that God Almighty established in His Holy Book so that life can be straight and happy with it. Humanity, by adopting its directives and legislation and the educational concepts and principles it contains that are valid for raising human beings, regardless of their diverse races, colors, classes, and abilities. Surah Al-Nour is one of the Medinan surahs, where the word (light) is mentioned in connection with the divine essence, as God Almighty said: “God The light of the heavens and the earth. The likeness of His light is like a niche in which is a lamp (Surat An-Nour, verse 35). Light was also mentioned with its effects and manifestations indicating it in the hearts and souls, represented by the etiquette and morals on which the verbal construction of this noble Surah is based.Key wordsLight - Etiquette - Morals - Social Education - Psychological Education

Research Summary
The study aims to reveal the thematic unity in the Qur’anic story and the relationship between them. This study included three demands, the first: the concept of the Qur’anic story, its types, and its thematic unity. Second: The concept of repetition and its purposes in the Quranic story. Third: Thematic unity in the story of Adam, peace be upon him, as an example . Keywords: unity - objectivity - story – repetition .

Research summary:
This study aims to highlight the importance of energy security for the major powers, mainly Russia, and shed light on the Russian economy based on energy exports and achieving independence and influence at the external level. And the extent of the impact of the Ukrainian war on Russian energy security and the consequences that resulted from it, considering that Russia is one of the most important energy producing and exporting countries in Europe Keywords energy :security, Russian economy, Russian-Ukrainian war

The importance of this research lies in its exploration of time, that mysterious entity and inevitable reality that haunts man from the beginning of creation until God wills it. It is an attempt to embody time in a new way, different from its usual known image. It is either a straight line that extends forever, or a continuous circle. Through the poet's language, which is saturated with the words of time and existence, she was able to reveal a tangible, material image that a person can recognize through his senses. In this image, time appears through its embodiment in the body parts that a person possesses, such as the mind, heart, eye, ear, and others. This makes time equal to man, which is an attempt to stop and overcome it. When it transforms from an abstract entity into a physical entity, it feels things, sees them, hears them, and understands its addressee through the awareness that I possess, just like the ability of a healthy human being. We chose several texts from the poetry collections of the poet Sabaa Ajaaf, As the Cat Walks, and Letters to the Orange to be a model for the study.

Summary
This research is based on studying the manifestations of the value of the tragic in poetry, and the extent of its connection to other values, especially since this concept is one of the concepts that has been described as ambiguous. It was associated with the content of pain, sadness, bereavement, grief, and everything that causes misery to a person, so elegies were one of the forms in which the tragic was embodied, especially if the elegist was a dear person with noble morals, then the tragedy would be double. The phenomenon of tragedy in its general content is a cry over the loss of a human being and the loss of his values. As for its form, it is determined by the general structure of the language.The research meant studying this aesthetic value in the poetry of Al-Fari’a Al-Shaibani, and revealing the embodiment of the tragic and its manifestations in her poetry. In her lamentation for her brother, there was an emotional revelation of intense sorrow and pain that overcame the recipient himself. There is no doubt that the meanings of grief - loss, pain, and calling for the dead - are not new in Arabic poetry. However, the poetess, with her meanings and artistic texture, formed for her a creative, tragic poetic painting, and she drowned in a sea of great tragedy. The tragedy was evident in her poetry in a number of sensory and moral phenomena that accompany that value, and how she built that value through words, structures, and images, in addition to her tragedy in her loss of values and ideals, and the tragic end that embodied her great tragedy.Keywords: beauty - sadness - elegance - values – tragic.

ABSTRACT
The study sought to investigate the obstacles hindering the implementation of creative thinking in the teaching of Islamic education as perceived by teachers in the middle school stage in Anbar Governorate. One hundred Islamic education teachers from middle schools were randomly selected to participate in the study sample. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed that included 42 items distributed over four areas: planning, teaching objectives, teaching methods and activities, and teaching evaluation, and its validity and consistency were ensured.The results of the study revealed that the level of difficulties in applying innovative thinking in teaching Islamic education was high and showed that the field of "teaching methods and activities" was in first place, while the field of "teaching objectives" was in last place. The results also revealed statistically significant differences attributed to grades (fourth, fifth, and sixth), with the exception of the first area "planning for teaching" where it was found that there were no statistically significant differences. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the (fourth) grade category in the rest of the fields, in addition to statistically significant differences due to teaching experience, as they were in favor of the category (less than 5 years).
Keywords: Challenges of using innovative thinking, Islamic education, Preparatory Stage.

Abstract:
This study is summed up in explaining two important aspects. The first is the introduction to “Al-Anbabi” and the study of his biography, since he is one of the important figures. He was the “Sheikh of Al-Azhar and the Sheikh of the Shafi’i Schools.” In his time, he had many religious monuments that he left behind, the number of which exceeded (45) among his letters and footnotes, including: (A footnote to Al-Sabban’s letter in Al-Bayan, (A report on Al-Suja’i’s footnote on Sharh Al-Qatar by Ibn Hisham), and (A report on Al-Amir’s footnote on Shudhur Al-Dhahab by Ibn Hisham) and others. As for the second aspect, it is an editorial study on “Paying Zakat to those who have reached the age of maturity but have not yet reached the age of “His Life” is a manuscript, and it is a legacy left to us by the eminent scholar, Sheikh of Al-Azhar, “Shams al-Din al-Anbabi” (may God have mercy on him). It has become our duty to revive that legacy, since al-Anbabi combined knowledge and work in matters of religion and the world.
Keywords: Al-Anbabi, Shams Al-Din, Al-Shafi’i, Imbaba, Sheikh of Al-Azhar, paying zakat.

Summary:
This research presents a definition of comparative interpretation in a simple way, in terms of linguistic and terminological determinants and stands on its origins and stages and touches on its beginnings, from the era of codification to the modern era, where we find that this type of interpretation has accompanied the various Islamic eras, where this type of interpretation is the basis To root Quranic studies, as we find that it has an effective role in documenting the link between many Islamic sciencesKeywords: (interpretation, Quran, comparison, genesis, comparative interpretation)

yabalwir albahth mawduean tarifan wajadidan fi butaqat shaer alsayd waltard albahrii , wakayf yataeamal alshueara\' fi aleiraq walshaam mae tulaabiaat albahriat walnahriat fi aleiraq walshaam watasjil ziarat siriyat alrafa\' mawdue albahth fi aistiqsa\' dhalik allawn alshierii alwasfi fi diwanih wayaeni albahth bidirasat aikhtirae alaikhtirae watarh almadamin walmawdueat fi hadha almazarie alshierii li\'iintaj aleabaasii aljadid, wamihaki albahth ean manhajiat altabaqat alwasfii altahlilii litashkil alfikr walbina\' aljamalii lilsuwrat alfaniyat wamuashiratiha warawafidiha min muthirat w \'iibdaeat tuthri alsuwrat wa\'awdah \'iibdaeat siriyat / dhalik alshaaeir alhayik aladhi \'asqat faniyaat altatriz waltafsil fi althawb bishakl jamaliin \'akhaadh tarif yaejab aleayn wataruq aldhawq

Let us acknowledge and honor Allah, the ruler of all existence, and extend our prayers and blessings to the greatest of all messengers, our revered Muhammad (may God's blessings and peace be upon him and his righteous descendants). Individuals have developed an ongoing need for these agreements in order to stay up to date with the advancements in many areas of life. The Sharia was revealed by Allah Almighty with the purpose of promoting the welfare of individuals and ensuring fairness and equity among them. And provide advantages while preventing any negative consequences or harm. He enacted laws allowing the sale, rental, and other transactions, but prohibiting any actions that may result in controversy, conflict, corruption, or injustice. One of the significant contracts that has gained popularity among people and seen an increasing demand is the "supply contract." These contracts have expanded and become more varied to meet people's evolving wants. These researchers in Sharia studies conducted research on the topic of "the supply contract" to explore its Islamic roots, analyze its compliance with Sharia principles, and clarify the obligations that both parties involved in the contract are bound by. This research was necessary due to the increased demand for supplies in hospitals, schools, and other industries, which led to a multiplication of workers in the supply sectorKeywords: Contract, Supply, Supplier

The concept of intellectual security is one of the most important requirements of our contemporary reality, and most of our contemporary problems are due to an intellectual defect occurring in the intellectual structure of the Muslim community. Being Muslims and our Sharia is the ruling, we need to formulate a safe Islamic thought that fulfills the requirements of the contemporary reality and solves the existing intellectual problems, and it comes at the forefront. Our contemporary intellectual problems are on the political side, so we must work to create intellectual security in its Islamic political wing through the most important Islamic intellectual figure, who had an important role in bringing about change at the level of the Islamic political system, namely Jamal al-Din al-Afghani through what he proposed. Of revolutionary ideas that aimed primarily at trying to change the Islamic reality through his writings, ideas, and even his students who completed the journey after him.

Conclusion
This research included the word “good tidings” in the Holy Qur’an, and how this word’s meaning is divided into two main parts: the specific good tidings and the general good tidings. There must be one who brings good tidings by breaking the shin, someone who gives good tidings of opening the shin, and someone who gives good tidings to it. Sometimes this word extends to another meaning, which is obituary and martyrdom. This is based on Qur’anic verses and the sayings of eminent commentato

This research presents the approach of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in spreading hope in the souls who have been afflicted with despair or are about to befall them, as a result of the difficult circumstances they are going through, and in the hearts of patients who suffer from the pain of diseases until they become weak and unwilling to live, and in the souls of the oppressed and oppressed, Those who no longer have hope for their salvation or the relief of their conditions, and for the souls that need to be pushed towards goodness, jihad, and hard work.

There is no doubt that the excavations carried out by a large number of Arab critics produced interpretive discourses that changed the course of understanding and history among the Arab recipient, which led many to tear through the dust of the ambiguity that surrounds Arab literature, especially pre-Islamic poetry, which we found is necessary to delve into and research. About its deep essences, part of those hermeneutical studies and research, which investigate the multiplicity of deep meanings, the purposes of speech, the references of texts, and the cultures and patterns of speakers. Hence, we chose the theme of peace in pre-Islamic poetry, as it is considered one of the most important main themes in it, as it contributed to preserving human existence from nihilism. War and peace proceeded in two parallel lines in the formation of pre-Islamic Arabic poetry. Rather, we sometimes find it accompanying poetic purposes such as pride, praise, and satire. The study aims to reveal the implications of the theme of peace alongside the theme of war in the poetic text, and it may overcome and undermine it at times. In addition to directing our study on the values of tolerance and maximizing moral virtues, clarifying the reformist discourse that accompanies the call to peace, and revealing the hidden content in peace poems, which sing and boast about wars and at the same time, describe them with reprehensible qualities, we sense them through multiple clues, including: (repulsive, day The problem of the study is to reveal the problem of the call to peace in the pre-Islamic poetic text and the consequent matters that are synonymous or antithetical to it through its absent implications, some of which confirm that war was not a preferred choice, but rather a reality that the Arab was forced into. He was forced to go through it in order to repel injustice and do justice to dignity, to prevent humiliation and humiliation, and to repel injustice. In this way, we understand and realize that the Arabs are not a nation of ignorant Bedouin wars, as we read in some heterogeneous and different historical patterns.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon him
The most honorable of the prophets and messengers is our master Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his good and pure family, and after that: Islamic law has been distinguished by its tolerance. And its fairness in enforcing rulings, especially in the chapter on financial transactions, as the prohibition against injustice, and the prohibition against consuming people’s money unjustly or attacking it unjustly came in many verses in the Holy Qur’an and the noble Prophetic hadiths, and that the sale be by mutual consent as long as the terms of the sale do not contravene the provisions of Sharia. Thus, Islamic law regulated people’s transactions among themselves, and since economic development continues, which requires the introduction of contracts in the Islamic economy that were not known to the ancient jurists, which benefit society and meet their needs, including contracts of adhesion, this research came to study the subject of contracts of adhesion in the Islamic economy, by explaining Its characteristics, divisions, and elements, and arriving at the jurisprudential ruling for this contract, along with an explanation of its most important forms and contemporary applications, and since research into this topic is of great importance because of the benefit it has for the Muslim individual and society in dealing with such contracts, I therefore wanted to research contracts of adhesion in Islamic economics.) Explaining all the legal rulings related to it, asking God Almighty for guidance and success.
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