Hawlyat Al-Montada

The term “scientific interpretation of the Holy Qur’an” is one of the terms used in scientific mediation and contemporary educational institutions. It refers to the interpretation or interpretation of some Qur’anic verses in a way that requires some scientific or accepted theories. Therefore, opinions differed between its acceptance as an interpretive method and its merit.

The rules are one of the things that are absolutely indispensable for Man, because they have become the Constitution that he follows, the approach that he takes, and the way that he proceeds according to it to his will and desire, in science, knowledge, and life. Man, regardless of his color, language or belief-time and place-sought rationing, regulation and restriction, in order to oblige others-first of all-to what he set and codified, in order to punish, judge, act, rejoice and grieve, and be peaceful and fight accordingly, the need for restraint was one of the most important things on the mind of man, because for the sake of regulation and regulation he had to the statement verifies this in the rules of interpretation.

factors that lead to the enrichment of scientific research in those sciences and thus their development and maturity, and one of those sciences is Usul al-Fiqh, which is one of the methodological sciences that specialized in Islamic thought in general and the Imami in particular, and the scholars of the modern fundamentalist school of Najaf al-Ashraf had the leading role in the development and maturity of this science through their extensive research and discussions, and the topic of crowding is a modern fundamentalist topic that deals with the issue of conflict of provisions in compliance at the individual level, and is often of great importance in Islamic jurisprudence and here lies the importance of this research.
Procedures: The research was organized into two articles preceded by an introductory article in which I dealt with introductory introductions to the title through the definition of the science of fundamentals, its usefulness and purpose, and the importance of studying the conflict, then the first article dealt with the topic of the conflict in fundamentalism by defining it in language and terminology and indicating its likelihoods, while the second article dealt with the most important responses and discussions of Sheikh al-Fayyad to the opinions of Sayyid Al-Shahid Al-Sadr, analyzing them and weighing the most likely of them, and our last supplication is that praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.

There are reasons that made Muslim scholars, researchers, and thinkers in the field of Islamic legislation to set some determinants and justifications in their establishment of ideas (considerations) and rules (deduction) to be built upon as an introduction to the Shari’a judgment and upon which ijtihad is built and from it is the knowledge of men. In deducing the legal ruling, here is the issue of criticism for novels, which is a scientific introduction to the work of ijtihad to examine the novel from the situation and the trampling.
Today’s criticism directed at the science of men and the novel is an important element in the documentation and introduction of narratives among Muslims for the sake of intellectual construction and scientific documentation of the legislator working in the topic of men’s science. The text is concerned with establishing and establishing, and the material of this science is the male benefits and the men's colleges, and what makes the material is the approach followed by Muslims in verification and scrutiny, and the culture of the approach that varies between the writers of the novel and its critics psychologically, ideologically and scientifically

The concepts of the ruling on this crime in Islamic jurisprudence can be summarized through an inferential study: The combatant is anyone who brandishes a weapon and causes fear on the road, and his punishment is according to what he deserves. If he combines killing with taking money, his punishment is death and crucifixion. If he singles out killing, his punishment is death. If he singles out taking money, his punishment is that his hand be cut off for taking money and his foot for causing fear on the road. One of the types of fear is banishment from the land.
And in the Holy Quran: The Almighty said: “So whoever transgresses against you” meaning wrongs you “then transgress against him in the same way that he transgressed against you” meaning repay him for his transgression and respond in kind. The second is not transgression in reality and it is called transgression because it is a recompense for transgression, and making it like it even if that is injustice, and this is justice because it is like it in kind.
As for the Sunnah: Kidnapping is considered an act of war. If it comes as an exception (except for the outbreak of an actual war), then it is absolutely not permissible outside the scope of war. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, did not approve of the kidnapping of Salamah from bowing to four of the polytheists after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, thinking that the polytheists had broken the treaty. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, “Leave them alone, for they have begun their immorality

This research aims to shed light on the impact of weather elements and phenomena in Baghdad Governorate, along with Karkh, on behavioral and psychological disorders represented by crimes and felonies that occur in that region. Dozens of such cases were adopted. By identifying a number of variables that can be adopted as a measure of these cases and their frequency according to the months and seasons of the year, the year (2023) was selected To provide the required data about it - and then adopt a set of statistical transactions ((correlation coefficient r, coefficient of determination (interpretation Rsq, regression coefficient)) to demonstrate that effect

The research aims to reveal the levels of drought and its indicators by studying and analyzing the change in the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) through comparison between the years (2013 and 2023) and for four months that express the climatic condition in the study area using remote sensing technologies, as a satellite image was relied upon for each month and each category and converted into a map and determined the areas for each level of this index using satellite data from the satellite (Land Sat 8).

Sulfur trade is likely to witness a significant increase in the coming years, due to new shifts in production and consumption patterns imposed by the war in Ukraine and the generally unstable conditions in international trade. According to reports from the International Energy Agency (IEA), a United Nations body, which indicated the need for optimal investment in resources, especially sulfur, which has witnessed increasing demand in global markets, Iraq must seize this opportunity and strive to prepare and develop its existing sulfur fields. The Russian-Ukrainian war has led to a major shift in the concept of energy and minerals. State policy has begun to be shaped according to the concepts of energy and economics, as the economies of major countries deal with supply and demand, and achieve their interests and the interests of others according to the other's ability to achieve balance in the markets. Geopolitical interest has now gone beyond the mere optimal commercial exploitation of the standard duality (energy and economy) of resources, to include management to achieve other goals, such as development and sustainability. Iraq is called upon to harness its intrinsic and objective capabilities and potential to enter the non-oil mineral market, to enhance its financial capabilities on the one hand and maximize its international relations on the other .

Food industries are one of the main sectors of the manufacturing industry in Basra Governorate in general and the districts of (Al-Hussein neighborhood - Arabian Gulf - Qibla - Hamdan) in particular, as their importance is evident in its clear role basically in supporting and achieving food security.
Food industries in the districts of Basra city are diverse in their types and categories.
The field study and data obtained from the Statistics Department of the Planning Directorate in Basra Governorate, and from the Federation of Industries in the governorate, In addition to the field visits to facilities, factories and companies specialized in food industries, showed that there are (288) facilities within this sector in which (1670) workers are working with .
The field study relied on the industrial classification of the number of food industries and their distribution in the study area, as well as the number of workers in them. The study sample relied on the total number of industries in the study area. It also aimed to study the reality of food industries in the neighborhoods (Al-Hussein, Al-Khaleej Al-Arabi, Al-Qibla, Hamdan), as well as to determine the variation in the geographical distribution of food industries’ locations and their localization, and to show their importance in these neighborhoods.
This study included four axes in addition to the introduction.
The first axis addressed the concept of food industries and their importance, while the second one studied the structure of food industries in these districts.
The third axis discussed the geographical distribution of food industries according to districts (Al-Hussein Q. Al-Khaleej Al-Arabi, Al-Qibla, Hamdan).
Finally, the fourth axis discussed the problems and challenges facing food industries in districts (Al-Hussein Q. Al-Khaleej Al-Arabi, Al-Qibla, Hamdan), in addition to the results and proposals.
The study reached some results, including that these industries are one of the branches of the transformation industries that convert raw plant or animal materials into food products while preserving their nutritional value for the longest possible period and facilitating the process of transporting them from one place to another while remaining suitable for consumption for a long period of time. The presence of the national and local food industry also contributes to dispensing with the import of manufactured food from abroad, in addition to innovating many food products that suit the different needs of individuals and create wide food options such as gelatin-free products or products free of animal derivatives and others.

Surface water is a vital natural resource that plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainable development in Najaf Governorate. With the increasing water challenges resulting from climate change and population growth, it becomes necessary to assess the potential for developing these resources effectively and sustainably. This research aims to analyze the current status of surface water in Najaf Governorate, identify the potential for its development, and propose strategies and recommendations to enhance water sustainability.

Ibn al-Wardi was a famous writer, poet, historian and jurist. He was born in Manbij and held the position of judge of Aleppo. He was interested in writing history and one of his most comprehensive historical works was the book “Al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar” which was written by Sultan al-Mu’ayyad, the ruler of Hama. He included in it his poetry and prose, deleted what he deleted and added to it and called it “Tamtimat al-Mukhtasar”. This book was known as the History of Ibn al-Wardi, and he divided it into two sections: ancient history and Islamic history. He arranged

One of the significant books whose authorship has been a subject of debate is Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa or The History of the Caliphs, attributed to Ibn Qutayba al-Dinawari. Due to the book’s importance and its focus on a critical and sensitive era of Islamic history, it holds a distinctive place among the early sources covering events of the first three centuries of the Hijra. The book uniquely documents significant and controversial events that remain a subject of discussion to this day, such as the events of Saqifah, the caliphate of Uthman, and the wars of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), among others.
On the other hand, the attributed author, Ibn Qutayba al-Dinawari, is one of the most prominent scholars of the 3rd century AH, renowned for his extensive knowledge and numerous works. This dual significance has made the issue of confirming or denying the book’s authorship by Ibn Qutayba a topic of extensive research and investigation.
This study provides an overview of the author’s life and the book’s content, followed by presenting the names and arguments of those who deny or question the attribution, as well as those who affirm it, along with a discussion of the evidence from both sides. Additionally, it explores some potential theories and suggestions about the identity of the book’s author if its attribution to Ibn Qutayba cannot be confirmed. These opinions and theories are critically examined. The researcher has left these perspectives and findings open to the reader, allowing them to form their own judgment and adopt the position they find most convincing.

The research begins with a relationship between two variables in the title, whereby (press coverage) is the independent variable that explains and interprets the dependent variable (Brexit) Britain's exit from the European Union. Based on this, categories are developed for analyzing the content of front-page news of the newspapers in the study sample. This research consists of a first chapter, which is a methodological roadmap for the research. A second chapter was an explanation and interpretation of press coverage in general and the topic of Brexit (Britain's exit from the European Union). The third chapter is the scientific framework for the research, followed by the results and recommendations.

The expansion of commercial and economic activity within countries and internationally, the emergence of trade relations between countries, the proliferation of methods for establishing these relations, and the ease of establishing them have led to the emergence of the famous trademark, which the owner places on his goods or merchandise to distinguish it from other similar, counterfeit, or imitated goods. This is to ensure his survival in the commercial arena, protect his business from counterfeiting, and thus control the market and generate profits both domestically and internationally. This has led to domestic legislation regulating these trademarks and addressing them to protect the owner within the aforementioned scope and, subsequently, to protect the consumer from the aforementioned. Furthermore, international organizations have concluded agreements to regulate this trademark and establish appropriate standards for its reputation, enabling it to be easily distinguished from other trademarks.

Extremist thought is considered one of the most dangerous types of terrorism, and it represents a global phenomenon linked to human thought, whatever his orientation, belief, or sect, as it shuts down his thought and suppresses his intellectual freedom.
The electronic world has contributed greatly to the spread of extremist thought through the use of various websites, especially extremism that has taken Islam as its cover, such as ISIS gangs and Al-Qaeda, to spread their dark ideas across the Internet to reach segments of society very quickly.
If it is easy to combat extremist thought in reality because it is exposed or can be identified from its speeches and movements, the opposite is the case in the electronic reality, which requires concerted efforts to curb its presence and restrict it because it uses many websites and closed secret rooms. Therefore, it falls on the government’s responsibility. Establish deterrent laws and activate oversight, community awareness, and security services to confront this great danger and limit its presence.
Therefore, the reason I chose this topic is only out of concern for the international community in general and the Iraqi community in particular, which suffered the scourges of the danger of extremist ideology. It is difficult to completely end the existence of this idea in the vast electronic world, but we must work to reduce its danger by taking serious steps and effective solutions.
The most prominent findings we have achieved in this research is the definition of extremist ideology and the most important motives that cause its spread, and we have clarified the possible legal treatments at the international and national levels.

Ibn al-Athir's book is considered a literary and rhetorical encyclopedia, preserving much of the knowledge and sciences related to literature, rhetoric, and criticism. Our study of this achievement focuses on Ibn al-Athir's rhetorical aspect in general and his approach to al-Badi' in particular.
In his book, al-Mathal al-Sa'ir, Ibn al-Athir relied on his own writing experience to guide it in a scientific direction, focusing on the correct approach to writing. He focused more on prose arts than poetry. He divided his book into two sections. The first section deals with verbal articulation, while the second section deals with compound words. In this section, he presents the types of verbal al-Badi'. In it, he says: "Know that the art of composing words is divided into eight types: saj' (rhyme), which is specific to prose; tasree' (alliteration), which is specific to verse; tajnīs (alliteration), which includes both types; tarsi' (instrumental combinations) and lazūm ma la la yazm (repeated prose); and muwazāna (balance). The second section discusses the art of morality.
Ibn al-Athir's book was well-received by the cultural and literary circles of his time and in later eras. At the same time, it was subjected to heavy criticism from some scholars, such as Ibn Abi al-Hadid and al-Safadi, in their two books, Al-Falak al-Daer ala al-Mathal al-Sa'ir by Ibn Abi al-Hadid and Nasrat al-Tha'ir ala al-Mathal al-Sa'ir by al-Safadi. These two books included a response and refutation of some of Ibn al-Athir's opinions and their rejection. One of the reasons for writing these two books was what their authors found of the arrogance of the author of al-Mathal al-Sa'ir and his condescension towards some of the scholars of his time and the scholars who preceded him. The proverb has been the subject of research and criticism in ancient and modern times. My research was entitled (The Creative in the Proverb) and the focus of the research was on verbal embellishments to avoid prolixity. I dealt with the writer’s life, culture and approach in his book, in addition to his opinions that were scattered throughout the book. The review was short due to the abundance of scientific material, its length and the many details in it, and this is beyond the scope of the research. At the end of the research, I hope you will excuse me for anything I missed, and our final supplication is that all praise is due to God, Lord of the Worlds.


This study examines Imam Al-Sajjad’s (AS) sermon in Damascus through the lens of text linguistics, focusing on textual cohesion (coherence) as a fundamental criterion for understanding the harmony of heritage texts. The research aims to explore how the Imam employed textual tools to assert his lineage and the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) before the Damascene audience, countering Umayyad propaganda. The first section defines textual cohesion and underscores its significance in distinguishing texts from non-texts. The second section analyzes manifestations of cohesion, including reference (pronominal and otherwise), repetition (phonetic and formal), and conjunction (both explicit and omitted), supported by examples from the sermon. The study concludes that formal and semantic cohesion strengthened the sermon’s structure, with argumentative repetition and the omission of conjunctions fostering audience submission and exposing the Umayyad scheme, thus affirming the efficacy of textual analysis in uncovering the dimensions of heritage texts.

comparison between the Qur'anic text and the Ziyarat al-Waritha (Visitation of the Inheritor), using the Prophets as a model. The research clarifies the concept of rhetoric as understood by both classical and modern linguists, and it also addresses the foundations of rhetorical comparison, particularly in the Qur'anic context. The comparison focuses on the Prophets mentioned in the Ziyarat al-Waritha text.
The purpose of the research was to highlight the rhetorical proximity between the Qur'anic text and the Ziyarat al-Waritha, with a special emphasis on the achievements of the Hussaini renaissance in terms of both its structural and missionary characteristics, which Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) inherited from the Prophets (peace be upon them). This semantic comparison serves as a successful tool for analytical text studies, as it uncovers the expressive and aesthetic values within the texts.

Historically , Tokugawa Ieyasa is considered the most distinguished personality in the history of Japan, he is one of the three unifiers ,he reunified Japan after more than 100 years of civil war, he found a series of rulers and organized a system for government , besides he redefined the role of religion in the life of the Japanese society to be the leading one, Ieyasa was quiet in nature, capable and fears nothing at all and kept for himself a key position of government which is ( Shogon), practically the military dictator after his victory in one of his famous battles at all ( Siekihara 1600 ) which considered one of the most decisive battles in the history of Japan and bring not only peace to Japan but also made Ieyasa family to role for more than two and a have centuries till the emergence of the modern Japan, all that was made because of one man who proved to be a statesman of first mark.

The current research aims to explore the level of emotional creativity among educational counselors, The current research is located in Basra schools for the academic year 2024-2025. The research community consists of male and female counselors in all Basra schools, numbering (736) male and female counselors. The research sample was chosen by random distribution, as it was (150) male and female counselors. The adopted scale consisted of (30) paragraphs with five alternatives, and was presented to a group of arbitrators numbering (8) professors. All paragraphs were accepted at a rate of (100%). Upon application, the results showed a statistically significant difference, as the calculated T-value was equal to (3.824), which is greater than the tabular T-value of (1.98) at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom of (149). The researcher concluded through his study that educational counselors enjoy a high level of creativity Emotional and there is no difference between male and female counselors in the level of emotional creativity, as emotional creativity among educational counselors is an important factor in providing psychological and social support to students.