iklil for Humanity Studies

wajamaeat aldirasat fi marhalat aldirasat maerifa (tiqniat alhifzi) fi taedil altasawurat aldhihniat ، waqad tama 'iijra' aldirasat ealaa tariqat aldirasat ، watabaq albahth ealaa majmueat min talabat qism altaarikh fi kuliyat altarbiat waleulum alansaniati، walbaligh eadaduhum (58)، watama wujdt aldirasat 'iilaa eider natij min 'ahamiha ، waqad hasalat ealaa majmue astibanat albalighat min aleumr 15 faqra (15 faqratun): -
1- ma altasawur at aldhihniat alati muratabat tanmiatuha ladaa talabat qism altaarikhi.
2- ma ether aetamid altakrar almutabaeid fi taedil altasawurat aldhihniati.
qira'at natayij albahth waliaistieradat Altai tasil alas alhalqat altaaliat awsi bialati: -
1- tadrib altalabat fi kuliyat altarbiat lileulum alansaniat ealaa astiratijiat altakrar almutabaeid baed tawzifiha fi tadris altaarikh waif altakhasusat almukhtalifati.
2- altarkiz ealaa taedil altasawurat aldhihniat lade almutaealim fi aqsam kuliyat altarbiat waleulum alansania

The current research aims to know the effect of the listening triangle strategy on developing creative reading skills among fifth grade female students. Reading is studied using the listening triangle strategy, and (30) female students in the control group are studying reading in the traditional way, and the researcher chose the people randomly.
The researcher conducted statistical equivalence between the two research groups in the degrees of the Arabic language subject for the two research groups in the mid-year test for the academic year 2021-2022, the chronological age calculated in months, and the educational attainment of the parents. As for the research tool: a creative reading test prepared by the researcher, the number of its paragraphs was 30 items.
The researcher used the statistical social bag system (SPSS), the arithmetic mean, the standard error of the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the variance, and the t-test, and the researcher concluded that the experimental group students excelled.
The researcher recommended the following:
1. Conducting training workshops for Arabic language teachers, through which they increase their awareness of the concept of creative reading, its skills, importance, and teaching strategies.
2. Paying attention to accompanying activities that help students practice creative reading.

The current research is limited to middle school students in Anbar Governorate who were diagnosed by the school administration and educational counselor as having behavioral problems for the 2022/2023 academic year.
The current research aims to:-
There are behavioral problems among middle school students who were exposed to displacement from the point of view of educational counselors.
- There are statistically significant differences between students who lost their mother and students who lost their father in behavioral problems.
- There are statistically significant differences between students whose homes were demolished and students whose homes were not demolished in behavioral problems.

The current research aims to reveal the relationship of reading procrastination to reading comprehension among fourth-grade primary school students and suggestions for treating it from the point of view of Arabic language teachers, through a field study conducted by the researcher on a sample of Arabic language teachers in the fourth grade of primary school in the city of Baghdad. The incident is within The geographical area of the General Directorate of Education, Baghdad- Al-Rusafa III. The researcher followed the descriptive approach and adopted a measure of reading procrastination and reading comprehension through a questionnaire that she prepared and distributed to male and female teachers of the Arabic language in the fourth grade of primary school.The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between reading reluctance and reading comprehension among fourth-grade students, and the presence of a decrease in reading comprehension, as the greater the level of reluctance leads to a decrease in reading comprehension among students. The results of the research also indicated that there are no significant differences in Sa'iyya in reading procrastination from a point of view Male and female teachers of the Arabic language, in terms of gender and years of experience, the study concluded with conclusions, recommendations and proposals, including: Reading has a relationship with reading comprehension because correct reading has a great impact on the student’s understanding of topics. She recommended teaching and training students to practice correct reading on an ongoing basis, and suggested conducting a similar study at the middle and middle school.

The current research aimed to know the degree to which primary school principals in the Third Rusafa Directorate practice their role in reducing the phenomenon of school bullying from the teachers’ point of view. The researcher used the descriptive approach to answer the research questionsـ and a questionnaire was prepared and its validity and reliability were confirmedـ and the current research reached several conclusions as follows: It was found that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (5% ≥ 0) between the average answers of the research sample regarding It is related to the axes of the questionnaire according to the gender variableـ as the statistical significance of all of its axes was greater than (5%(.
It was also found that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (5% ≥ 0) between the averages of the answers of the research sample with regard to the axes of the questionnaire according to the gender variableـ as the statistical significance of all of its axes was greater than (5%)ـ and in light of the findings of the research The researcher recommends the necessity of conducting training courses for the educational staff and training them on how to confront the phenomenon of school bullyingـ and the necessity of educating bullies about the dangers of bullying and its dire consequencesـ and conducting future studies on the phenomenon of bullying in all its forms and ways to treat it.

The educational system is important in the social structure of society in that it is the main tool for transmitting culture, arts, sciences, industry and intellectual developments on which society is based. Values are among the most important topics related to the education process and their development among students, an educational and psychological necessity, as they are linked to the student’s inner reality (i.e. his inner reality, his emotions and his conscience). Determine the verbal and actual behaviors that match the society's orientations. The teacher and the family as well as the community are the basis for the formation of values for the student. The role of the teacher is at the forefront of the forces influencing the students and in building and developing values and ideas, by being a good example in his behavior and how to deal with life situations in the school. Daily school life consists of guidance, rebuke, discussion, dialogue, advice, good exhortation, telling stories, setting examples, and judgment, and all of that is done using the method of generalizing everyone without specification. And taking advantage of sports games to be a tool to inculcate the values of group spirit and cooperation among students to achieve the desired goal of consolidating positive values in the hearts of students.

The current research aims to find out the effect of the electronic test on the achievement of female students in the second intermediate grade in the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education. The research sample was chosen intentionally and represented a group of (30) female students who were randomly selected from female students in the second intermediate grade at Al-Falah School. A test consisting of (45) multiple-choice items was conducted, after which the answers were corrected and the following result emerged: There was no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) and with a degree of freedom (58) between the two tests, as the calculated T-value of (1.64) was less than The tabular t-value is (2.000), and this difference is in favor of in-person education, and thus the null hypothesis is accepted. The reason could be due to: the weakness of the Internet networks in remote areas, and this is one of the most common reasons that keeps the student away from electronic study. The researcher recommended the following: Enter Teachers and teachers, training courses on how to employ and harness media in order to facilitate the educational process, equipping schools with computers and teaching students how to use them, and the Ministry of Education must cooperate with Internet companies to support remote areas by strengthening Internet networks there.

The city of Karbala is one of the most important ancient Iraqi cities، whose roots go back to the era of the Babylonian civilization (third millennium BC). The study started from a problem that states the environmental deterioration that Karbala governorate suffers from after the visit، as the highest number of visitors reached (21،198،640) visitors in the year (2022) compared to the number of visitors coming to Karbala governorate to participate in the forty days of Imam Hussein (PBUH) between the years (2017). -2022)، which is a large number that is not commensurate with the absorptive capacity of the study area. Thus، its impact on the increase in the amount of waste removed for the year 2022، as it reached (33583) tons، which is the highest amount of waste removed compared to the previous years for the period (2017-2022)، and this number is increasing in Every year with the increase in the number of visitors and processions، as well as damage to the infrastructure as well as problems in environmental pollution، whether for air، water، land and noise، due to the lack of awareness of practicing this type of religious tourism. This holy visit and the large march of two million people every year towards the Holy Karbala from all parts of Iraq and the Arab and Islamic world cost large sums of money، but these funds are not worth The reward for this visit، however، is the wisdom in how to invest these funds، which are spent in the correct manner، so that the visit gives its most beautiful forms and achieves its goal in the path of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in the path of reform and non-extravagance، and thus achieving sustainable development of the environment of Karbala through the rehabilitation of attractions. Tourism. The research relied on the hypothesis of activating the culture of visiting the Arbaeen and applying the concept of environmental religious tourism by increasing the environmental awareness of the citizen and the relevant authorities. Within the framework of the modest financial allocations allocated to tourism.

Early marriage is one of the phenomena of societal violence rampant and inherited in Iraqi society, including the district of Al-Khidr, where it is practiced against girls before they complete the age (18) years, at a time when they are in the process of care and intellectual, moral and social preparation to be qualified to bear the responsibility of building a family. The content of this research came to reveal one of the manifestations of the suffering of the girl and her inability to enjoy the same rights available to males in public life, work and education. The research has found several facts, most notably the high incidence of early marriage among girls with limited education and illiteracy by (85)%, and the prevalence of the phenomenon of young girls marrying relatives by about (94.2)%, and the research shows that (70) % of females married early due to the low level of their family income and poverty. Of course, the growth of this phenomenon and its exacerbation in the study area is due to many interrelated reasons, leading to health, economic, social and psychological problems for girls. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce this phenomenon, by knowing its causes to reduce it and mitigate its effects, and to maintain the balance of the family system and its continuation, And empowering women in self-realization through the dissemination of cultural, awareness and guidance programs for families, by clarifying their rights, including the right to choose a life partner, and explaining the dangers of early marriage on their health, in addition to allowing them to complete their education and practice work that suits their professional and scientific capabilities.

The study of the age and qualitative composition of the city helps to understand their general trends and identify the working potential، against which the city development policy is drawn. The study of the age and qualitative composition of the city's population clarifies the demographic features of the society، male and female، and identifies the productive categories that bear the burden of supporting the rest of the individuals. The aim of the research was to find out the impact of urbanization on the population structure (qualitative and age) in urban areas in Iraq، and to find out the extent to which that structure has changed over the past decades and the factors affecting it. The research reached several results، the most important of which is: the impact of the urbanization process on the age structure of the population، where the numbers of dependent groups (0-14 years) and (65 and over) have doubled in less than 25 years، which increases family، social and government burdens، and this has also affected and affects the group of young people who depend on them to secure their needs. The uneven distribution of investment and development opportunities among the regions within the country has led to the concentration of most economic activities in city centers، and the availability of employment opportunities in them، so that these areas have become centers of attraction for residents from areas less fortunate in development، to be a reason for internal migration. One of the most important proposals is to give more administrative and financial independence to projects، especially housing in small and medium-sized cities، in order to reduce migration to the main and major cities in the country، and to ensure fairness in the distribution of large projects and facilities to the governorates.

The region of the five Arab Maghreb countries (Algeria-Libya-Tunisia- Morocco-Mauritania) has a great strategic importance، and this region has a role in regional and international conflicts and interventions، especially since it occupies an important geographical location in the north of the African continent، and because of its natural resources، especially ( oil and gas)، and due to the huge population size that exceeds (100 million people)، which represents a human capacity capable of supplying the production process، and by dint of these and other advantages، it has made these countries a region of conflict and competition by regional and international actors، past and present، and there is no doubt that issues and files In the same Arab and regional affairs، it has a role in shaping the policy of the Arab Maghreb countries externally، and for this reason، foreign relations between Iraq and those five countries were not at the same pace، but rather determined by spatial and temporal circumstances and according to issues and events that occur before and later. And an improvement in relations between Iraq and the Arab Maghreb countries

Blending is a process where a word is coined out of mixing certain parts of the original two words like broasted originally broiled+ roasted whereas Clipping is the process of forming a new word out of clipping the first or the last part of the original one like prof. originally professor, both are creative processes of coining words in English. This term-paper is intended to shed light on these two processes highlighting their role in upgrading university students’ morphological creativity. This research work is based on the question; Do blending and clipping participate positively in second year bachelor students’ linguistic creativity? The research work is built on an experiment that a sample of (30)students of 2nd –year bachelor students in English Department at the College of Education / Ibn-Rushd- University of Baghdad for the academic year 2021-2022 randomly selected to take a pre- test on blending and clipping processes developed to assess students’ linguistic creativity. After three months course teaching of word-formation processes where the two processes; blending and clipping highlighted among other processes a post-test is administered. Eventually, so as to capture the possible significance of developing such processes on students’ linguistic creativity , a(Mann-Whitney U test ) is utilized. The results reveal that the question is positively responded , and prove affirmatively the role of the two processes; blending and clipping in upgrading students’ linguistic creativity.

Cet article étudie les défis de la fanfiction, une forme littéraire récente, dans le cadre de la littérature numérique. La fanfiction implique la réécriture d'univers et de personnages existants, soulevant des questions de créativité, d'originalité et de légitimité. L'article explore les avantages et inconvénients de la fanfiction ainsi que les défis littéraires qu'elle représente. La fanfiction permet aux fans d'exprimer leur créativité en s'appropriant des univers fictifs, mais peut aussi manquer de respect pour les œuvres originales. L'analyse de la fanfiction aide à repenser les processus de création et de réécriture à l'ère numérique, et à questionner les concepts d'originalité et de légitimité artistique dans un contexte de prolifération des récits.

Impoliteness is one of the widespread characteristic of communication nowadays, particularly within social media. It is actually attacking the face of others through interaction. The present study sheds light on impoliteness as it is used in twitter. It investigates the use of the impoliteness strategies and the politeness maxims violated in the retweets on selected posts by the U. S. Secretary of State Michael Pompeo. It is hypothesized that some of the impoliteness strategies are used more frequently than others, and, at the same time, some politeness maxims are violated more than others. It is also assumed that people usually communicate their opinions more freely through social media than face to face interaction. The data involve (41) retweets on three selected posts. Culpeper's model impoliteness strategies (1996) and Leech's model of politeness principles (1983) are adopted for the analysis. Through the analysis of the selected data, some of the hypotheses are verified as it is stated in the conclusions.

The concept of the cultured represents a main focus in Said's critical thought, in addition to other concepts such as (criticism, power). This is not due to the fact that he devoted a book in which he discussed the images of the intellectual and his current reality, in a world in which the authorities, with their diversity (political, media, religious, cultural institutions), are working to contain and limit his freedom in favor of their policies, but rather because the intellectual has an exceptional privacy in his thought. Said belongs to a philosophical current that believes in the role of the intellectual and the necessity of his presence in public affairs. Behind this belief are other reasons related to Saeed himself, reasons connected to his biography and his human tendency. The most important results that he aspires to achieve, in a world where the marginalized, the oppressed and the unrepresented still need to be represented and defended against the hegemony of the powerful, and those who possess power and wealth. This is what Saeed believed in, and sought to achieve, through a biography of struggle in which he embodied several images of the intellectual, which reveal the intellectual who praised and praised his performance, compared to another intellectual who criticized his performance and rejected it

The worlds of aesthetic formation through scenography is one of the cognitive and philosophical fields that deal with the nature of things، and it has an effective impact and helps to re-characterize the image in the language of dramatic art، because it shows aesthetic coherence. In addition to its intrinsic and external explanatory value، it embodies an impressive and convincing force that draws the attention of the recipient. Therefore، the researcher studied these stenographic formations and divided them into four chapters. In the first chapter، he dealt with the research problem، which was summarized by the following question (What are the aesthetics of scenography in the composition of the dancing shadow show Mulla Sombra) as well On the importance of the research، which in turn is a modern study of the association of the new technique with the art of theatrical directing، and the limits of the research، as well as defining the terms contained in the subject of the study. In the second chapter، the theoretical framework was divided by the researcher into two chapters. In theatrical directing at the level of scenography globally and the second topic (building the aesthetic experience of the director's scenography) in which the researcher talked about the most prominent scenography directors and their global experiences and how they employed the modern technology of scenography for the global show، and the researcher concluded the chapter with the results of the theoretical framework of indicators، and in the third chapter the research sample I mean the play (Mulla Sombra)، which the researcher dealt with because it was not previously dealt with by the researchers and the research methodology. In the fourth chapter، the researcher reached the most important results، conclusions، recommendations، proposals، proven sources and references، and a summary of the research in Arabic and English.

The research dealt with the study of the traditional Iraqi Hashemite costume from both the technical and historical aspects, and employing it as a costume that represents the aesthetic and artistic culture of Iraqi women's clothing, being a unique ceremonial costume that represents cases of sadness and joy, and the fact that popular clothing reflects the society that wears it, so it can be considered a mirror to that society and a defining characteristic of it, especially that ceremonial costumes Such as the Hashemite dress associated with the customs and traditions that emphasize the belonging of the people of that community to it. The study showed that the Hashemite dress still plays an important role in the wardrobe of contemporary Iraqi women through its appearance in the fashion shows of young Iraqi designers. The research concluded with contemporary models of the Hashemite dress with an innovative vision of employing original motifs such as botanical and modern motifs on the Hashemite dress such as geometric and scriptural motifs.

This article sheds lights over one of the most important leading characters of Iraq that could perform an administrative, political and social role in the Iraqi contemporary history. This person Saad Omar Al-Khafaji, has gained some ministerial and administrative posts. So, in this study, a scientific approach has been used to study his biography.

The researcher reveals in his book (The Illusion of Reference in the Narrative Imaginary) the close connection between the arts and the reality from which all arts and literature derive their subjects, and what emerges from its historical, social and political movement in the process of literary and artistic achievement, where an aesthetic artistic vision is presented through the creation of a virtual reality that is likely to occur comparable to the real world and taking literary trends, whether exotic, miraculous or surreal, imaginary manifestations that go beyond reality to more expensive areas to arouse the imagination of the recipient. The researcher has focused On a dangerous trend in the construction of the contemporary Iraqi narrative text (novel - short story - very short story) in identifying with the temptations of the outputs of the Iraqi reality characterized by acceleration and dynamism of events, especially after 2003, it indicates that many writers were able to portray reality in a creative manner without falling into the report of the description and its superficiality, as some of them were able to reproduce reality away from direct and documentary when they presented narrative texts characterized by depth and cognitive and aesthetic impact.

This article investigates the decline of language loyalty in the age of audiovisual nearness. It is a socio-linguistic review of previous literature related to language disloyalty. It reviews the current theoretical efforts on the impact of audiovisual nearness created by social media and language loyalty. The descriptive design is used. The argument behind this review is that the audiovisual nearness provided by social media negatively affects language loyalty. This article concludes that the current theoretical efforts have paid much attention to the relationship between the audiovisual nearness and language loyalty. Such efforts have highlighted the fact that the social media platforms have provided unprecedented nearness that provoke individuals to become disloyal to their own mother tongues

This reading reveals the aesthetic power of Abi Talib poetry and focuses on the creative and artistic aspects of the semantics that constitute the elements of the literary work by following the analytical approach .the poet praises the Prophet (peace be upon him) with the sweetest words which form the poetic text, according to aesthetic relations and dualities radiating the poet's texts. So the reason behind choosing the topic is the artistic aesthetic power that reveals the components of the poetic text, according to the analytical approach .
This study concludes that the poetry of Abu Talib is familiar with Islamic spirit in praise of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him .
The study depends heavily on the Holy Quran and Abu Talib collection

The Saudi-Kuwaiti border dispute (1919-1922) ، was at its beginning a dispute over a specific region ، then it -developed into an armed claust represented by the battle of Hamath and Jahra in 1920 shutt in which both sicles suffered great loss، So Britain intervented to preserve its interests in the region، So Britain started working to bridge the points of view between the two sides in order to reach a peaceful settlement to end the conflict، the Muhammarah and Ugair Conference was held in 1922، which drew the borders between the two Countries .

Byzantine art is that style that arose from the merger of two directions or two opposite styles in art، which are the church and imperial traditions، as the influence of Byzantine art، which ruled absolutely Byzantium in a new style، spread across large areas، and the reason for this may be due to the prosperity of rule in the Byzantine Empire in At that time، as long as the rule of Byzantium lasted and stabilized، as long as art flourished in it، the Byzantine Empire was a global city، equivalent to the global status that Rome reached in the first and second centuries AD، as it included an international mixture of the population، in addition to being an important center for industry and trade and a point The convergence of the trade route between East and West، which gave it a wonderful opportunity for cultural and artistic exchange between it and its neighboring countries.

It is no surprise that in recent years the world has witnessed tremendous progress in the field of social networking sites, which represent one of the outcomes of the modern technology revolution in our contemporary world, given the major role it plays in communication between people. Despite the great positive role it plays, it is not devoid of negatives. The impact of which was reflected in the moral and ethical system, and perhaps the most prominent of them are the so-called (low content publications). The problem of the research revolves around the widespread spread of violations of public taste in society through the use of social networking sites, and the lack of a legal definition of what is considered a violation of public taste within society. There is an independent crime under this name, but the images and patterns of criminal behavior are scattered among different laws and multiple legal texts, and the protection of freedom of opinion and expression may overlap and collide with the rights of others to express their opinion, and therefore every transgression of the limits of this freedom in a way that constitutes a threat to morals and public morals, which calls us to examine this problem and strive to find solutions to it.