The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
New Islamic civilization psychology has differences with contemporary psychology. One of the concepts that can explain many challenges and variables is the religious and central concept of secular attachment. On the other hand, considering that nowadays people spend a lot of time in cyberspace, some of the common phenomena of this space are extreme attention to celebrities and fals presentation of self in internet space, which can have many consequences in the field of mental health. It seems that a person's low self-esteem and her attachment to material things are effective factors in this field that were investigated in this research. The purpose of the research is to examine the concept of belonging to material things in explaining the psychological challenges of contemporary man.The research method is a review and library study. The findings showed that belonging to material things can significantly justify contemporary psychological challenges.

Abstract:-
Objective: This study aims to identify the components of Education-centered Schools with an emphasis on the priority and sequence of educational teachings.
Methodology: This research is descriptive-inferential. The necessary information has been extracted by referring to available and reliable books and sources. The Holy Quran is used as the main source and other books, including interpretations are used as secondary sources. Statistical tests were not used and the method of data analysis was mainly based on inference or reasoning. Collecting information has been carried out by taking notes from the verses of the Holy Quran, translations of verses, books of interpretation, and books and articles on Islamic education and training. Then based on the research objectives, they have been identified and classified.
Results: By inferring the discussed topics, it was found that the Holy Quran, as the best and most accurate educational version for humanity, has described this process in ten stages. In the first stage, the educator will identify and comprehensively examine learner to get a general idea of his moods and temperaments. In the second stage, the educator establishes a friendship with the learner to close him. In the third stage, by creating intimacy, the educator influences the learner to begin the ground for the next stages of education in the fourth stage. In the fifth stage, the educator freed learner from intellectual and spiritual captivity so that in the sixth stage he could inform and educate. In the seventh stage, the educator introduced the learner to contemplation so that in the eighth stage he could think deeply. In the ninth stage, educator teaches the learner to test his intellectual products with reason and find the correctness. In the last stage, the educator continuously reminds the learner these stages, so that in the darkness of neglect, the learner does not sell him capital cheaply.

Abstract:-
The research explores the contribution of peer feedback to the improvement of English language skills among non-native speakers of English at Yawm Al-Ghadeer Preparatory School. Within a quasi-experimental design, two groups of intermediate ESL students were monitored for 8 weeks. The experimental group undertook peer feedback practice with structure, while the control group underwent the conventional teacher feedback. The results indicate that the experimental group showed remarkable progress in speaking, writing, and language skills compared to the control group. The experimental group, for example, registered a 25% and 30% improvement in speaking and writing, respectively, while the control group recorded a 12% and 15% improvement, respectively. Total experimental group proficiency increased by 28%, compared to the control group's 14% increase (p < 0.01). Qualitative data obtained determined that peer comments had a positive effect on students' motivation, interest, and self-confidence. Approximately 85% of the experiment group subjects reported increased engagement, and 78% reported they felt more confident in using English. Some difficulties were reported, such as initial resistance to providing constructive feedback, but which increased with experience.
The study concludes that peer feedback can be a powerful partner to collaborative learning in English language instruction, particularly in preparatory school settings. Teachers are advised to use peer feedback in their instruction, supported by systematic rubrics and professional development for its effectiveness. This research contributes evidence to the growing body of knowledge on collaborative learning and offers practical lessons for ESL teachers.

Abstract:-
Using homonymous words enables speakers/writers to make their interactions/ writings successful, effective and more agreeable with others to increase their influence in making key points and to reveal the ambiguity in the communication.
This paper starts with the introduction about this topic involving: the problems that the interlocutors face in their communication and how they solve the ambiguity of using such words by explicating specific terms that related to this subject throughout highlighting on various definitions of the term "homonymy" depending on a number of linguists. Additionally, the paper attempts to clarify the concepts of co-text and context of situation and their relation in interpretation of meanings of words by taking selected examples of quranic verses and presenting some conclusions by using descriptive method in analyzing the selected samples.

Abstract:-
The present study aims to investigate the pragmatic clarification tropes in terms of pragmatic analysis in “Al- Sayda Zainb’s Speeches”. The problem with the present study is, to the researcher’s best knowledge, that pragmatic clarification tropes in the mentioned title have not been investigated as a special subject in terms of Pragmatic analysis . The study aims to identify the mentioned tropes, and to determine the most frequently used tropes and the least frequently employed ones in Al- Sayda Zainb’s Speeches.
The study adopted the following procedures: Firstly, presenting a theoretical account of pragmatic analysis and clarification tropes. Secondly, presenting models that involved the clarification for the study based. Thirdly, conducting a qualitative analysis of Al- Sayda Zainb’s Speeches in terms of tropes in question and finding out the frequencies and percentages of those tropes.

Abstract:-
This study analyzes intensifiers from a semantic perspective in three selected stories that are written by Wilde. It aims at identifying the types of intensifiers that are used in these stories, finding out the most frequent intensifiers, and exploring their semantic functions. It hypothesizes that intensifiers are used in these stories to emphasize the elements they modify. The method of the study is a mixed method through which the researcher collects data from the selected stories, investigates intensifiers, their frequency, and provides justification for using this intensifier over others. The data consists of excerpts from the selected stories ( The Happy Prince, The Birth of the Infanta, The Selfish Giant). The findings of the study support its hypotheses.

Abstract:-
History is a record of what happens in the nation over the ages, it records everything that happens, and it documents to people for all generation. Thus, the intertextuality that poets use is an important literary sort to uncover the implicit poetic image and show it in a proper way that attract the audience. The intertextuality in Retha'a Alqaim book happened in many ways that will be revealed later on in this paper.

Abstract:-
Intertextuality is a modern term that has entered Arabic literature, but it has roots among Arab critics in the Arab heritage with other names and terms that were known in the past (such as quotation, inclusion, citation, plagiarism, theft, and copying). The method of employing intertextuality in texts indicates the extent of the writer's culture and his familiarity with previous texts, as the writer deliberately includes them in his texts consciously or unconsciously in order to serve the idea of his text.
The novel opens up to textual (thresholds) that accompany the recipient to be an interpretive key and a supporting factor that he uses to reveal the strategy that the text can follow for the purpose of launching it. They are necessary elements to unlock the locks of the text under it.
Intertextuality was widely scattered in the novel of Anam Kajaji, forming an intertwining with its fabric with an artistic and intellectual connection, pointing to literary, artistic, and psychological facts that revealed the writer's experience and openness to general cultures that shaped her literary awareness and vision. Tashari's novel stands on the borders of the overlap and blending of texts and its inclusion of several elements and references that blended with the original text, thus undertaking the function of creating diversity and difference within the narrative discourse. These patterns were distributed between religious, mythological, literary and historical texts, and the writer sought to cultivate these texts in the field of her novelistic work, which led to the generation of new meanings that deepened her experience and gave it richness.

Abstract:-
The traditional concept of the principle of separation of powers is that each state authority is to be independent to practice its function assigned to it by the Constitution, and it is not permitted to each of them to assault the function of the other authorities or exceed the limits of jurisdiction. But, applying this principle as previously stated began to retreat to be replaced by the principle of the authority unit or racial separation of powers. In order to make the supreme authority theoretically (legislative authority) which represents the people, then, the other authorities emerge from it, so that they are accountable to them.
This is the essence of the correct understanding of the separation of powers advocated by Montesquieu, as he did not mean complete separation or complete separation of powers so that each power is isolated from the other power, but rather this principle aims to create a kind of balance and cooperation between these powers, so that this cooperation and coordination can enable them to perform their functions and achieve their goals, and this requires at the same time the creation of mutual control between these powers to ensure that no power exceeds the limits of its jurisdiction, and this cooperation guarantees the rights and freedoms of individuals.

Abstract:-
Language, in general, is the foundation of human communication for expressing feelings and ideas and satisfying needs. It has multiple functions: expressive, communicative, and intellectual. Language, in particular, has not been isolated from other languages, preserving its historical legacy and serving as a means of communication throughout the ages. It considers the communicative context and the speech acts it produces, both in terms of achievements and impact on its recipients. Speech acts play a prominent role in the success or failure of communicative discourse. The research aims to demonstrate the role of language in conveying ideas and information to children through the media. This is because information disseminated through media outlets such as newspapers, radio, television, and digital media has a significant impact on the souls of its recipients and followers, particularly among children. It leaves a positive impact if the language used is sound, convincing, and understandable, appropriate for children, and helps them draw inspiration from information and ideas. In the first section of the study, we addressed the methodological framework. In the second section, we discussed the functions of language in the media, the origins of language, and its theories. We also examined how language can be a means of communication and a tool for translating and conveying ideas and information. In the third section, we briefly addressed the most important aspects of children's media and their age groups. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach in the study to arrive at the desired results, the most important of which was that the role of language in conveying ideas to children through the media requires the use of multiple strategies, through the form and content of various media outlets, to ensure the effectiveness of the media message and children's comprehension according to the basic mechanisms mentioned in the study.

Abstract:-
Since in the Holy Qur’an the positions and the addressees differ, it does not express its positions in front of its multiple addressees equally and equally, but the discourse in it is sometimes soft and sometimes severe according to the topic. It uses different strategies to have a greater impact on the audience. Gradation is one of the most effective strategies, as it plays an active role in different dimensions, and one of those dimensions is the expression of meanings that become intense in the places where they are required. The turning away method is one of the methods used by the Holy Quran as a linguistic structure to achieve this goal. This study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, so it studied the Qur'anic models and observed the way of the transitional turning away in expressing the gradual meanings. This research was also carried out with the aim of showing the practical application of the striking method, excluding it from theoretical discussions, and revealing its mechanisms that were used in the Qur’an. It also seeks to answer two basic questions: First, what is the effect of the striking method on the gradation of meanings? Secondly, how do the meanings transcend the strike mechanisms and in what field did the Qur’an use these mechanisms? According to the study conducted in this study, we can point out that the research revealed the deep relationship and the close link between grammatical issues and semantic and rhetorical issues. The research finds that the Holy Qur’an invested the method of transitional turning away in the gradation of meaning and it has a constructive and pivotal role in the progression and gradation of meaning. Twenty-hundred places in the Holy Qur’an, and most of its use is in rebuking the unbelievers and the deniers, and also it seemed to the research that the mother of the uninterrupted in its use as the transitional turning away achieved a gradual tightening of the meaning from the heinous to the ugliest and from the horrible to the most horrible, and it was often used to rebuke the deniers and make them look ugly.. And as for me or we have sensed that the Qur’anic expression addressed it in most of its occurrences to the believers.

Abstract:-
Oil contracts are among the most important contracts concluded by oil countries with foreign companies, and the supervision of the conclusion of these contracts and the responsibility of the civil administration for them are vital issues in Iraq and Iran. This study aims to analyze and balance the existing challenges in this field in both countries using the descriptive analytical comparative approach. The main problem is the existence of legal loopholes, the lack of transparency, the weak role of legislative and regulatory institutions, and the ambiguity of accountability mechanisms, which threaten the efficiency of these contracts and increase the risks of corruption and mismanagement of oil resources. This issue is of great importance due to the influence of these two countries on the global oil market. This research aims to conduct a comparative analytical study on the supervision of the conclusion of oil contracts and the responsibility of the civil administration in these two countries, and to provide results that can be applied in the global oil market. It also seeks to analyze the existing challenges and propose solutions to them by reforming laws and regulations, and enhancing transparency and accountability in the process of concluding oil contracts. This research uses the descriptive analytical comparative approach, as it studies and analyzes the balance of supervision of the conclusion of oil contracts and the responsibility of the civil administration in these two countries, and then provides results that can be applied in the global oil market. In conclusion, this study reached the following results: Through the analysis and comparison of the supervision of oil contracts and the responsibility of civil administration in these two countries, it was found that supervision in Iraq is carried out exclusively and under the supervision of the government, while in Iran it is carried out comprehensively and in cooperation with the relevant departments. The analysis and comparison of the responsibility of civil administration in the two countries also showed that this responsibility falls entirely and exclusively on the government in Iraq, while in Iran it is carried out comprehensively and in cooperation with the relevant departments. The practical result of this study in the global oil market is that since the supervision and responsibility of civil administration in Iran is carried out comprehensively and in cooperation with the relevant departments, this country is considered a good model for other oil exporting countries. On the other hand, since the supervision and responsibility of civil administration in Iraq is carried out exclusively and under the supervision of the government, the possibility of corruption and bad behavior in this area is high.

Abstract:-
"Kelileh And Demneh" by Ibn Muqafa' and"Fakihat Al-Khulafa' And Mafakihat Al-Zurafa' " by Ibn Arabshah, are among the noble and valuable works in the field of didactic literature which have been able to convey the most essential didactic instructions to their audience with pleasant and at the same time ethical and weighty prose. The category of Friend And Enemy is considered as one of the basic and key topics in didactic themes in these two works. Both authors have tried to depict its importance in different ways and with the help of various literary and rhetorical images. The origin of this didactic topic should be sought in ancient Iran and the words of its elders, and this is the reason why Iranian writers and authors such as Ibn Muqafa' and Ibn Arabshah paid attention to it in the Islamic period and discussed friendship and enmity in their didactic works especially in "Kelileh And Demneh" and "Fakihat Al-Khulafa' And Mafakihat Al-Zurafa' ". Using anecdotes and stories based on friendship and enmity, both authors try to guide the reader to know the real friends and enemies and the characteristics of each of them. In this research, while comparing the two mentioned works, we will try to analyze the way of depicting Friend And Enemy, and we will analyze the two authors' views on these two issues in an analytical- descriptive way. The results show that simile is one of the most important visual tools of these two writers.

Abstract:-
Mullah Sadra is considered in scholarly circles to be the founder of transcendental wisdom. The originality of being and personal unity of being are considered fundamental pillars of transcendental wisdom. The anonymous tenth-century thinker Muhaqqiq Khavari expressed discussions of the originality of being and personal unity of being in his various works. This article attempts to compare these ideas with Mulla Sadra's views and the extent of Khavari's influence on Mulla Sadra in establishing transcendental wisdom.

Abstract:-
Research on the method of presenting models in the Quranic school holds significant importance in educational studies. What adds to this importance is that the method of presenting models in the Western school, particularly in the field of media, relies on modeling and myth-making for characters in the family domain that not only do not align with Quranic or even human values but also contradict them. Unfortunately, due to the global media coverage of Western family models, Muslim youth have come to embrace the false Western myths presented in cinema, sports, and other areas. Therefore, it becomes important to pay attention to the method of presenting or depicting true Quranic models, as the family is one of the most important foundational institutions of society and holds special dignity and sanctity. The Quran, as an educational book, has presented many educational models in the field of family, such as the ideal father, who is introduced as the backbone and main manager of the family system. For this reason, the Quran has used a special method in presenting the model of the ideal father. This research, using a combined exploratory and descriptive-analytical method, aims to discover and analyze the educational method of presenting Quranic models in the field of the paternal model. The results showed that the Holy Quran, in the fields of thought and behavior, mainly used the method of objective modeling and descriptive modeling in presenting the models.

Abstract:-
This study was subjected to the concept of time or Chronotope, which means the relationship between time and place and the effectiveness of the two elements in narrative construction in general. The study was divided into three sections: First section /place and time paradox through retrieval and pre-emption techniques, second section /place and duration through the speed of shearing measured by the time of speech, third section /place and frequency and included events resulting from the repetition of time in place, as well as the conclusion of the research, and then a list of research sources and their reference.

Abstract:-
Covenantal reconciliation constitutes one of the most important idiomatic evidence in the interpretation of the concept of salvation according to Karl Barth. It is an indication that has pillars and modern practical possibilities in interpreting the texts of the New Testament, and involves a reformist methodology based on rearranging the process of interpreting salvation, By sticking to the functional position formed by that sign and based on it, For this reason, Barth refuses that original sin in the traditional terminology is a main reason for achieving the process of salvation and promises it opportunities through the reliable methodology that contributes to solving the problems of Christian Christology by adopting the Greek eastern approaches to Christian studies centered on prophetic salvation.

Accordingly, Barth addresses the issues of interpretation of salvation by defining the path of the conventional signification in the universality of salvation through two paths. By faith as a second path, it is one of the existential foundations for the realization of the process of Salvation, It is a responsive and responsive basis with the functional position to achieve covenant reconciliation in the interpretation of the concept of Salvation.

Abstract:-
This conflict is considered one of the most important events in Islamic history on the doctrinal, intellectual, political and social levels, and it remains to this day a subject of disagreement, or even a source of disagreement, between sects and trends, as it has become one of the pillars used by men of shadows to seduce the common people of ignorance in pushing them to fight between members of the same religion with pretexts. It is flimsy, false, and contrary to the truth. Hence, the researcher would like to examine the truth of this conflict in all its details, causes, goals, and its roots. It is an attempt to shed light on the origin of the pre-Islamic conflict between the Hashemite House and the Umayyad House, until the establishment of the Umayyad state, and was the conflict a tribal conflict in its meaning? Pre-Islamic tribalism, or has moral, humanitarian, missional, doctrinal, and intellectual motives and dimensions, despite the fact that Bani Hashim and Bani Umayyad They have a biological heritage root in Abd Manaf, but there is a difference between the two, on the moral, intellectual, humanitarian and social levels, and if we want to draw a historical comparison between the two positions, by tracing the historical events of that conflict we will reveal the extent of the Umayyads’ crimes and their fight against the message of Muhammad, where the Umayyad Hashemi conflict began, After that, he became a Taliban Umayyad, then after the death of the Messenger, he became an Alawite Umayyad. If we consider what are the real reasons and motives for fighting the Umayyads against the message of Muhammad and the pure family, which is a true extension of the Muhammadan law, all of those motives we will highlight in this article, to determine the extent of the criminality and paganism of the Umayyads, Iqbal al-Bayt. Al-Hashemi Al-Talbi Al-Alawi.

Abstract:-
Waiting, from a linguistic perspective, means being in a situation where the desired outcome cannot be seen in that state. However, over time and with the necessary conditions, this situation can become possible. The aim of this article is to clarify that the community's adherence to the divine leader plays a significant role in the correct and swift progression along the path of waiting and achieving the desired outcome according to the Holy Quran. Studying the verses of the Quran and the stories that reflect a scene of waiting in human life shows that the community's trust and adherence to divine leadership can protect it from the harms of the waiting process, which can be categorized into four types: harms that hinder movement towards the desired outcome, harms that slow down the speed of movement towards the desired outcome, harms that prevent reaching the desired outcome, and harms that divert from the desired outcome. The data in this book is of a fundamental nature and employs a theoretical and desk analysis methodology.

Abstract:-
In this article, the researcher sought to trace the interpretation of the verses of divine love in Surat Al-Baqarah and Al-Imran and to clarify the truth of this love, whether the love of servants for God or the love of God for servants, through the interpretations of Tasnim by Allamah Al-Jawadi Amoli and Ruh Al-Maani by Allamah Al-Alusi, while clarifying the sources of commonality and differentiation between the two sciences, relying on the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach. The researcher concluded that Allamah Al-Jawadi Amoli’s theory is based on the fact that divine love means joy and that love is mutual between the servant and his Lord “He loves them and they love Him” and that all existences are a manifestation of this love, as Allamah created a proof that differs from the proofs and called it the proof of love. Allamah Al-Alusi, if he looks at it from the perspective of the speaker, divine love becomes for him the meaning of will and the beginning of the love of servants to obedience and following and the love of God for His servants with satisfaction and reward, and if he looks at it from the perspective of knowledge, then love in its true meaning that entails pleasure and moral pleasure is greater and more lasting and that the world is the result of God’s love for Himself.

Abstract:-
Social peace is achieved in countries that are based on law and constitutional institutions; otherwise, that peace is shaken and begins to collapse. The movement of individuals and groups in the state is controlled by law and its correct application without selectivity or exception. Then, the feeling of equal opportunities and equal rights grows. Despite the diversity of religious, social and sectarian structures, Iraqi society has historically been characterized by peaceful coexistence, with few cases due to the intervention of external forces due to a number of historical, social and cultural factors. The most prominent of which is the common cultural heritage of ancient civilizations based on intellectual, social and legal principles that unite Iraqis. On the one hand, Arab-Islamic civilization is based on the principles of monotheism, cooperation and tolerance. The importance of this topic stems from the developments that have occurred in Iraqi society since the American occupation of Iraq in 2003.

Abstract:-
Motifs in poetry are a phenomenon used to understand literary texts. They are not based solely on repetition within the poetic context, but rather on the emotional impact this repetition has on the recipient. Iraqi poet Adnan Al-Sayegh has attempted to transform motifs into aesthetic tools that serve the poetic theme, fulfilling an aesthetic function that helps enrich connotations and reveal the urgency or emphasis they seek. One of his most important motifs, which bears connotations closely related to his life and psychology, is the “myth motif.” The myth motif appears in his poetry extensively, and has deviated from its true meaning to bear new connotations and visions. The myth is considered one of the modern foundations and one of those aesthetic expressive tools from which contemporary poets in the Arab world in general and Iraq in particular have set out, relying on it in building their images and creations. Contemporary Iraqi poetry has had a large share of the myth, as we see poets who have employed the myth in their poems, including Adnan Al-Sayegh, who was interested in heritage, and among them, his employment of the myth contributed to adding human dimensions to the poetic themes he dealt with, and to enriching his artistic experience with what it provided of inspiration, intensity, intellectual depth, and insight into time. He also managed to convince us of this experience, and of joining the voices of his readers to the voices of his legendary heroes and revolutionaries in confronting the tyrants of the world. This article attempts, through historical and descriptive approaches, to study and analyze myth in Adnan al-Sayegh's poetry. This study aims to identify myth and some of the myths employed in Adnan al-Sayegh's poetry and to clarify their semantic fields.

Abstract:-
In the discussion of epistemology, belief in God is considered one of the most important topics. Due to the importance of this discussion, it is very important to preserve and protect it from weakness and deviation. In the traditions of the innocents (a.s.), especially Imam Ali (a.s.), faith has been discussed, and narrative and Quranic solutions have been mentioned to strengthen it. One of these solutions is the fear of God, which has a direct effect on the steadfastness of faith. Although some researchers have investigated and analyzed the teaching of faith and fear of God, in this article, with a descriptive and analytical method and using Nahj al-Balagha, how fear affects It has been examined and analyzed from God in the establishment of faith. Researches show that fear of God is a characteristic of pious people, and factors such as fear of knowing God's greatness, not accepting deeds before God, and knowledge of the ugliness of sin cause fear of God, and since sin causes weakness of faith. fear of God leads to not committing sin. In this way, the fear of God causes avoidance of sin and the effect of that is the establishment of faith in the heart.

Abstract:-
Women's government positions to hold jobs such as leadership, presidency, ministry, have always been discussed and exchanged opinions among Islamic thinkers. Their employment in various positions is disputed by contemporary thinkers. This writing is organized by descriptive-analytical method and using available library resources based on his understanding and interpretation of religious teachings. What are the research findings of the answer to the question, the analysis of holding political positions by women from the perspective of Allameh Tehrani and Allameh Javadi Amoli? This is that women can hold government positions and jobs, Allameh Tehrani and Allameh Javadi do not consider it permissible for them to hold certain positions, such as leadership, presidency. is not; Rather, the general rule is that women are allowed to hold government positions, and only cases that have special conditions or reasons are exempted from this law. In the end, it was proved that he did not consider the religious and cultural responsibility of women to be exclusive to the family, and he did not see the irreplaceable role of women in history-making as insignificant.

Abstract:-
One of the tasks of interpretation is to explain the immortality of the Qur’an by extracting the general meaning from the verses and disseminating its rulings to all ages and generations. Abolishing privacy has this potential and can do this important work. According to the verses and hadiths, the addressees of the Qur’an are not limited to a specific time or place, so in order for more people to be able to use this eternal source and also for a broader use of the concepts of the Qur’an, we discussed the topic of eliminating specificity. Also, in interpretation, interpreters must use sound and precise rules so that they do not fall into interpretation based on opinion. The rule of abolishing privacy, which is one of the interpretive approaches, requires a methodology in order for us to act with its help and to use the correct method according to the rule and not to immerse ourselves in interpretation based on opinion.In order to eliminate specificity, the verse must be revised with the characteristics of time and place and everything that is not included in the actual achievement of the goal, and the general rule of the verse must be deduced and applied to new examples. After receiving the general concept, it must be verified so that the subject of the verse is one of the main examples of the extracted general concept. If this is not the case, and is not completely consistent with the apparent meaning of the verse, then such an extraction would be incorrect and considered an invalid interpretation and interpretation based on opinion. Therefore, with the right methodology, this rule can be used in interpretation. This research seeks to clarify the rule of eliminating privacy in interpretation and its method in verses on the basis of the descriptive and analytical approach.

Abstract:-
These papers address an aspect of the challenges, which are related to contemporary challenges and their impact on the behavior of youth and the Muslim nation. It is a dangerous form of the challenge facing the Muslim community in this era, especially the youth segment. The research attempts to monitor these challenges, and what are the means capable of dealing with these challenges and confronting them in light of the Prophet's biography. It will include the approach of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - in solving the problems of his era, which clearly indicates his prophethood; because the approach of the Messenger of God in solving was based on God's approach and law. And through the following chapters, we will cite some examples of them; We were exposed to a model related to a global problem that the whole world suffers from, which is the problem of violence and terrorism, and we saw how the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - treated it based on prevention and treatment. Another model related to the economic aspect within society, which is the problem of poverty and unemployment, and we saw how the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - treated it wonderfully based on opening up horizons of work and diligence for society with all its individuals and sects. Finally, we saw how the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - treated another problem rooted within the entity of society - which is the problem of intoxicants and drugs - with a gradual treatment. The prophetic approach to treating problems was distinguished by a unique feature; which is instilling the fear of God - the Almighty - in the hearts of all members of society, so they refrained thanks to it from doing all that is ugly , It is the program of Islam for peace and security.

Abstract:-
The second half of the twentieth century witnessed various and different experiences aimed at achieving regional integration in various regions of the world in order to achieve economic integration. Indeed, the European experience represented by the European Union was one that was able to impose itself and occupy a distinguished position among all other experiences to remain the first seed towards integration And unity in Europe, which is considered one of the most successful experiences of regional integration at all, because it transferred the pattern of relationship between a group of neighboring and culturally heterogeneous countries, from a state of dispersion and conflict to a state of cooperation and then to unity.

Abstract:-
The study addressed the issue of green areas within the urban space, i.e. lands covered with plants and excluding agricultural lands. Green spaces generally serve a variety of functions - recreational, tourism-related, environmental, protective - and aesthetic; this applies in particular to those green spaces located along pedestrian paths and grass medians separating roads from residential areas. All these types of green spaces were included in the city's master plan. Baghdad suffers from inappropriate spatial arrangements for green spaces and open spaces because they do not match the large size of the population increase, or the standard of living that has provided most segments of the population with large numbers and means of transportation to enjoy, in addition to the fact that some areas are characterized by being compact. Population density and the increasing and unlimited urban sprawl have harmed the green areas within the city of Baghdad: depriving them of their beautiful appearance, and creating an imbalance in the local environment of Baghdad, which has harmed the local climate.

Abstract:-
I'rab is one of the unique characteristics of the Arabic language. It plays a prominent role in revealing deep connotations and subtle meanings. It also contributes effectively to removing ambiguity that may arise in some linguistic structures. Changing a single vowel at the end of a word can completely alter the meaning, making i'rab an indispensable means of understanding the true intentions of the speaker, whether in Quranic texts or in refined literary and rhetorical discourse. Hence, the importance of i'rab in enhancing comprehension and achieving precise communication between speaker and listener is evident. It is also a key to a sound understanding of texts that leaves no room for misinterpretation or limited understanding."
It is one of the fundamental components of the Arabic linguistic system, due to its pivotal role in articulating precise meanings and defining the intended connotations within the linguistic context. Its importance stems from its role as a tool for distinguishing between different grammatical structures, helping to resolve confusion that may arise from the similarity or similarity of words, especially in sentences with complex structures. The impact of syntax is clearly evident in eloquent texts, particularly the Qur'an, as it helps us accurately understand divine objectives and prevents misinterpretations. From this perspective, syntax is a fundamental element in achieving a sound understanding of texts and ensuring their disciplined interpretation within precise linguistic and grammatical frameworks.

Abstract:-
This in turn makes put the society at risk for the structural or institutional harm happens at wide scope with great and horrible effects to the point that it is difficult to be remedied,believing that he moral exclusion can bring wide harm inside the society when people contribute in reformulating the moral standards.The two-way effect between the individuals and society which lead to the moral exclusion that brings great harm to the society.Also, the moral exclusion acquires a strong impetus through a frequent circle within which the individuals and the society change each other.

Abstract:-
Thoughts and principles varied in the Book of Nahj al-Balagha. His sermons, letters, and other words revealed many matters related to organizing man's relationship with his Creator, getting to know Him, submitting to Him, organizing his relationship with people and living safely with them.
The topics, that regulate the relationship of the ruler with the subjects, occupied a part of this noble book. So, the era of al-Imam Ali(peace be upon him) to Malik al-Ashtar when he appointed him ruler of Egypt, the document, the graphic style that dazzled researchers and studiers appeared in it, and how could it not dazzle them when it was created by the prince of eloquence and fluency, that each ruler should adhere to, and work according to them, as its rulers and foundations are an inexhaustible source and an inexhaustible wealth.
I chose this great historical treatise to be the subject of my research, and Ifollowed the descriptive grammatical approach. The study sought to identify the forms of structure that the nominal sentence has in its three positions: the affirmative, the negative and the confirmed, and their relationship to the connotations that can be revealed in these compositions.

Abstract:-
Jurists resorted to the theory of the similar money and estimated money in transactions، to preserve the financial rights in a way that ensures justice، and no party should be harmed as possible.
Among the causes disputes and quarrels over money:
First: Delay in repaying the debt or delay in paying the wife's dowry. A long period of time may pass over such contracts، such that the value of the currency agreed upon at the time of borrowing، or at the time of fixing the dowry، changes at the marriage contract to a lower value at the time of payment.
Second: Damage of one party in the financial transactions because of changing the paper currency in circulation for a state of emergency، and not a long period of time has passed since the contract (as happened in Iraq during the fall of the regime and loss of respect for the Iraqi old currency).
Third: Other issues of securing money، such as n anger and damage through transgression and negligence.

Abstract:-
Unlike Iranian Muslim women, who have always had an effective social presence in the society despite the hijab, and especially after the Islamic revolution, they experienced progress in various fields with the hijab, in Arab countries, the hijab was associated with seclusion at home, illiteracy, and backwardness. Is. Therefore, in this context, the reaction of the likes of Marnesi to the issue of hijab is understandable to some extent. Fatimah Marnesi's opinion about hijab is important in two ways; As an Islamic feminist, getting to know her point of view is, in fact, getting to know the opinions of some supporters of Islamic feminism who believe in re-reading the sacred texts of Islam. Second, his famous book in this field, entitled "Veiled Women, Hot Elites" has been translated into Persian. Therefore, in this article, his book has been analyzed by the method of discourse analysis, and the result of this method indicates that Mernesi's hijab discourse contains the signs of "separation", "separation of privacy from public" and "the descent of the verse of hijab". Hijab is a divine order that according to the verses and traditions, hijab is for men and women and it plays an important role in regulating their relationships. It causes the peace and strength of the family and the movement of the society towards the divine goals, therefore, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli says that the hijab is the right of God, so men and women should strive to maintain and observe it. The research method is a library, and the effects of observing hijab and chastity in personal communication are investigated with an emphasis on the thoughts of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli (Damet Barakate).
The present article, with a descriptive-analytical and critical method, based on library sources, aims to criticize the views of Fatemeh Marnesi on the issue of veiling and hijab, relying on the interpretive opinions of Allameh Javadi.

Abstract:-
Debate is one of the oldest teaching methods aimed at developing critical thinking skills and social responsiveness among students. Biology is a subject that requires a deep understanding of concepts and the ability to analyze and think scientifically. Therefore, applying debate in this subject can be a purposeful way to motivate students and strengthen their understanding and skills. The study entitled “The Effect of Applying the Debate Method in Biology on Learners’ Skills” aims to explore how the debate teaching method can affect the development of critical thinking skills among students in biology, as the debate process was positive in developing analysis skills, critical and logical thinking, improved deep understanding of concepts, increased motivation, enhanced communication and cooperation, decision-making, the spirit of openness and independence, critical discussion and scientific research, interaction with the subject matter, and students’ mental readiness and development of their mental skills.

Abstract:
Tourism service providers must have expressive communication skills in order to provide a better tourism product and create a satisfactory tourism experience. To better understand, conceptualize and achieve a multidimensional concept of communication skills, this study aims to review the literature and propose a measurement scale compatible with the modern tourism work environment. Based on the literature review and the questionnaire, the results show the five dimensions of communication skills: written, oral, listening, digital and non-verbal communication skills. In conclusion, the present study will contribute to future empirical research on the communication skills required in the field of tourism. It also suggests new research questions to identify and analyze acquired communication skills.

Abstract:-
Marriage and divorce are important issues of religion and life; In the verses of the Qur'an, God has stated certain rules and conditions to protect the rights of married couples. Today, Quran scholars and other thinkers such as Shahrour have different understandings of these conditions and rulings, which are in conflict with the opinions of jurists and commentators. With the aim of explaining and criticizing Mohammad Shahrour's views, this article has tried to explain and clarify these rules and conditions by referring to the opinion of Allameh Javadi and commentators. This research first explains Mohammad Shahro's opinions about marriage, polygamy and divorce and then criticizes them. Some of the results of the article are: Mohammad Shahrour, while confirming Mesyar's marriage, believes that the issue of polygamy is related to widowed women who have children and establishing justice means justice between their children. He believes that the right to divorce is unique to men and women and believes that the duration of divorce is unlimited. But according to the opinions of Allameh Javadi and the commentators, it can be said: the marriage of the Prophet is in conflict with the religious goals of marriage; The meaning of justice in polygamy is justice between spouses, and each divorce has its own time.

Abstract: -
The Holy Qur'an is the basic source of the Islamic religion from which it derives its teaching, principles and concepts and on its basis the true doctrine is established and through it, the prophecy is proven and through it the argument is established for all people, as it is the eternal miracle, that is definitively proven by the consensus of Muslims and it is impossible for the hand of distortion to extend to it, whether by addition or subtraction. It is considered comprehensive of all human spiritual and physical requirements. A group of linguists have pointed out this, and that it is the original in the Arabic language and that saying that the Qur'an is a source of "Read" is appropriate for memorizing the Qur'an in the chests, because reading is only a restoration and retrieval of what was previously memorized, just as the worshiper encounters it.

Abstract:-
Rhetoric and its many arts play an important role in delivering speech in the best possible way, where speech is delivered in its appropriate place. Rhetoric itself is divided into three sections: meanings, rhetoric and rhetoric, each of which explores several features of eloquent speech, but rhetoric with its four branches (metaphor, simile, metaphor and metonymy) has a more important and prominent role than meanings and rhetoric. Metaphor is also one of the rhetorical arts and contributes to creating beautiful imaginative images. It also helps writers greatly influence recipients and plays a prominent role in creating beautiful literary styles. It is “a form of expression in which facts are presented indirectly, as there is something that calls for pointing to the desired from afar, so it is more effective and sweeter in the soul and more appropriate and deserving when explaining the purpose.” The metonymic style is the best way to express the intended meaning and the one aiming at the goal. It is that the speaker wants to prove a meaning, so he does not mention it with the word used for it in the language, but rather he brings a meaning that follows it and is its successor in existence, so he alludes to it and makes it an evidence for it. This article was written using the descriptive-analytical method and based on the exegetical and rhetorical books to study the views of Al-Alusi and other exegetes about some of the metonymic expressions found in the Holy Quran; therefore, at the beginning, we took the initiative to refer to rhetoric, the science of rhetoric, the concept of truth and metaphor. After that, we referred to the meaning of metonymy in language and terminology, as we referred to the life of Al-Alusi and some of his works. Finally, we have come with some Quranic verses that include metaphor, mentioning the opinions of Alusi and other interpreters about them. The most important conclusion of this article is that Alusi was interested in the art of metaphor when interpreting the Holy Quran and sought to interpret the Quranic verses while taking their metaphorical meanings into consideration.

Abstract:-
Belief in predestination and destiny are among the attributes of a believer, which express the special relationship between him and God. Al-Qadaa and Qadr have been mentioned in many of my verses and hadiths, and faith in us is a command. One of the doubts raised in this regard is that there is typically a contradiction and conflict between the destiny of "al-Qadr" and the issue of action and effort; Because it is said that believing in God's will and destiny is giving up effort in the worldly life on the one hand, and on the other hand, action and effort are commands in Islam, so the conflict between destiny and destiny, action and effort should be stated.

Abstract:-
The main objective of this article is to provide a general overview of the potential applications of artificial intelligence in research, as well as to address the challenges and risks associated with its use. In recent years, the term artificial intelligence has become more prevalent than ever and has impacted various aspects of people's lives. The use of this technology in conducting scientific research and studies, especially with the emergence of chat applications such as ChatGPT, has reduced some time-consuming and cumbersome research processes. This allows researchers to focus on deeper, more important topics and provides greater opportunities for these activities.
However, the use of artificial intelligence in research poses its own challenges and risks, including plagiarism, errors or bias in the text, manipulation or distortion of scientific records, intellectual property rights in production work, and occupational hazards.

Abstract:-
The topic of the research is whether the realistic circumstances and goals of constitutional value on which the constitutional judge is based when checking the law defied by its unconstitutionality are a source of non-codified sources of judicial control over the constitutionality of laws، and therefore whether it is realistic to have those constitutional sources in judicial purposes and in constitutional proceedings when deciding cases before the constitutional judge and issuing judgments and decisions on this issue in the corresponding countries and in the Federal Supreme Court in Iraq.

Abstract:-
The Abbasid era witnessed a period of stability and expansion, but it was not without internal and external conflicts. Among the most prominent of these periods was the rule of Caliph Al-Ma’mun (198-218 AH), which was characterized by many political and social transformations. Among the most important events that characterized this period was the appointment of Ali bin Musa Al-Rida as crown prince, which sparked great controversy among researchers about Al-Ma’mun’s motives among Fairness to the Prophet’s family and political deception, as Al-Ma’mun wanted through this step to win the hearts of many Muslims to his side as a result of the emotional and spiritual connection between Muslims and the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them in general, and Imam Ali al-Rida, peace be upon him, in particular. Al-Ma'mun could also relieve the popular pressure that occurred as a result of the previous Abbasid mismanagement. The decision to appoint Imam al-Rida, peace be upon him, as crown prince came as a glimmer of hope for the Muslims to rid them of oppression and injustice. This hope was the result of the bright image that was drawn in the minds of Muslims of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, of justice and commitment. According to the rules of the true Islamic religion. This decision also led many Muslims, especially the Alawites, to believe that power would devolve to them after Al-Ma’mun. However, on the other hand, there were many supporters of the Ahl al-Bayt who realized the seriousness of this decision, its negative dimensions, and the bad intentions harbored by Al-Ma’mun, and they realized that this step by Al-Ma’mun was what it meant. Nothing but political evasion and deception aimed at gaining more support for his rule, weakening his opponents, and consolidating his authority, and that as an Abbasid caliph he did not differ in his reality from his predecessors among the Abbasid caliphs who were hostile to the Ahl al-Bayt and who robbed them of their legitimate rights. Likewise, Imam Ali al-Rida himself did not neglect that fact, as he was He has high political acumen that enabled him to uncover the true goals and intentions of Al-Ma'mun. In this research, we will review the backgrounds of this decision, its dimensions, and its effects on the Abbasid state.

Abstract:-
According to Quranic teachings, family is a place of peace. The requirements, the effect of belief in God on the emotional development of husband and wife causes the stability of joint life. Necessity demands that couples achieve peace by managing the crisis, and the level of compatibility between couples increases with proactiveness. Trusting and seeking help from the Lord with one's intellectual and natural growth can achieve closeness to God and overcome crises with hope for the future and turn threats into opportunities. It has a special effect and meaningfully eradicates the differences between couples and makes couples feel stable and satisfied with their life together. The current descriptive-analytical article of Baroosh is analyzed with library tools and Quranic documents, in the topic of "the requirements of the effect of belief in God in the verbal interactions of couples on their emotional growth" based on the opinions of Allameh Javadi.