Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The laboratories of the Biology Department were used to conduct this investigation. at the College of Science - Tikrit University for the period from February 2024 to April 2024 and included the work of an aqueous and alcoholic extract of olive leaves. The study was conducted in two aspects, the first aspects is to show the effect of extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) of olive leaves using the diffusion method in the drilling, and the relationship was positive, i.e. whenever the higher the concentration of the extract, effect of its inhibitory becomes greater. The second aspects is to show the effect of antifungals on the yeasts used in the study. The results showed the effect of both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts at all concentrations. Candida albicanis yeast was more affected by the aqueous extract at a rate of inhibition diameter (16 mm), while Candida kefyr yeast was less affected by the aqueous extract at a rate of (12.2 mm). Candida glabrata yeast was more affected by the acetonic extract at a rate of (11.3 mm), while C.kyfer yeast was less affected by this extract at a rate of (6.5 mm). As for antifungals, a number of antifungals were used: Nystatin, Amphotericin, Clotrimazole, and Fluconazole. The antifungal Clotrimazole was the most effective, as it inhibited all the yeasts used in the study. The yeast C. glabrata was the most affected by this antifungal, with an inhibition diameter of (14 mm).

The study included collecting 140 clinical samples (urine, urine of patients with renal failure, burn swabs, wound swabs) from Baquba Teaching Hospital and Baladrooz General Hospital. 71 water samples were also collected from the Public Health Laboratory in Diyala Governorate to investigate the presence of E. coli bacteria. The bacteria were diagnosed morphologically, microscopically, by biochemical tests, and by Vitek device. 44 isolates of E. coli bacteria were obtained and their sensitivity to antibiotics was examined. The highest resistance was recorded to vancomycin (100 %), ampicillin and amoxicillin (86.4 %), and cefotaxime (84.2 %). The highest sensitivity was to ambienem and meropenem (100 %). The virulence factors were examined and the ability of bacteria to produce strong biofilms (16 %) from water samples, metallo-beta-lactamase (4 %), clinical (8 %) water, broad-spectrum beta-lactamase (20 %), clinical (4 %) water, and for the purpose of accurate diagnosis by molecular methods, bacteria were diagnosed using the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, as the isolates appeared at a rate of (100 %).

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the microbial dye extracted from the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, isolated from local oleander flowers. Beta-carotene dye was extracted and identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results showed that the microbial dye exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. A concentration of (0.1 g/ml) showed no inhibitory effect. At (0.2 g/ml), inhibition was observed only against Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of (10.00 mm). Concentrations of (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/ml) showed inhibition against all tested bacteria, with inhibition zones at (0.3 g/ml) being (5.00, 12.00, and 5.00 mm), at (0.4 g/ml) being (10.00, 15.00, and 8.00 mm), and at (0.5 g/ml) reaching the highest values of (12.00, 15.00, and 10.00 mm), respectively. Sensory evaluation of juice containing the microbial dye compared to synthetic dye showed a significant improvement in color (9.96 vs. 7.96, p < 0.05), with no significant differences in taste and flavor. A significant enhancement (p < 0.05) was noted in the texture (9.6 vs. 7.86) and overall acceptability (9.74 vs. 7.19) of the microbial dye. The findings demonstrate that the microbial dye not only possesses antimicrobial properties that help extend the shelf life of foods and beverages but is also well accepted by consumers. Additionally, it serves as a source of vitamin A and plays a valuable biological role in human health.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on the morphological and genetic traits of Lepidium sativum L. (garden cress). Three treatments using well water with varying salinity levels (5.30, 19.17, and 23.35 mg/L) were compared to a control irrigated with Tigris River water (0.80 mg/L). Parameters measured included germination time, plant height, number of leaves and branches, and chlorophyll content. Germination occurred first in M1 (18 hours), followed by M2 (24 hours), and M3 (72 hours), indicating an inverse relationship between salinity and germination speed. M1 plants reached the greatest height (30.67 cm), followed by M2 (30.02 cm), and M3 (16.28 cm). Leaf count was highest in M1 (23), then M2 (22), and lowest in M3 (10). Branch count peaked in M2 (7.1), followed by M1 (6.7), with M3 lowest (5.5). Chlorophyll content was highest in M2 (38.14 Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)), then M1 (37.76 SPAD), and lowest in M3 (33.62 SPAD). Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis was conducted to assess genetic variation. A total of 135 bands were observed: 83 were absent and 52 unique. M2 showed the highest number of unique bands (20), followed by M3 (18), and M1 (14). For absent bands, M2 had 32, M1 had 29, and M3 had 22. The results demonstrate that increased salinity negatively affects germination, plant growth, and genetic diversity, with moderate salinity inducing more genetic variation than high or low levels

Despite not being digested, trace elements and/or heavy metals are important for the activity of enzymes, physiological processes, and homeostasis. If certain trace elements are present in excess, they can have harmful effects and pose major health hazards. Objective: The aims to examine the connection between serum zinc, copper levels, and the Cu/Zn ratio, and several anthropometric parameters, including an index of body mass and the waist-hip ratio. In our study, we used atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to measure serum levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in 60 individuals, 30 patients with kidney cancer and 30 healthy controls. We assessed serum uric acid, creatinine, and urea using the semi-auto analyzer BA-88A (Korea). The results revealed a highly significant in the level of serum Cu, Zn and Cu/Zn ratio when compared with control, additionally high significant elevation in serum uric acid, creatinine and urea when compared with control. The result also indicates a prevalence of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) in patients with kidney cancer when compared with control. Our study compares blood levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in kidney cancer patients to those in healthy controls. We aim to investigate any differences in the prevalence of these trace elements between the two groups, additionally of that a good relationship between BMI and WHR with serum Cu and Zn in the patient with kidney cancer. Current data reveal a significant prevalence of altered levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and the Cu/Zn ratio in patients with kidney cancer

In this work, a prey-predator model with Holling type II functional response is considered. The proposed model incorporates the cost of the fear of predators in prey, effect of environmental pollution and harvesting on prey population. Firstly, the details of model derivation of are given and then some of behaviors of the model solutions are proved, the existence criteria for each of the model equilibrium points are determined. For each of the equilibrium point, the sufficient and necessary conditions for being locally asymptotically stable are found. Via Lyapunov method, the sufficient conditions for global stability of the model equilibrium point are determined. Some numerical simulations are performed to discover the impact of the fear, harvesting population and environmental pollution on prey dynamics

In this paper, I start by introducing and going over the new M-algebra classes. Additionally, I present new classes of soft algebras, which I refer to as soft M-algebras. I next introduce and explore new ideas in soft M-algebras, like soft M-subalgberas and soft M-ideals, using our new connotations. I also presented the theorem of soft M-ideals and soft M-algebras.