Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

This research focuses on studying the relationship between the texts of Nahjul-Balagha and the references to possible metaphysical realms that are beyond sensory perception. Language has the power to evoke things that cannot be grasped by the senses. One of the methods used to bring these metaphysical concepts closer to the listener’s mind is through the use of material origins of metaphysical things، or sometimes those things may not have any material origin at all. Each possible realm has its own laws. For example، the realms of paradise and hell each have their own set of laws، and depicting them in the listener\'s mind by relying on things present in our world serves a motivational or cautionary purpose. Another goal is that، while the unseen (ghayb) is well-known in Arab culture، its concept was not always clear، as it was often surrounded by myths and superstitions. The possible metaphysical realms in Nahjul-Balagha are unique in that they are considered true in our belief، despite the fact that we have not lived through their experiences or laws. The Quran and Hadith were the main sources for referencing and validating these realms.

This study is concerned with highlighting an aspect of fundamentalist semantic research in its late Eras in order to reveal the nature of this specialization in the study of linguistic structures and formulas, which is reflected in the research related to(the command is a formula and a substance), especially among the fundamentalists of the Sheikh Al-Naini school, as they form a developed fundamentalist school and have many semantic contributions, or which relates to the formula in which they wanted to, the properties of the Formula (do), as well as what relates to them in terms of their connotation of One-time or repetition.

The study aims to examine cultural identity intellectually, semantically, and aesthetically, its intersections with reality and cultural patterns, and its operations in the textual space, as a cultural signifier and a communicative field, sensitive to ideology and deep philosophies intersecting with the social, moral, and value crises intersecting with literary theory, In the midst of a systematic critical practice that adopts cultural criticism in analyzing discourse, especially since the text is based on the duality of awareness of self and society that engages with the artistic and semantic levels in form and content, to form a window to the identical equation, which carries cultural and ideological references, and searches the past and the future and anticipates its events, We have monitored concepts that are one of the research mechanisms and an important foundation of its main foundations in order to limit their implications. and its philosophical and intellectual dimensions, This is by pursuing the concept of cultural identity and its approach in literature, as a unique strategy that achieves communication between the human self and cultural and social systems, and to deepen the focus on what is going on in its orbit, we aim to research the extent of its connection to the crisis of belonging, through an effective cultural reading of the underlying patterns of accountability to reality based on the foundations of cultural identity that have become clear. Her features in the play (I Will Die in Exile - A Lost Replacement) by the writer (Ghannam). Ghannam), As an indication of the predicates of the horizon of cultural theory that investigates the question of identity and the cultural content related to the cultural patterns in the discourse, and its scenic manifestations that intersect with the cultural references, in the model play, and its semantic and artistic operations.

This study investigates the use of orientational conceptual metaphors in the poetry of Raad Zamel Al-Maysani, drawing on Lakoff and Johnson's cognitive theory of metaphor. This research explores how Zamel employs directional metaphors to convey cultural, social, and political meanings rooted in his personal experiences. By analyzing the diverse symbolism of these spatial metaphors, the study illuminates the poet's conceptual system, consistent with cognitive linguistic principles, as it emerges from his experiences. Specifically, the analysis examines how Zamel utilizes directional metaphors to represent abstract concepts such as tyranny, injustice, oppression, helplessness, weakness, illness, and misery, grounding them in concrete physical states. Zamel's experience of war and siege profoundly shapes his poetic expression, giving his metaphors flexibility and dynamism and enabling him to vividly depict the trauma of war-torn Iraq. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the power of orientational metaphors to articulate complex emotions and social realities within Zamel's poetic landscape.

In this article, we examine the categorial nature of non-verbal intensive patterns, demonstrating that they are adjectives, based on a set of diagnostics used in linguistic literature. We also distinguish between intransitive intensive adjectives and transitive intensive adjectives with verbal properties, and we show that the theory of Distributed Morphology proposes a suitable analysis that captures these mixed properties in the syntactic component, drawing on previous research, particularly Afrah (2022), that worked on the active participle in several languages, given that it produces similar properties.

The research seeks to uncover the other in the poetic texts of malik ibn al-Rayb، on of the thief poets of the umayyad era . its title is " the other in the poetry of malik ibn al-Rayb"it is، in fact، an indication of the character taken by the poet's personality، and it represented different positions that express his point of view according to convictions issued from him as aresult of his matual relationships with others in the various stages of his life .

This research aims to reveal the inner conflict between love and belonging of the main character named Siham in the novel "Amal" by Syrian writer Dina Nasrini. This is a descriptive qualitative research that uses the theory of literary psychology of Abraham Maslow. It also uses the qualitative data that were collected through the library study and analyzed through text analysis. The results of this research indicate that Siham has love and belonging needs in the form of giving and getting love with her family, boyfriend, and her child. Siham also has inner conflict in fulfilling her needs in the form of avoidance-avoidance conflict that affects the theory of behavior, nothingness, grieving/loss, and aggression.

Objectives: The significance of the research lies in presenting an informative idea on the effective utilization of the two concepts، pain and hope، in his poetry collection (Lan Abi' Al-Umr).
Methods: The texts of Gouida that feature these two terms، either in their direct verbal form or through poetic imagery or synonymous expressions، were utilized. The text was then analyzed according to the intended meaning.
Results: Farouk Gouida، our Egyptian poet، depicted these two concepts in his poetic works. Pain، as presented in Arabic linguistic dictionaries، refers to the experiences a person goes through with their various sensory disturbances and emotional contradictions. There is a distinction between these meanings، on the one hand، and the ways in which the poet approached them throughout his texts، or rather the different ways he experienced this human feeling، on the other. Gouida explored how he dealt with this concept، varying the setting، the people، the emotional state، and the imagery each time. Similarly، the term hope—let's call it the hidden companion of pain—uplifts the suffering individual، revitalizing their humanity and preparing them for life through an idea conceived in the mind، which may succeed or fail. Thus، it is subject to the possibility of “may.”.
Conclusions: The poetic image is the poet’s imprint on the idea that forms in his mind regarding the things and emotions experienced by humans، such as pain and hope، along with the emotional details and diverse images that accompany them. The poet delves into expressing، describing، and portraying these emotions، crafting words that resonate with human depth.