AL-AMEED JOURNAL

The current research aims to know the great role played
by Imam Ali bin Musa Al-Rida (peace be upon him) in achieving
psychological balance for the Muslim individual and the
Muslim community. Imam Al-Ridha (peace be upon him) had
a direct role and many contributions to the spiritual, physical,
intellectual, ideological, and educational building, as well as
the psychological building and support that no less important
than other aspects and structures is that it is the means.
Based on the belief of Imam Al-Ridha (peace be upon
him) that the Muslim individual and the Muslim community
need someone to support him psychologically and make him
self-actualized and confident of himself. He should have a
leader who will work to direct and guide him psychologically
and draw for him the clear path that he is to follow in order to
be a positive in a society.
In this research, the researcher will adopt the educational
research approach in shedding light on the most important
aspects that Imam Al-Ridha (peace be upon him) focused on,
which is considered an effective tool in achieving psychological
health and safety and psychological support for members
of society through his honorable words, blessed actions,
sound guidance, and blessed messages. The researcher chose
Imam Al-Ridha’s Scripture . (A) is a model for extrapolating
and concluding the directives issued by (A) that aim to achieve
balance, structure, and psychological support.

To trace the sources of education, one could find that the
religious education is of two dimensions: one that precedes
the disease, called preventive education and the second that
follows the disease, called corrective education.
There is a significant difference between educational tools
and their goals in the two dimensions, and neglecting them
causes the educator to get confused in using the tools, which
delays or distorts the educational process from its purposes. It
is also noted that the two poles relied on this division mainly
for education, it may cause the educator to confuse prevention
and correction (treatment), so treatment is used in places
of prevention, and prevention in places of treatment.
This division is of great importance in the educational process,
as it precisely defines the circle of the field of the educator
with individuals and societies. Emphasizing the concept
of prevention in humans may remind him of the prevention
of treatment and its positive impact, and pushes him to take
precaution against falling into the disease and its costly treatment.

Education is one of the first tasks of the honorable
prophetic missions, as revealed by the call to refine and
purify souls and care for them through the divine educational
instructions and directives that came on the
tongues of the prophets and messengers. Allah Almighty
said: "It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger
from themselves, reciting to them His verses, purifying
them and teaching them the Book and wisdom
- although before they were in manifest error". The Holy
Quran includes many texts in the chapter of educational
guidance and instructions, and the Sunnah of the Prophet
(PBUH) and the Imams of his family (PBUH) was not far
from that; rather, everyone began to work based on the
call of the Prophet (PBUH) to his nation: "Each of you is a
shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock." He
did not exclude anyone from carrying out this social responsibility,
and the Imam is more deserving of carrying
it out than others from the common people, as he is the
extension of the prophethood after the Prophet (PBUH).
Therefore, the responsibility was great on the Imams
of the Household of the Prophet (PBUH). What concerns

This research aims to identify (the training needs of
social subjects teachers in state schools for metacognitive
skills to verify the following objectives:
First: Knowing the training needs of social subjects
teachers in state schools for metacognitive skills from the
viewpoint of the teachers. The researcher adopted the
descriptive approach as it is appropriate to the research
procedures. The research community consisted of state
schools in the center of the Holy Karbala governorate,
so that the research sample was (63) state schools geographically
distributed in the center of the governorate.
The questionnaire as a research tool was distributed to
the research sample. The researcher used an appropriate
statistical means, SPSS, in the current research.
After analyzing the results statistically, the researcher
found that there was a need to train social subjects
teachers on metacognitive skills, as the questionnaire
showed the importance of the training need according to

The current paper highlights the importance of researching
al-Bata'ini as one of the founders of the Waqifiya sect. He
also has a significant legacy of narrations in Imami books and
545 narrations. Therefore, uncovering his true character contributes
to understanding the reality of deviant sects and their
intellectual foundations. Moreover, the scholarly stance towards
him helps determine the possibility of benefiting from
these narrations at the doctrinal and jurisprudential levels.
The researcher concludes that al-Bata'ini was weak after
his deviation, due to the presence of reliable narrations criticizing
him, in addition to the testimonies of Ibn Fadhal, Ibn
al-Ghada'iri, and al-Tusi regarding his deviation and weakness.
This prevents the acceptance of his reports and narrations.
The researcher also discusses the arguments used to support
his reliability or the acceptance of his narrations and
refuted them for not manifesting his narratives thoroughly.
However, the researcher does not completely reject his narrations
but suggests that they can be used as a witness or support
for another narration or piece of evidence.

his term al-Alqami is attractive to different opinions as it is
originally found in the historical code as a river and the reason
behind this difference is that some of them looked at it from
the point of view of deriving from the plant of al-Alqam that
surrounds it and others thought that it was not taken from
the severity of its sweetness while others singled out its attribution
to one of the media, minister Ibn al-Alqmi, but the
old nomenclature, and the river's spread. When observing the
Alqami River raises a lot of questions that need to be accurately
observed and track the river from the source to the estuary
historical study. Which is to note that rivers generally go from
north to south, that is what the cosmic years have been. However,
we are watching some of the violations of these natural
laws, manifested in the Al-Alqami River, that its path is going
from south to north without extending into a wider space or
more distant space. The study shows that the Al-Alqami River
was like other rivers flowing from north to south, but later
there were topographic shifts that led to the disappearance
and erasure of the northern parts of the river. Only the southern
parts that were formed by the reflection of its course from
the south to the north remain. The scrutiny of this phenom- enon is indicated by the color of the problems and similar between the story of Talout
and his soldiers and the story of Imam Hussein and his family and friends, the prayers
of Allah on them all in many situations, and this is what we will be exposed to in some
detail in research studies in the interview of the days hopefully.

This study aims to identify the level of achievement
culture between physics students at the University of
Karbala and to determine in alignment with the stage of
the students. The researcher adopted a scale that is suitable
for the research community and its objectives. The
researcher verified the psychometric properties of the
scale. The final sample consists of (80) male and female
students, (40) males and (40) females, who were selected
with the stratified random method. After applying the
research tool and analyzing the data statistically using
statistical methods, the researcher reached the findings
below:
• Students at the university (study sample) possess a level
of achievement culture.
• Scope of differences, females obtained a higher percentage
in their use of achievement culture compared
to males.
Based on these findings, the researcher broaches a
set of recommendations and suggestions.

This paper deals mainly with the special non present uses
of the present tense and its functions in English and Arabic
that is of vital importance in both languages. This study tries
to answer the following research questions: 1-What are the
references of present uses in English and Arabic? 2- What are
the functions of present uses in English and Arabic? 3- What
are the similarities and differences between English and Arabic
uses of non present uses?. This study aims at investigating
the present simple uses that refer to different times as well as
it tries to illustrate the similarities and differences in English
and Arabic. To achieve the aims of this study, it is hypothesized
that:(1) Present uses refer to present, future and past
in English and Arabic. (2) Present uses have various functions
such as: habituality and continuity in English and Arabic. (3)
There are certain similarities and difference between English
and Arabic in using non present uses.
The data of this research are English and Arabic contexts
that have present uses and their functions. Besides, this study
makes a comparison between the two languages to explore
the similarities and differences in non-present uses of the
present tense.