AL-Yarmouk Journal

Abstract:
A factorial experiment was conducted during the autumn agricultural season 2023-2024 in one of the fields of Bani Saad district / Diyala Governorate in a sandy mixture soil (Loomy). The experiment included two factors: The first factor is adding humic acid fertilizer and fulvic acid fertilizer at three levels, which are (0 comparison treatment 5 gm per plant humic fertilizer, 2 gm per plant fulvic fertilizer) and is symbolized as follows (M0, M1, M2) respectively. The second factor is adding Eco-Wrp loaded with nano NPK at five levels, which are (0 comparison treatment, 10 kg per hectare Eco-Wrp only, 10 kg per hectare Eco-Wrp + 2 gm per square meter of nano NPK of soil area, 10 kg per hectare Eco-Wrp + 4 gm per square meter of nano NPK of soil area, 2 gm per square meter of nano NPK of soil area) and is symbolized as follows ( E0,E1,E2,E3,E4) respectively and the addition was made (soil addition at the beginning of the planting season) and the aim of the study is to study the effect of adding humic fertilizer, fulvic fertilizer and Eco-wrp loaded with nano NPK on the readiness of NPK and organic matter in the soil. The experiment included 15 treatments resulting from the compatibility between the study factors mentioned above, and a factorial experiment was applied and the experiment included two factors within the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replicates, and the differences between the averages were found))Randomized Complete Block Design (( using Duncan's multinomial test and the specialist analysis was using the (SAS) program, and the averages were compared using Duncan's multiple range test and under 5% probability level, the results showed the following: The addition of 5 gm of humic acid fertilizer per plant + the addition of 10 kg ha-1 Eco-Wrp + 4 gm per square meter of nano NPK of soil area was superior in the concentration of available nitrogen in leaves and tubers and the total plant yield and available phosphorus in tubers which is M1 E3, and the addition of 2 gm of fulvic acid fertilizer per plant + the addition of 2 g per square meter of nano NPK only was superior inThe soil area in the concentration of potassium in the leaves is M2 E4, and the addition of 5 gm of humic acid fertilizer per plant + the addition of 2 g per square meter of nano NPK only exceeds the soil area in the concentration of potassium in the tubers is M1 E4, and the addition of 5 gm of humic acid fertilizer per plant + the addition of 10 kg ha-1` Eco-Wrp only exceeds the concentration of phosphorus in the leaves is M1 E2 .

This study aims to address an important source of historical research, namely the royal decrees and their economic and social impact in the Mamluk era, which is a rich record through which we can stand on a lot of information and facts about the policy of the Mamluk sultans in economic and social aspects. The study also shows the concept of royal decrees in language and terminology and how they were announced, and the economic and social role of royal decrees in the Mamluk era. In this study, the researcher relied on the historical methodology based on collecting scientific material from its original sources and criticizing and analyzing it. One of the most important results reached by the study was to clarify the importance of royal decrees as a reliable historical source for their issuance by the Sultan. It also enables us to stand on many of the economic and social aspects prevailing in the Mamluk era.

It was widely circulated in the ancient books of prosody and criticism that Abu Al-Ataheya used to deviate from the prosody in the poetry he wrote. Abu Al-Ataheya did not deny that he departed from the prosody. Rather, he used to say that it was greater than the prosody, and that it was older than the prosody. It is earlier than the accidents, but if we looked closely at the matter of Abu Al-Ataheya’s departure from the accidents, we would find that he did not depart from it. All the poetic verses in which it was said about him that he departed from the prosody were committed to Al-Khalili’s prosody, and did not deviate from him. It has been proven that the prosodyists did not do their duty to investigate and scrutinize the accusation directed at Abu Al-Ataheya, while the critics continued to repeat what the predecessors said without scrutiny.

This research aims to explore the impact of applying the peer teaching strategy on cognitive improvement in the subject of technical education for second grade students in the city of Al-Azmiya. The research also seeks to answer the following question:
What is the impact of using the peer teaching strategy on improving knowledge achievement in the subject of technical education at the middle stage in the city of Al-Azamiya?
The study followed a semi-empirical approach. The research sample consisted of (60) students who were randomly selected from the second grade students at Al-Azamiya Middle School in Al-Azamiyah City. As for the study tools, the researcher designed a study unit in the field of printing by contract, linking and stenciling, in addition to preparing a collection selection for this study unit, which was applied after verifying its authenticity and stability after teaching the proposed unit. The duration of the trial lasted for eight weeks. The preparation for the experiment included. And make a pre-selection for academic achievement. Then processing the data using the statistical package program (SPSS). The results concluded that there are significant differences between the average scores of the students of the experimental group and the students of the control group in the acquisition of knowledge in technical education for the benefit of the experimental group.

This study aims to uncover relatively recent inhuman crimes that did not appear in their current form until after World War II. They were first mentioned in the Nuremberg Principles which defined international crimes such as murder, extermination, slavery, deportation, and any other inhumane acts against civilian populations before and during wars and persecutions based on political, racial or religious reasons when these oppressive acts and persecutions are taken under the crime against peace or a war crime in connection with those acts.
To understand the extent of these gross inhumane violations and prevent their recurrence, it was necessary to examine the agreements, treaties and rules included in international humanitarian law and international human rights law, including the Genocide Convention of 1946, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998, in addition to what was included in the internal legislation and laws to protect their existence and identity as citizens therein, as stated in the Iraqi Supreme Criminal Court Law No. (10) of 2005.
Let us finally clarify the most important results we have reached with a number of appropriate recommendations to combat this crime with the aim of activating the role of the international system in activating the role of the International Criminal Court to carry out its basic duty in applying its rules to individuals regardless of their international status.

Between the significance of the word "culture" in old Arabic dictionaries and modern Western studies, there is a knowledge gap. This research seeks to fill this gap by presenting a new definition of culture based on cultural studies.
The culture of the early Islamic community around the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the first sample for the research. From there, the research moved to defining culture by citing texts from the Holy Quran, the Prophet's Hadith, and Islamic history, focusing on the social aspects from which the definition of culture and the work of cultural studies begin.

A factorial experiment was conducted during the autumn agricultural season 2023-2024 in one of the fields of Bani Saad district, Diyala Governorate, in a mixed soil (Loam). The experiment included two factors: the first is adding vermicompost worm fertilizer (Vermi Compost) at three levels of 0, 1 and 2% of the soil volume, symbolized byV0, V1 and V2, respectively. The second factor is adding perlite supported by nano-NPK at an amount of 2% of the soil volume and at five levels: O perlite, 2% of the soil volume perlite, 2% of the soil volume perlite + 2 g m2 nano-NPK, 2% of the soil volume perlite + 4 g m2 nano-NPK, and 0 perlite + 2 m m2 nano-NPK, symbolized by P0 , P1 , P2 , P3 and P4 , respectively, with the aim of studying the effect of adding vermicompost and perlite on the readiness of NPK and organic matter in the soil, as well as To know the effect of adding vermicompost and perlite supplemented with secondary NPK on the availability of NPK and organic matter in the soil. The experiment included 15 treatments resulting from the combinations between the study factors mentioned above. A factorial experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The statistical analysis was done using the (SAS) program, and the averages were compared using the Denkin multiple test. Within the limits and under the probability level of 5%, the results showed that the effect of adding vermicompost 2% of the soil volume and 2% of the soil volume perlite + 4 g m2 of nano NPK was significantly superior to the NPK availability and organic matter in the soil.

This study acquires its importance from the fact that it deals with social tolerance Advanced Scouts which is considered as one of the subjects of positive psychology
through verifying the following hypotheses: -
1. There are no statistically significant differences between the rank orders of the experimental group scares before and after programmed.
2. There are no statistically significant differences between the rank order of the experimental and control groups.
Experimental methodology is used to verify the study hypotheses. The sample consists of (30) Advanced Scouts who got less score on the social tolerance measure. The sample is chosen from AL Iraq preparatory school male in the city of Baquba. They are distributed randomly into two equal groups. Counseling program was used according to the strategies of positive psychology with experimental group while the control group is not exposed to such program
. Abdul Razaq scale social tolerance (2005) has been adopted and the researcher made certain modification to be adopted to preparatory school students. It is exposed to a number of experts to be used Validity and Reliability are also achieved
The strategies of positive psychology method are used. The number of counseling session is (12) sessions. The validity of the program is achieved through exposing it to a number of experts.
In order to process data statistically, Pearson correlation coefficient, Smirnov Test, Mann – Whitney test, percentages are used.
It has been found out that:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at 0.05 level of significance in favor of experimental group and counseling program.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at 0.05 level of significance in the post test and in favor of the experimental group.

Beans, Vicia faba L., belong to the Leguminaceae family and have great economic importance, as these plants are used to fix nitrogen in the soil. They are also used for daily food. The phenotypic composition of the plant is directly affected by salt stress. It leads to a noticeable decrease in plant growth and metabolic processes. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C) were used to mitigate the negative effects caused by salt stress on plants. The tolerance of bean plants to different concentrations of NaCl (0, 2.5, 5.0) g.L-1 was studied, and the role of soaking in non-enzymatic antioxidants at a concentration of 225 mg to reduce the harmful effects of salinity in the germination stage. Randomized complete blocks (RCBD) were followed, with five groups, each group having three replicates. Salinity led to a decrease in the germination rate, germination rate, and shoot and root length.

This study aims at investigating the effects of using mind mapping on developing reading skills of the second-year learners in Diyala University / Collage of Basic Education. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher adopted the experimental design. The sample of the study consisted of (69) students divided into two groups, (35) students for the experimental group and (34) students for the control one. The sample is randomly chosen from the second stage.
The researcher designed activities related to reading topics, these activities are based over mind mapping activities which are used in teaching the experimental group, while the traditional method is used in teaching the control one in the first term of the academic year 2021-2022. A reading test is designed and validated to be used as pre and post-test for the two groups of the students. The data are analyzed statistically by using t-test formula to measure the difference between the performances of the experimental group in the pre and post-test.

The conventional ideas of detecting such attacks are fast becoming obsolete because of the ever-evolving dynamics of 5G network traffic. This paper aims to investigate the most effective use of deep learning to identify DDoS threats in 5G networks. The study with CICIDS2017 and UNSW-NB15 datasets applies both CNN and LSTM models on the network traffic classification. These statistics show that the approaches identify DDoS attacks with great precision and often (98% for CICIDS2017 and 94% for UNSW-NB15), and remember them well (96% and 92% receptively).
The paper shows that the model successfully learns traffic patterns characteristic of DDoS attack and surpassing the performance of traditional approaches. But issues like the noisy database and model versatility were raised, meaning that there is plenty of scope to make the training data more diverse. As inferred from the results, it is possible to greatly improve the protection of the 5G networks from DDoS attacks with the help of the integration of deep learning into network security systems. As the evolution continues, more attention should be paid on enhancing the model stability and expanding the training datasets for attacking more diverse scenarios that can become a supreme benefit of using deep learning in securing 5G networks.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that may be related to other autoimmune disorders like thyroid disorders. This study focused on the incidence of hypothyroidism in seventy Iraqi adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The participants were selected randomly from the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes (Al-Kindi Hospital) / Baghdad, attending regular follow-up appointments at the diabetes clinic. The age range is between 10- 19 years old (55.7% females and 44.3% males), serum samples were analyzed for Fasting blood glucose F.B.G., glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, C- peptide, triiodothyronine T3, thyroxine T4, thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, anti-thyroid-peroxidase (anti-TPO) measurements, as well as, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each participant. The study results revealed that 18.6% of participants exhibited poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 10%), 42% tested positive for anti-TPO antibodies, and 76% displayed low C-Peptide levels. Additionally, 24.3% of type 1 diabetic adolescents had high TSH levels and 83% of them showed positive anti- TPO antibodies. Current study indicates that type 1 diabetes mellitus may impact the thyroid gland and its hormone levels, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction. 21.5 % of the adolescent diabetic type 1 patient group were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. These findings closely align with numerous prior studies; however, none have specifically addressed adolescents.

The clashing era of the nineteenth century witnessed various drastic events and changes on the whole Globe. The new scientific theories and inventions alongside with the industrial revolution placed their on hand impact on the life of people at that time. The Victorian Age covers the period from 1837- 1901; as it is linked with the reign of Queen Victoria for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, its influence can be seen within the classes of modern communities in Europe and United States of America. The newly cultural trends that were spreading at that time had a great echo and acceptance on the literary arena. Thus, Henrik Ibsen (1828- 1906) tried hard to reflect a genuine image for modern women in European life during the modern era. Henrik Ibsen was a famous Norwegian playwright and theatre director. He was one of the founders of modernism in theatre. Ibsen was usually referred to as "the father of realism" and the most influential playwright of the 19th century period on modern literature, His characters are alive persons of everyday life with true ups and downs. That is why; he portrayed his characters without modulation. Readers could find in his dramas people they knew earlier and seen before. A Doll’s House was written by Ibsen in 1879 to show modern women image in Europe in general more than in Norway in particular. This research paper and based on the Feminism Criticism Theory addresses the image of women in the play. The paper also sheds light on the role of women in the play with critical analysis for the characters of the play alongside their human reactions.

The research paper tries to rate and investigate cognitive complexity level of Iraqi EFL sixth grade preparatory learners' ministerial exams. The study sample is the forms of the final ministerial exams for the academic years (2019-2023) administered to the Biology branch students for both the first and the second sittings. The study instrument is a scale built by the researcher. After extracting face validity and reliability of the instrument, research data are described and analyzed by using different statistical techniques.
The research paper finds that the ministerial test formats have paid much attention to the cognitive levels of knowledge and application because of the ease with which test asks are formulated and the ease of answering them by students. However, the test formats have neglected higher order cognitive levels: analyzing, evaluating and creating, especially the last two levels which do not have any scores in the study analysis. Though writing tasks are meant to measure the level of creating, still the majority of the students memorize ready-made texts related to the pre-determined topics of writing. One solution might be to increase the writing tasks and to remove the ministerial specification of the topics tested in the final exams. Moreover, it is found that the ministerial exam formats do not specify test items that attend to oral skills: listening and speaking though the syllabus contains tasks related to both. Finally, the study puts forwards some recommendations based upon the findings.

Traditional methods for brain cancer diagnosis rely on manual interpretation of medical images, which have limitations such as subjectivity and human error. In recent years, the use of deep learning (DL) in brain cancer diagnosis has shown promising results, especially in detecting and classifying various types of brain tumors. This research aims to develop an accurate and effective method for brain cancer diagnosis in medical images using six deep learning techniques. The algorithms were trained on two large datasets from the global Kaggle website. The results of the diagnosis accuracy were mixed. When tested on the first dataset, CNN and CNN-GRU achieved 99%, while VGG19 achieved 94%, CNN-LSTM achieved 92%, CNN-SVM was somewhat convincing with 87% accuracy, and DNN lagged very low compared to the rest of the models with 61% accuracy. When applied to the second dataset, the results showed that CNN maintained its efficiency with 99% accuracy, and CNN-GRU failed when compared to the results achieved on the first dataset with 60% accuracy. CNN-LSTM, VGG19, and CNN-SVM models achieved 97%, 96%, and 95% results, respectively. In addition, DNN also did not achieve good results with an accuracy of 62%.

This study deals with the rhetorical device, metonymy and Hyperbole, that are specially used in the political or War speeches as elements of exaggeration usually exploited by politicians to achieve certain interests. The researcher tries to show that politicians in general almost try to persuade their audience that what they (the politicians) say is the whole truth forgetting that the information they introduce may be imposed on their audience in a rude impolite way.
The study begins with introducing the elements of meaning and pragmatics. Grice conversational maxims are also mentioned and how the violation and breaking of each would result in showing certain figures of speech as hyperbole. Also, it is shown that the exaggerated style used by politicians would certainly affect the degree of the expected politeness shown to audience.
Two political speeches are chosen to be analyzed.