Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The trade markets are acquiring their importance from the need of
people for them. The more the people need, the more the importance. Bab
Al-Moadhem trade center of one of the forms on which people depend for
work and shopping, whether the shoppers where from the nearby
neighborhoods or from distance areas. The importance is constant and
persistent due to the distinguished location near city center and the Bus
Station there. The importance also increased due to being a market for a
number of the shoppers. The result of the study is the emphasis on the
importance through the raise of the number of shoppers in average of
(11.229) shopper/ day during the rush time in the days of the week. The
biggest ratios of those shoppers were from outside the area of the study that
comes for their jobs in the governmental institutions and directorates.
However, most of those shoppers suffer from the congestion of markets
and the lack of organization and order and the mixing of the vehicles with
the movement of the shoppers in addition to the absence of the municipal
services like paving the streets and the spread of the garbage in the sides of
the market. That necessitates the activation of the role of the municipal
offices to develop the center in consistence with the needs and requirement
of the city.

The research aims to shed light on one of the phenomena that have
spread in the cities of Iraq, represented by the cities and the revival of the
slum, which was built in irregular beating regulations and laws pertaining
to zoning and land use within the Iraqi city of urban space, which led to
distortion and change the features of morphological Iraqi city and in
particular the city of Mahmudiya model for this emergency demographic
phenomenon, as it has been the study of three residential neighborhoods
random inside the urban center of the city through a field survey and the
impact of that change on the morphological features of the city. The town
of Mahmoudiya, one of the haunted Baghdad province to the south of the
capital Baghdad, about 29 km towards the city of Hilla, an area within the
municipal boundaries of more than 17 km 2 is equivalent to 1700 hectares,
and accounted for 6.9% of the total elimination of space adult total 1452
km 2 which is equivalent to 145 200 hectares. The city experienced a
population increase for large period between 2000-2014 amounted to more
than 15,000 people, with an estimated population of the city - the center -
for the year 2000 by about 78 625 people compared with the last census of
the city was in 1997, as it appeared that the population of the city - the
center arrived 64 817 people, an annual growth rate of the population was
estimated at 3.2%, while the population reached according to the latest
census of the city to more than 100,000 people as a result of increased
population and natural in the number of births and low mortality rate and
population migration from the surrounding countryside or nearby cities.
The number of slums in the city center and its outskirts eight slums map
within the residential use of the center town of Mahmudiyah, has been the
study of three residential neighborhoods and is a model Random Alnorneighborhood Almertdy- neighborhoods Abu wax

The Governorates of Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah are characterized by high
Continental degree, and low Marine degree. Showing Continental and Marine degree
for every Governorate depending on the period of study is the most important aim in
this research.
The highest continental degree recorded in the study area was 96.7%, in Basrah in
2008 according to Borisov equation, and the Continental refers to very severe
continental climate. This Continental degree was the highest between three other
equations used depending on weather Stations Data In Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah, The
continental Degree according to equations refer to rise trend in the period 1984-2013.

The Iron is an metallic mineral most widely used in many fields of industries for
the time being, because it considers as a principal material for different fields of
Extractive and transformative industries. The manufacture of the metal cistern (tank) is
on the top of the Iron manufacture that most of industries rely on this metal, like many
other industries , Iron industries have great ground , and it interact with the other
industries. this study consist of three sections as follow:
Section one : Geographical elements which help to develop and spread Iron industries
fields (metal cistern) in the area (Al Sheik Umer)in Baghdad.
Section two: Take deep lock on the steps of metal cistern manufacturing.
Section three : Highlighting on the most crucial problems that obstacle the Iron
industry

The Iraq's relations with the European Union countries of the oldest and surest
Iraq's foreign relations, in spite of the damage to those relationships during certain time
periods, and sometimes degradation several considerations, they quickly return to
normal, the importance of Iraq's strategy for European countries on the one hand, and
interest in Iraq, the European its relations On the other hand.
The EU played an important role in Iraq in the era after 2003, through important
political relations with the Iraqi government, and try to achieve a real partnership in the
political, economic and cultural fields, and interested in EU areas of human rights, and
civil society organizations, and strengthen the Iraqi security capacity and we will try in
this Find the study of the positions of the European Union countries of Iraq, and then try
the European Union and Iraq to establish a strategic partnership between them.

The urbanite expansion regarded one of the important subjects which has occupied
wide space in city geography field, rather expanded more than this field towards
humanitarian sciences that has great relation with other sciences due to its importance
in stability of population and happy living.
This research has dealt with the subject (The urbanite expansion upon the uses style of
Land Use effected factors in it, Al-Dor town as case study) . It consisted of
introduction, objective, the problem of the research, hypothesis and the method of
research .
First topic dealt with basic designs experienced by the town, it expansion regarding
population and other services . Second topic dealt with effected factors upon uses style
which included natural, economical and social factors. The research finally draws some
conclusions and recommendations

Find goal
1. psychological study of pollution at Baghdad University Students
2. Measuring the differences in psychological pollution variable depending on the sex
and specialization
3. social harmony measure at Baghdad University Students
4. Tradition measure pollution between psychological and social compatibility
Was selected a random sample of the research community, the researcher prepare a tool
to measure the psychological pollution and adopted the dry Scale (2010) to measure
social consensus, and after analyzing the data statistically significant results showed that
college students suffer from psychological pollution and have no social consensus and
these results showed researcher set of recommendations and propos

When a group in the community is classified as elite educated, meaning
that there are foundations awarded through which this group as such,
because they will control the reality and destiny of this community, they
are the compass that will go by individuals as elite graduate as a reference
carrying the grotesque craggy melody preponderance of mind and insight
and vision needed the course of life, so the hopes pinned on the urgent
imperatives of these elites in the delivery of and put it in a bank here to
safety. But when they go sour these elites and become weak in
thoroughbreds its components through which remain march of this society,
then are these missed compass success and lost triggers labeled as elite and
deviated from the leadership is serious for this community, and that is what
has happened in the elite Iraqi intelligentsia, which refers to him things to
different images of rupture and rivalries and rifts plaguing chose these
elites, society loses confidence in those who entrusted him with the care of
the governing authority tasks, especially if the final was practiced
dictatorship abhorrent to people

The study aimed to know the effect of acceleration of knowledge in the achievement and the
development of scientific thinking among students of the first grade average, compared to the
usual way strategy, formed the research sample of 55 students, it has been Tozaahn randomly
into two groups rewarded in the variables (chronological age and attainment former chemistry
in half year and educational attainment of the parents and scientific thinking). Dُrst experimental
group of (28) students in accordance with the accelerator cognitive strategy, and studied group
(control group) and of the number of members (27) students in the usual way.
The achievement test preparation according to the levels of Bloom (remember, absorb and
apply the analysis), was checked by a charity and persistence, and the measure of scientific
thinking in chemistry. After applying Odata Search results revealed a statistically significant
difference in favor of the experimental group students who studied in accordance with the
accelerator cognitive strategy in the test grades as well as in scientific thinking in chemistry
scale.

The research aimed at investigating the effect of teaching by using
systemic approach to get physics at 2nd intermediate grade students
through verification of the null hypothesis which was put by the researcher
. The researcher chose 2nd intermediate grade students in Humat Al-Watan
Intermediate school – Baghdad education directorate – Al-Rasafa -1
intentionally, as a sample for the experiment.
The sample consisted of (44) students (female) at amount of ( 22)
student for experimental group , studied according to the systemic approach
and (22) students for control group studied according to ordinary approach
. Both groups were equivalent in variables ( time age by months ,
intelligence v, previous information ) .
The researcher adopted achievement test consisted of ( 40 ) items ;
experimental and objectivity . Credibility was checked by expose the items
of the test to several experts and specialists . Also the test was analyzed by
extracting difficulty coefficient and variable force and the efficiency of
wrong alternatives , besides extracting fixation for the test .The researcher
applied the experience in the second course of the academic year ( 2014 -
2015 ) . After applying the test upon both groups , correcting the mistakes
of the students , analyzing the results statistically , it confirmed rejection of
null hypothesis . According to the results ; the researcher discovered that
the use of systemic approach has great effect in achievement comparing
with ordinary . The researcher suggested some recommendations and
proposals

This study was conducted in the province of Diyala, targeted know the impact of
the specimen knowledge in the collection of geographical material and retained when
students fourth grade literary To achieve the aim of the research chose researcher
sample of schools Diyala province consisted of 60 female students were distributed
across the experimental groups and the control group, after a parity statistical among
students groups , promising researcher experiment kits of targets behavioral and lesson
plans, then a promising achievement test be 40 paragraph of multiple choice and pans
marked by honesty and consistency and objectivity, a layer researcher at the end of the
experiment, and reached higher than students in the experimental group to the control
group. In light of the search results researcher recommended that the attention of
teachers of general subjects of social and material especially paradigm of knowledge, in
order to fit with the mental and cognitive abilities of the students. He proposed to hold
subsequent studies complementary research

The research deals with the use of free homework and its effect on
fourth elementary school in sciences). A multiple-choice test was
distributed which consists of a set of paragraphs of (20) checksums
paragraph probationary status with alternatives for the purpose of choosing
the right correct answer. The preparation of these paragraphs taken from
the book of science for fourth grade primary has included the three units
of the first unit (human and House)and the second (human, water and air)
and the third unit (human and food) It was presented to experts and
specialists in science and teaching methods of measurement and evaluation,
and the percentage of agreement (80%) on the survival of all the
paragraphs, and the researcher applied to the sample and exploratory s
(50),pupil of outside the study of school (beacon) for the purpose of
extracting the psychometric characteristics and using statistical of the
paragraphs of the test results were hogback all paragraphs without deleting
the paragraph because that as high as(20%) or more paragraph good
extension (4), then a researcher on the application of the test worked his
image on the final two groups (experimental and control), amounting to
their number (60) Delmarva on 8/12/2015 and the results after the
statistical analysis using (spss)There is no difference statistically significant
between the average scores students (the experimental group) who are
studying in accordance with the homework and free between the scores of
students (the control group) the usual way and in favor of the experiment
group at the level of significance (0,05) Table (6) using AI (t-test) to
calculate the calculated value

This study was conducted in the province of Diyala, targeted know the effect Robson
strategy in the collection of Arabic grammar and keep it when students fourth grade
literary, and to achieve the goal of research chose researcher sample from a school in
Diyala province amounted to 54 students divided between experimental groups and the
control group, and having done research, parity Statistical between the two students, a
promising experiment kits of formulating behavioral objectives and prepare lesson plans,
then a promising achievement test to measure achievement and retention be 40 paragraph
characterized by honesty and consistency and objectivity, a layer on the sample at the end
of the experiment, and reached higher than the experimental group students to the control
group students and recommended researcher worthwhile teaching modern methods of
teaching, and emphasize the importance Robson strategy in basic education colleges and
colleges of education curricula so as to understand the way a good understanding. It was
suggested that subsequent studies complement for this search.

The current research aims to find out the effectiveness of a computerized program
in the light of e-learning for Education in Islamic thinking Critic at the fourth grade year
students. And achieve the goal Find researcher junior chose secretary for boys of between
junior high school and high school day for boys in the Directorate General of Educational
Rusafa / second in Baghdad, as my intention and chose, two divisions of the fourth grade
at random, represented Division (a) of the number of students (36 students) the control
group, who studied Islamic education using the traditional method, and represented the
Division (b) of the number of students (36) experimental group students who studied
Islamic education using a computerized program
Rewarded researcher students between the two groups in the number of variables
including (Alamralzimna, educational attainment of the parents, the Islamic Education
degrees for the first semester 2015/2016). Through data researcher found to exceed the
experimental group that Islamic education program studied the computerized control
group which studied the traditional way
Through the results obtained by the researcher, it is concluded that:
1. The use of a computerized program in teaching Move the psychological motivations of
the experimental group students , pay attention and think and work and succeed.
2. The middle school appropriate to use the computerized program grades, as students
have at this stage may have reached the stage of mental and emotional maturity than their
parents to accept this model
Researcher recommended a number of recommendations including:
1. The need for the adoption of computerized program in the teaching of Islamic
education material for students of the fourth grade literary.
2. The need to inform teachers of Islamic education on the basis of computerized
programs, and through educational courses or seminars, publications own.
The researcher suggested to conduct a similar study in other stages of seminars and
classes

The aim of the research has detected in knowing on Arabic language
students' levels in understanding the listening. The two researchers
prepared lists in skills understanding the listening that should be available
to the sample of the research. The sample of the research in its first form
from (16) skill and after many injuries have read the agreement has done on
(12) skill, and after that the test of understanding in listening was reordered
from type of multiple choices that consisted of (12) were agreed on them ,
the test prepared to many injuries to sure from its accuracy and after that
applied on the sample that consisted of (60) male and female student in
(30) male student and (30) female student to measure regression and the
test was repeated again after (15) days passed by using regression beronit
was resulted that regression (0,78), distinguish factor for measure
difficulties for points of that test and then it was applied on basic sample
for research that consisted of (200) male and female students. The two
refreshers have investigated that.

The current research aims at knowing the effect of Driver on the
Achievement of the literature on Kurdish Language Students.
In order to achieve this aim, the two researchers have chosen 3rd stage
students in Kurdish department – College of Education, Ibn Al-Rushd as to
be field for applying their experiment. The sample is 61 students, where
experimental group includes 31 students and control group (30) student.
The two researchers have equalized between these two groups in respect to
time, intelligence, and former year's final marks of the students in
Literature. The two researchers have placed 51 behavioral goals based on
(Bloom)classification in cognitive side; the experiment continued for one
complete course, during which teacher of the subject taught the two
groups of the research, she prepared post-test composing of two main
questions , the first question includes 21 items , while the 2nd question
includes 29 items .It has been verified its reliability by offering it to a set of
experts in language and methods of teaching. After applying the test on
two groups of the research and statistically processing data, it appeared
that there were statistically differences at 0.05 for experiment group that
studied according to Driver method.

The Current research aims to identify the effect of Brain Storming in the
achievement The Biological Concepts of the Female Pupils at the
Intermediate Stage. and accordingly, hypothesis was formulated as
following: - the null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant
differences at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of the
experimental group students who studied according to Brain Storming and
the average degrees of the control group students who studied according to
the traditional method in the achievement test . The present study is limited
to the first-grade intermediate female students in Misan Province in 2010-
2011. The researcher determined the material by the first three chapters
from the first-grade biology textbook (2009).The research sample consists
of (67) students ,which was divided to two groups ( 35 ) students for the
experimental group and ( 32 ) students for the control group . The two
groups were equalized with some variables that might affect the
independent variable : 1-Pre-achievement in the subject matter of biology .
2-Pre- knowledge of the scientific materials . The Researcher put tool for
the study: achievement test multiple-choice consists of ( 40 ) that measures
the three levels of Bloom (remembering , comprehension , application). ,
both face validity and content validity are verified. By using the (K.R.-20) ,
the reliability of the test reached to (0,80). After the experiment and data
analyze the study arrived at the following results: statistically significant
differences between the experimental group and the control group in
achievement test on the behalf experimental group studied according to
Brain Storming.

The study is about the educational method of the modern Islamic thought which
aimed essentially to draw the features of the modern Islamic educational philosophy in
its effort to achieve the aim of the universal mission in making the suitable man who
carry this mission through building his inner content that consider the base of the
movement of History and Society .
The study includes an (Introduction) which includes the role of education and its
effect in the complementary and declension of peoples according to its educational
systems which reflects its whole philosophy of universe.
The objects of research are :
1- The connection between the education and the whole conception of universe.
2- The elements of the educational method in Islam.
3- The crisis of the Islamic educational method.
Then the research draws a conclusion contained the prominent results obtained in
this study.

Truth, which we reach to by searching, is the aim of justice. Islamic sharia,
through its jurisprudence rules ,has ratified ,stable and derived means
through significance and signs, which are evidenced that aim something
without using it. That means any proof stands on deriving unknown thing
from another which is known. The jurists consider the presumption as a sign
that leads us to the unknown matters ,concluded and derived from
accompanied proofs for that ambiguous situation .Without these ,we can't
reach to the truth .An example for that is the sing mentioned in the Holly
Koran from the strong of Prophet Youssef 'peace of Good be on him' which
says ;'If his shirt was torn from the face ,she is right and he is a liar ' and
also in the speech of God messenger Mohammad 'prayers and peace of God
to bean him 'that refers ;'the boy belongs to the bed ,and the lap is for the
hoer '. And there are many conclusions that are derived from evidences that
accompany the incidents which were used by the Prophets friend's
,'satisfaction of God to be on them ',to issue juristpondent rules aiming to
prove the facet .From this ,we can say that there is ability to depend on
contemporary devices like the hereditary print ,D.N.A analyzing or factory
analysis of blood traces or hair ,and phonetic and photographic records ,or
even the police dogs that they can be regarded as accompanied evidences
that aiming the murder . Those proofs don'ts differ the meaning and
approach the facts. Neglecting these evidences ,which are not contrasting
,mean the we may lose and waste the rights ,that were issued as resolutions
by the Islamic Juristpondent Institute

Pronounciational (verbal) interplay is one of the indicators of the
richness of the Arabic language as well as its flexibility and hugeness
which is blessed by the all mighty God. The research tackled the origin of
that verbal interplay it also includes scientist points of views that are with
or against its existence in the Arabic language. The researcher choses Sura
Mariam as a model for that study due to its richness that meet the demands
of this research.

The researcher are studying the concept of luxury and smug this logic
ignorant as problematic take meaningful dominated the will of the material
well-being, and reverse the will of the faith and values in life systems and
considers the researcher to subdue the subject of the perspective of
subjective interpretation and referendum texts connects to the conviction to
build a behavioral system clearly represents an anchor read Kan merits of
the deal with the article, which should be subject to the standards and
criteria developed by the Koran, there is a Koranic texts dealt with the
matter and offered to him in detail and sometimes signal at other times, and
this signal and detail as possible to reach an integrated perspective in this
regard.