Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The research entitled (The role of international and national organizations
in reducing environmental pollution), contained introduction and three
sections, conclusion and recommendations. The research dealt with the
theoretical rooting of environmental concepts, environmental pollution,
international organizations, and national organizations. The research
touched on the role of international organizations represented by the
establishment of the United Nations Program for the Protection of the
Environment and the promotion of international cooperation, and the
contribution of the United Nations Organization in establishing and
sponsoring international conferences and concluding international
agreements and supporting and following up regional and specialized
organizations, such as the World Health Organization, the International
Red Cross, the International Atomic Energy Agency and others, Which
contributed to shedding light on the essence of the problem of
environmental pollution in most countries of the world, with its seriours
attempts various.to confront its repercussions

Real estate goes through many legal procedures in order for its owner to acquire the legal capacity in dealing with it, but there are some real estates that have remained for a very long time in the possession of their owner, yet these procedures have not been completed for one reason or another. Legislative capacity under the term (renewed real estate registration), as an exceptional legal procedure and the only solution to address the ownership of this type of real estate. Our research discussed this important issue at the present time as it is a thorny and complex issue that derives its importance from the practical application of its close connection with real estate not registered in the Real Estate Registration Department and its judicial disputes before the courts, which prompted the legal legislation to give this issue great importance and referral requests for this registration to many committees The competent judiciary, which is what the Iraqi legislation has turned to, and this reality has revealed to us many legal problems and questions, This research attempts to discuss it and find suggested solutions for it, including who owns these unregistered real estate, and what are the requirements and conditions for its registration for the purpose of establishing its ownership, how it was addressed, what is new in it, and the adequacy of the legal rules in Iraqi legislation to confront this type of registration These and other questions will be the focus of this research

Professional secrets and their preservation, the fields that you write, are of
great importance in the confidentiality relations of professionals from the
important matters in the profession, because partnership with professional secrets,
concealing them, his works, his works, my land, the honor of honor and honesty, and that
their disclosure leads to the establishment of Social protection prevents protect, maintain,
legal prohibition prevents you from securing insurance protection, disclosure, security,
security, security, maintain, there was a communication contract attached to its
attachments and installed.

Digital money is one of the modern innovations created by technological
advances, and economic conditions due to the global coronavirus
pandemic accelerated their spread. If money is considered the greatest
discovery of mankind, today, more than ten years ago, we are witnessing
the birth of a new era of money, the age of digital money, the first
cryptocurrency dubbed "digital money". Bitcoin, on January 3, 2009, was
launched by someone who called himself a symbolic name. (Satoshi
Nakamoto), digital money is the latest step towards central Internet
services. This topic has become a controversy for legal and economic
jurisprudence between supporters and opponents. Although the reality of
the transaction has proved its existence through the treatment of large
companies such as the company Microsoft and Diel have been
recognized in some countries in the world and adopted currency like
others.
Through this research we will highlight the concept of digital money, and
the legal problems that accompany it, as these money are only digitally
and electronically available codes, not materially -Untangible -
Processed using computer devices or electronic wallets basically based
on encryption principles, they are not issued by a particular monetary
authority or bank. There is no control authority over it, nor does it have
any serial number. And no traceability means to reach the seller or
buyer, and that's where the dangers lie. But the dealers see that this is
one of the things that contributed to its spread. Because of the lack of
legal regulation of the subject matter, our study will be in the light of
international and domestic legislation, including Iraqi law.

The smart programs operating in the digital container represented by
the blockchain platforms or other smart digital platforms that support the
smart contracting process conclude and implement these contractual models
based on the contractual instructions and protocols provided by the
contractors. These programs are characterized by multiple characteristics,
most notably independence in taking The appropriate decision in the interest
of the contracting employee.

The most important areas of family protection in international law are two very
important issues. The first issue is the need for countries hosting refugees to work
on family reunification. This is an obligation, if not expressly stipulated in asylum
law, but it derives its basis from international human rights law. Human rights,
international humanitarian law, and children’s rights law. The second is to take
into account the personal status of the refugee family related to issues of
marriage and divorce and the resulting effects, and to issue civil documents and
personal documents to prove legal identity in order to exercise the rights related
to the family life of the refugee family.

The “right to protect personal data” is one of the basic human rights,
and it has been recognized by the United Nations to preserve the personal
data of individuals from the risks that they may be exposed to, so it is
necessary to protect personal data legally, by enforcing this right
constitutionally, in addition to the legal guarantees for this The right, , so
we decided to address this issue by researching the meaning of the right
to protect personal data, and the characteristics of the right, and the
position of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 on
this right.

It is known that there are different legal principles that must be respected by the
parties to the contract, because they constitute a law of the contract, and are
represented in the principle of binding force, and the principle of relative effect, as the
contractual obligations arising correctly take the place of the law, where they must be
respected by the parties to the contract, not Cancellation or modification except with
the consent of the parties, and since the assignment of the contract makes the
transferor outside the contractual stage where a third party replaces him in the
contractual bond existing between him and the assignee, it raises a controversy as to
the extent to which the assignment of the contract is compatible with the principle of
binding force of the contract, and on the other hand, the question arises about the
status of the transferor. As for the transferee, is he considered a party to the contract,
and then it does not constitute a breach of the principle of relativity of the effect of the
contract.

This study revolves around the nature of the rules and provisions concerned with the
protection of the environment at the level of international law, and do these rules and
provisions guarantee the provision of real protection for the environment, especially
in the present time often exposed to the natural environment with its various elements
to a lot of abuses and attacks that led to its deadly, because The environment is one of the human rights that have entered under the rights of the third generation or what
is called the rights of solidarity, as a clean environment is a sacred duty that all
states and the international community must respect and work to improve for present
and future generations, and in order to ensure the stability of the environmental
situation we will also shed light On the most important international achievements
and works that stipulate respect and protection of the environment, whether they are
international agreements or organizations.

The stock market maker is considered one of the most important influences
on the stock market with its ability to strike a balance between supply and demand,
find fair pricing, reduce the number of speculators, support investors and also
provide liquidity and control fluctuations and crises that occur in the stock market, but we find that. The texts regulating how the market maker performs its activity
by making one or more securities markets are absent in the Iraqi legislation.
Accordingly, we address in this study a very important topic, which is the
legal organization of the stock market maker, the conditions that must be met by
the market maker, the procedures that he takes to obtain the approval of the
competent authorities to grant him a license to practice his activity, and the models
that the laws of the comparative countries have taken to control crises and
fluctuations in the stock market.
As a result of this study, the laws of the comparative countries have created
their own model and enacted laws, decisions and regulations to regulate the
activity of the market maker in their securities markets.

Slavery represents a social phenomenon based on the strong man’s
exploitation of a weak man, and this image represents slavery in the
beginnings of primitive human society, whose concept and forms
changed with the development of human society. of similar practices.

The current research aims to identify the protection of civil aviation under general
international law, where the importance of research in the performance of civil aviation at
the present time highlights an important role at the international level in various aspects of
international relations, as it contributes a fundamental role in the global economy, where
the problem of this study revolves around: Protection of civil aviation under public
international law
In order to shed more light on this protection, we will divide this research into two sections:
the first discusses the protection of civil aviation under human rights agreements, while
.we will devote the second to discussing this protection under civil aviation agreements

The citizen\\'s right to health is not enough to be stipulated in charters and
legislation, but more importantly is how to embody this right on the ground and
within the local legislation of each country, where the right to health care is
emphasized as one of the basic rights, without which a person will not be able to
enjoy Other rights: economic, political and social rights. It includes the right to
optimum physical and mental health. Since the right to health care is not absolute
in itself, The efficiency of its implementation depends on the ability of the
administrative, institutional and legal systems established by the state to
implement the specified functions correctly and on the individual, his health
condition and his daily lifestyle. The researcher focuses here on the research
problem to what extent the Iraqi citizen’s right to health and health care has been
embodied in the various health problems that afflict the human being, based on
the legal legislation dealing with the matter and its effectiveness on the ground
and the supporting and supportive means for its implementation and the
development of the appropriate healthy environment for the Iraqi individual.