The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
The Muslim woman in the era of the message enjoyed a special importance in our Islamic sources, as she was the ideal for Muslims to follow her presence at that time covered many areas of life. However, the women's voice in the sources began to decline after the era of the Companions, Information about her was decrease, and that indicate either her role decline or the sources neglect it. Which we prefer because of the predominance of the male view on society.
and from resource view, the situation of the Alawite woman is not different from that of other Muslim women. When reviewing the sources related to the Alawites, we find a great reluctance to mention the woman except for some of the famous among them. Here we find a focus on the relative affiliation of women in the upper relative sources, the research sheds light on the Muslim woman in our Islamic sources and the extent of her interest in women's affairs, then it deals with the Alawite woman in the Alawite genealogical books, then the phenomenon of motherhood in our relative sources.

Abstract:-
One of the most important books in the field of Jarh and Ta’deel for the Imami Shi’a is the book “First Asma’ al-Shi’ah Compilers” or what is known as the men of Negus, and this book has been relied upon by the scholars since its emergence until today. The compositions of the Sheikh of the community in the field of men, made this book an advantage and a place that prompted some scholars to present the saying of the Negus over the saying of the Sheikh of the community, but this book is not without some problems and observations.

Abstract:-
Historical and hadith sources have transmitted many evidences of the reports of the Amir Almuminin Imam Ali (peace be upon him) , which he heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) regarding the inevitability of his martyrdom, explicitly and implicitly. The killing and its time, and the location of the killer's blow in his honorable body, and I have shown in this research that there is great wisdom in repeating those stories.

Abstract:-
"Citizenship rights", although derived from recent developments in societies, but in Islamic ideology, the dominant methodology of "judicial laws" and is a serious jurisprudential issue. Examination of the ostensible opinions of thinkers shows that this institution complements the process of judicial justice and the component guaranteeing the rights of the accused, and the non-publicity of trials is an exception, but The trial publicly has structural flaws and non-fulfillment of civil rights standards. The present study, in a descriptive, analytical and inferential method, seeks to structure the jurists from the generalization of citizenship rights in the proceedings after explaining and preparing the issues, and while explaining the jurists' point of view in refuting the manats and failing to establish the inherent proportionality between cause and effect. Just to get rid of the international pressures of human rights and politics based on citizenship rights in the rulings, to state that he has a negative attitude towards criticizing the jurisprudents and to use the argument of openness in the process of inference, appropriate and in accordance with the teachings The Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh) do not know the evidences of the trial of justice, the denial of narrative and rational manuscripts, the rules of principles, the observance of human dignity, and the requirements of the time. The conclusion is that coherence of religious criticism in the approach to criminal sociology with a focus on theorizing is necessary to explain civil rights in litigation based on Iranianness, Islamism, Shiism, rationalism, avoidance of ostentation and independence of Shiite thought system from political state and international pressures.

Abstract:-
The human being is the creature of reason, and through this mind he was able to build his surroundings and his entity and society through research and scientific studies through which he reached to invent new ideas that contributed to the development of society and its advancement, Therefore, we find that the intellectual and cognitive output has been placed on the throne of all rights undisputedly recognized the right of man produced by the innovations and inventions of all laws and laws and granted the exclusive status to this right, The importance of this study is to determine the implementation procedures on the patent as one of the sections of industrial property and as a fact that contains a financial component, in accordance with the law of patents and industrial models and the law of Iraqi implementation in force as well as the law of civil proceedings at a time when we find a conflict between the provisions of the patent law, Implementation and the pace of seizure of the patent, while considered by the implementation law of the funds that can not be arrested and the Iraqi Civil Procedure Code , This study will include two prerequisites that will include a definition of the patent and a general definition of its concept. Therefore, we will deal with the first demand for the patent to be sold by auction. The second requirement will deal with the sale of the patent in the auction.

Abstract:-
An important issue in the Islamic economy is the right to determine the price of goods and services in moslems' markets. From the Faqih point of view, Islam's leader in normal conditions of the market has no right to specify prices; but there is disagreement among Faqihs in special circumstances such as; hoarding, complicity, extortion and monopolization. One can find different perspectives in Feqhi books on this issue; all of which are achievable based on juriprudential rules, verses and narations in pricing. The question that arises here, according to requirements of time and place is that how juriprudential rules and regulations belonging to Islam's governors affect pricing and supervision. Hence; findings in this analytic- descriptive study based on valid jurisprudential sources reveals that according to the wise and some confirmed juriprudential rules that's to say; the rule of monarchy , no harm rule, hoarding rule, The rule of hardship and embarrassment, cooperation rule, the rule of justice and fairness, and deception, in normal conditions no one has the right for pricing, and the price is determined by the market. In hoarding conditions, fraud and collusion, the hoarder has to present the goods. If not fair , s/he has to reduce the price. If s/he refuses to supply the goods, a special price will be determined. In this case, the ruler of Sharia, referring to experts' views determine the price justly to please both the seller and the buyers.

Abstract:-
The city of Jeddah enjoys an important geographical and economic location for the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula, as it is located on the eastern coast of the Red Sea, which made it, since ancient times, a meeting place for trade convoys that unload their cargo there and then proceed to the rest of the surrounding cities, especially Makkah Al-Mukarramah with which it is closely linked, as Jeddah was Its outlet and the most important gateway to contact with the outside world, and both cities became complementary to each other in the process of commercial activity, as the presence of the Sacred House of God in Makkah Al-Mukarramah earned it a sacred religious significance, so many people from the east and west of the earth came to it for the purpose of Hajj and Umrah, and the markets for shopping spread in it. Including those pilgrims, as well as the seasonal markets that were held for limited days of the year and were visited by people from inside and outside to display their products, industries and others, with the aim of promoting and advertising for their sale and exchange and informing people of them books of travelers geographers and historians muslims. And the non-Muslims who went to the holy sites or who went out of love and wrote down their observations and what was going on in those areas. The city of Jeddah did not live up to the level that the major cities enjoyed in their books, such as Cairo, Damascus, Alexandria, and other central cities that played an important role in the march of Islamic civilization.

Abstract:-
People have been looking for some time at the earth with its worlds, planets and stars, at its night, day and seasons, but they have increased their appearance and movement for a long time, In explaining its phenomena and realizing its essence, if the era of the Pythagoreans, the Ilians, and the Catholic Church who occupied the matter of the earth and nature had passed, and every sect of them took themselves with reassurance of what he reached in the movement of the earth in its globule of stillness of in its flatness. Islam came, and its philosophers and scholars began to look at this land from which the first ones had finished, with what they had reassured of their souls with correct interpretations and realistic analyzes, or some of them the Canadian philosopher in the third century AH who used to cut the globe of the earth by saying "that the world and what is in it is a globule" to the era of Khawaja Naseer al-Din al-Tusi in the seventh century AH who concluded that the Earth sees flat as a surface but is in fact a globular image and description "through these scholars philosophers and the owners of the ajaz… from Ahmad ibn Rastah 290AH when he said: "The Earth is like a sphere" and Al-Battani Al-Bahrani 317AH" in astronomy by proving the globe of the Earth" and Al-Farabi 339AH "and what he has proven in the theory of flow on "the glob of the earth" and ibn Hawqal Abi Al-Qasim 367AH The earth is rotated and in a description closer to the curry" and Al-Buzjani 388AH.
On the Movement of the moon, which is associated with Bakriyah al-Arb "and ibn Yunus al-Anajun 399AH "reviving the globe of the earth from the vertical projection of the celestial sphere" and ibn Sina 428AH in his saying" The earth is described by the types of movement and the sphere" and ibn al-Haytham 430e. 442AH and his talk about "the Wearth is round like a spin of a ball' and ibn Tufail 581AH, "The shape of the world is creepy" and ibn Rushd 595AH as he sees "that the earth flattens in the kidney, partially serrated, and the Brothers of Purity in their natural physical messages point from one end to the globule of the earth.

Abstract:-
Literature is the starting point of the postcolonial discourse. Fiction is a good platform to study the basic concepts of postcolonial literature. Components such as identity, gender, alienation, inferiority, race, etc. are considered as post-colonial theoretical foundations. The novel "Barid al-Layl" was written by Lebanese author Hoda Barakat (1952). Barakat uses the letter, considered a traditional and interpersonal means of mass communication, to express the identity of a colonized society and its inhabitants in a narrative context. The novel tells the story of five intersecting letters of immigrant, displaced, and exiled Arabs, eloquently introducing the ugly face of war and the most obvious result of colonialism, the ominous phenomenon of ISIS in Syria. This research intends to take a brief look at the novel "Barid Al-Layl" and postcolonial literature with a descriptive-analytical method and attempts to analyze the conceptual foundations of postcolonialism in this novel. The result of the research shows how the author, turning to the anti-colonial perspective, was able to describe the consequences of colonialism in the Middle East, especially Syria, using a multi-layered narrative. The postcolonial component of identity is prominent in this novel.

Abstract:-
The phonemic indication coincides with an annotating method at the same time with other morphological, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical connotations to produce meanings and communicate them to the recipient's mind while convincing him of the ideas they carry. The occasion between sound and meaning is a doctrine in which Arab linguists believe in phonologist and grammarian, and they have originated from it linguistically and purely branches, branches expressing, this symmetry and these semantic indicative links. That is a technical means. We should consider building the word, writing the sounds of its letters, and the secret of its body in this or that picture and the function that it performs in the composition to create an effect that suggests what the word stores from its usage experiences, so we will be interested in this level in the intended choice of the words that the speaker intends from the imams of the household of the family in the book of the origins of sufficient for Hajjaji goal The specific word on the morphological phoneme will solve a specific place to lead the recipient to this idea or that and for this or that behaviour, so we will stand on this phenomenon in several topics.

Abstract:-
This research has adopted the strategies of maximizing mutual benefit and peer learning that stem from the discipline of negotiation in order to teach the Arabic language, which has a great educational value. Positively in increasing their acquisition of the material, and it can be used effectively at any stage during the teaching process, that is, the teacher can use it at the beginning of teaching, during it, and after completing the explanation of the lesson and giving the homework, in addition to the many roles that strategies can play Negotiation in the formation of good relations and friendships between educated individuals in adolescence in particula Especially after moving to a new school environment.
The researcher used the desk research method, in which she touched on the special research problem in the weakness of students in the Arabic language in general and grammar in particular, and touched on the importance and role of structured negotiation, its strategies, skills, steps and stages, and drew several conclusions and recommended several recommendations.

Abstract:-
Research objective: The research aims to study the nature of the relationship between academic governance models and building a house of quality at University of Kufa.
The importance of this research: The importance of this research emerges from the paucity of studies that dealt with the relationship between research variables i.e. (academic governance models, building the house of quality) as well as from its focus on the research sample because of its role in the success of the researched institution.
Research’s sample: Selecting a group of university leaders who are represented by (the University Council and College Councils). Seventy-five questionnaires were distributed. Seventy were retrieved for statistical analysis.
Tool: Questionnaires were used as the main tool for data collection, then they were analyzed using the statistical program, such as (SPSS v.23).
Contribution: The research works as a complementary study to previous research on academic governance models, and the research seeks to analyze and develop university governance. This research also contributes to guiding decision-makers in the university to make more effective decisions that serve the interest of society.
Conclusions: The researched university reveals that a high level of interest in the variable of academic governance models has been considered. This is confirmed by the respondents’ responses towards agreeing and strongly agree. Thus, this indicates the academic leaders consider to work on academic governance models to run the affairs of the researched institution.

Abstract:
Due to the rapid development of it technology، many activities have been integrated into our daily lives over the Internet and have become more effective and the phenomenal growth in the number of users of the Internet has led to the activation of the concepts of virtual words and the creation of a new phenomenon، namely، the virtual currency to facilitate financial activities such as selling and trading، this virtual currency represents valuable and intangible things that are used electronically in different applications and networks such as social networks on the Internet، and the process of selection and analysis of the portfolio is based on two basic pillars: return and risk. The investor chooses his portfolio among other portfolios based on his desire to achieve the return and the degree of awareness and avoidance of risk it aims to achieve the highest return at a certain level of risk or the lowest risk of a certain level of return، so the subject of virtual currencies occupied a wide area of intellectual controversy generated by the emergence of measures of risk and return. A detailed analysis of the feasibility of making a portfolio of virtual currencies was carried out in the light of the data obtained for the study sample، which relied on (3) virtual currencies for the duration (1/1/2017-1/1/2018) and daily data.

Abstract:-
The aim of the research is to explain the elements of the accounting measurement, the development of the factors that could affect the accounting disclosure, the benefits and characteristics of the financial derivatives, and the method of presenting them in the financial statements. In order to meet the objective of the research and to verify the validity of its hypothesis, the researcher relied on a questionnaire to know the opinions of the research sample on the relationship between the measurement and accounting disclosure of financial derivatives with the preparation of the financial statements. The sample of the research was created by selecting accountants who work in shareholding companies and have the will to deal with financial derivatives and to present them in the financial statements.
Among other analytical and theoretical results, the research concluded that the local environment in Iraq has its own Internal and external constraints that could limit dealing with financial derivatives. The lack of advanced financial markets dealing with derivatives, and the absence of the legislation required to govern the dealing with these derivatives are such examples for the external factors. For the internal factors, the lack of specialized and trained human resources to handle the dealing with the financial derivative is an example.

Abstract:-
Among the surviving stories from the distant past, one is the story of Bakhtiar or Bakhtiarnameh. The narration of this story was written in the late sixth century AH by Shams al-Din Muhammad Daqayeqi in artificial and articulate prose. In the ninth century AH, he composed this story in the form of a poem of nearly two thousand verses in the Bahr of Hazj. Panahi, has remained unknown in the history of Persian literature. Bakhtiarnameh is the only surviving work of him. In this poem, Bakhtiar's story is narrated in simple language and in the style of a story in a story. This research is done in order to introduce Bakhtiarnameh Panahi. To conduct this research, the library study method has been used to collect information. The main purpose of this study is to introduce Bakhtiarnameh Panahi.

Abstract:-
The sound is one of the most important modern linguistic studies and it is a part of Koran's miracle that reveals excitement and spiritual states in different conditions by letters , words and sentences. The text of the Koran is cohesive and coherent like a set of sounds that have many relations with each other and each of these sounds directs for one particular meaning that access to these meanings requires analytical research because phonology is the first axis to enter the text and study of its meaning.
Since the music and the sounds of letters and characters suchprovisions comes into existenceWe want to examine the impact of this factor in creating musical sounds. It is an effort which pays to express semantics of sounds in Surat Al-Mutaffifin by statistical tables using descriptive - analytical method.
The results of this research indicate that there is a strong relationship between sounds and their meaning in surah and each of the adjectives of sounds and syllables change in both surahs based on contents of signs to point the meaning of signs and also , the number of sounds is concordant with depth of signs so that each adjective is concordant with the content of signs in addition to syllables.

Abstract:-
Trauma in its broadest sense is the effect of traumatic events that deeply affect the life of the victim and leave such tragedies, fears and mental wounds that will not be easily erased and affect the individual's behavior in unexpected ways. When a society suffers from collective trauma, its effects and consequences manifest themselves continuously and gradually on all individual and social issues in that society. The Palestinian people, after suffering from global brutality and the gradual occupation of their land following the Balfour Declaration, still feel the fear of displacement. The symptoms of this collective trauma did not appear suddenly in their lives, but rather appeared gradually since the beginning of their conflicts with Britain and the Zionists. Then the collective trauma of “fear of losing the homeland and displacement” emerged in the lives of the Palestinians with signs such as: “Fear of hunger, revenge, hatred and fear of compromising with the enemy.” Finally, the permanent embrace of the dream of death and the daily confrontation with the death of loved ones. In this paper, this collective trauma and its symptoms are examined in Palestinian fiction literature based on the works of Ghassan Kanafani, the famous Palestinian writer. The results of this study say that these effects of trauma appeared gradually in Ghassan's works, and the writer lived these fears rooted in fear of hunger to the daily face of death and became a victim of one of them. Culture trauma and the fear of losing national identity are the result of collective trauma. Therefore, the focus on Palestinian identity is a topic on which the literature of the Palestinian resistance, especially its fiction, focuses.

Abstract:-
The revolutionary conflict in Arab novels is one of the most prominent themes in Arab novels in the last century. This conflict occurs between two actors in social , political , economic and institutional life , namely women and men. For centuries , women have lived in marginalization and oppression , suffering from various forms of suffering , deprivation and marginalization.The purpose of this study is to reveal the problematic word "female conflict" in Arabic Novels , especially beloved, as well as the defects of image and dialogue in beloved .The purpose of this study is to study the feminist conflicts in beloved and beloved according to the method of cultural criticism , so as to systematically sort out the feminist texts and discourses in Beloved , so as to provide reference for the future. These vicious circles appear in the field of Science in Arabia and Iraq , especially in the conflicts of male chauvinism in Arab and Iraqi novels.

Abstract:
In this article, dealt with the development of the judiciary in the era of the Fatimid's in Egypt (358-567 ah/909-1711ad),the most prominent development that have reached and the most important interest in the judge and his assistants. The course of the invitation. The research also found the importance of the political ,social,intellectual and judicial relationship between the center of the Islamic caliphate and Fatimid Egypt during this era.

Abstract:-
It is necessary, but not enough, to understand their language to communicate with people. Acquaintance with the culture and signs existing in any socio-cultural system is a fundamental condition for understanding messages' explicit and implicit meanings and understanding others. Semiotics seeks to find the meanings of signs, referring to this verse:
You see hair, but Majnun hair curling/You see eyebrows, but he eyebrow gestures
It can be said that semiotics is one of the essential knowledge to understand your meanings in work and to explain it to others. Social stories are often purposeful and influenced by the author's inclination. In these stories, the characters and events are represented so that a specific mental image of them is imprinted in the audience's mind. Storytellers express their thoughts implicitly or explicitly in and within texts. The ideologies presented in such texts can be explained using the model of social semiotic analysis. The social semiotic analysis explains the explicit or implicit meanings of the text by examining the interaction between social power and discourse.
The stories of Sadeq Chubak and Naguib Mahfouz depict the deprivations and social, economic, and intellectual disorders of ordinary people living in poverty and lacking in traditional societies. These two writers came from within such a community, and because they were familiar with the pain of the locals, they portrayed their living conditions well in their stories. The present article seeks to examine the short stories of Sadeq Chubak and the two short stories collections "Dream" and "Honeymoon" by Naguib Mahfouz using social semiotic techniques to find the implicit and labyrinthical meanings of the social signs in these stories can be explained and compared.

Abstract: -
A study of the psychological dimensions of religious alienation in the Iraqi novel، which means: investigating the reasons for the emergence of this dangerous existential phenomenon. In addition to monitoring its habitats and its manifestations in the Iraqi novel during the research period (2000-2018). In addition to analyzing these manifestations، which are usually "a self-centered struggle that silently or hustle intrinsically within the self، because it represents the existential struggle"، which in turn is considered the struggle to prove survival، a conscious، purposeful and responsible life، life Which sets forth the belief in God and the law of his prophets، from a specific principle، starting with my belief، and flowing in the course of the procedure in all flow، hope and tranquility. Otherwise، it is in the vortex of the existential vacuum that fills the dimensions and horizons of the human psyche with anxiety، powerlessness، absurdity and meaninglessness، because "existential emptiness represents a challenge to contemporary psychological treatment، where the number of patients who complain of emptiness، a sense of lack of meaning from life" increases، and because it is a reflection of a sense of poverty Existentialism which stems from the being of man، and from the obsession of death and annihilation، and from man's search for the meaning، meaning، boundaries and dimensions of his life، and for the way to tranquility Its being. Here lies the importance of religion، because "the being of the human being is denser، deeper and richer than we think. Death does not mean in the concept of religion a state of stillness، interruption، disruption or end، but that after death an integral endeavor in which this object leaves a pattern of worldly being، And enters a different pattern of its being. " And monitoring all this through the scientific methodology of analysis and modern literary criticism.

Abstract:-
There are systematic relationships between the different meanings of each letter of meaning. The expanded meanings of each of the semantic letters are systematically derived from the meaning of the title through the use of mechanisms such as conceptual metaphor and conceptual metaphor. These tools can help us to explain each of the semantic letters. The letters of the meanings are one of the tools through which the mind can be conceptualized. So far, no point of view such as cognitive semantics has been able to provide a detailed analysis of the letters of meanings. In this way, in the beginning, the meaning of the title of these letters is determined and then we explain how to derive other expanded meanings from the meaning of the title and we have expressed the radial semantic network of each of these meaning letters.

Abstract:-
Sell on a sample is an offer by the seller to buyer for instance, a sample of clothes to take note of the nature and description of the sold item. The appointed sale is set by presenting the sample that the seller is obligated to deliver to buyer identical goods with this sample. The presented sample dispenses with specifying what was sold by its description, as it sold in miniature and eliminates the need to see what was sold. The buyer is often retained the presented sample. The seller is obligated to deliver to buyer identical goods to the previous presented sample. The buyer may terminate the sake if the product is less quality than the sample, while jurists differed as to whether the seller provided goods of more or higher quality than the sample, and some of them see that the buyer can refuse the sale or any part of it that does not conform to the sample. Others believe that it is a condition for the termination of the sale that the sold item is less quality than the sample. If the match between the sold and the sample is not achieved, then the buyer has the right to cancel the sale with a claim for compensation for the damage he has suffered, or his acceptance of the specified price, and this does not prevent the buyer from asking his debtor to the seller to implement in kind if such execution is possible. While, some Egyptian jurists believe that the buyer can accept the sale that does not conform to the sample and request a price reduction instead of demanding the concrete implementation or the annulment, and if a dispute arises regarding the subjectivity of the sample in this case, the general rules of proof are applied. But if the sample is destroyed or defective, and a dispute occurs between the two parties regarding the conformity or non-conformity of the sold item to the presented sample, then the responsibility of the proof becomes on whoever destroyed the sample (seller or buyer) and the sale based on a model is differs from the option of seeing several matters.

Abstract:-
The thesis studies and displays the views of Malik Binnabi with regard to religion and civilization on the one hand, and the relationship between religion and civilization and the features common to them, on the other hand.
The thesis thus shows how religion affects civilization and vice versa.
Malik Binnabi argues that religious thought (precisely, the role played by the unseen world in the material movement) affects civilizations more particularly than the otherwise. The religious thought is responsible for transmitting the elements of civilization; namely, man, soil and time. For this reason, the religious thought is the prevalent element on the human communities that yearn for development and progress. In plainer words, it is the structure of the fecund entity composed of the trinity of man, soil and time that is responsible for the building of civilizations and the achievement of prosperity, provided that the spirit is the prevalent. Once this atmosphere is there, the relationship between religion and civilization becomes inseparable and conjoined, as is stated by Malik Binnnabi. He, in addition to some other Muslim religious scholars, believes in the existence of such relationship (i.e. religion-civilization relationship), while some other Muslim and Western scholars have denied this relationship to be existent. Moreover, some of them even argue that there is a big contrast between the two. For Malik Binnabi, he believes that religion is a key and most effective factor of the building of civilizations. He thus explores that the majority of human civilizations were established on religious foundations. Their people believed in a certain religion and acted upon it. Therefore, religion is the prevalent and the basic element in the building and establishment of all civilizations. Then, if religion (or religious thought) is missing, no true civilization can be built. Rather, human activity turns into mere instincts. And, as a consequence, dispute arises, intelligence fails to find itself a place, religious positions come to an end, civilization starts to collapse, the pillars thereof is degenerated, and finally civilization fades away and ceases to exist.

Abstract:-
The research aims to define the concept of integrated reporting, and to indicate the availability of its use requirements in the company, the sample of research, the obstacles facing its preparation process, and the ability to disclose the information it should contain.
The research adopted the inductive approach in the theoretical side through previous sources and studies, and the research also adopted the methodology of the applied study to prepare integrated reporting reports for the research sample that was represented in two laboratories belonging to the General Company for Iraqi Cement, namely the Kufa Cement Factory and Karbala Cement Factory for the fiscal year (2018).
The research found that integrated reporting plays a major role in raising the level of reporting to users of the research sample, and it works to display and communicate information in an integrated, non-misleading and understandable way among users.
Accordingly, the research recommends the need for Iraqi industrial companies to adopt integrated reporting, as it contributes to raising the level of reporting significantly and reveals current unforeseen problems in addition to its disclosure also of expected future problems.

Abstract:-
Defective consent in Transactions in British Law has been studied in this study. The main question, therefore, is what is the guarantee of Consent's fault in British law? In response, the main hypothesis of the research was that the guarantee of Consent's flaut in English law was based on the ability to cancel contracts and transactions. In the UK, Consent is a key element of contracts but its role in contract law is unclear. In English law, Consent voluntarily and freely is clearly seen as an essential requirement for a valid contract. The disadvantage of Consent can usually be seen in a dual way between contract independence and respect for the contract. In the United Kingdom due to the lack of distinction between the will and the will, the imperfections of the will and the will have been referred to in one general sense, such as the will of the will or the imperfect of the will. In English law, wrongdoing, fraud, leverage, reluctance and illegitimacy are considered as imperfections of Consent, with the potential for revocation and cancellation of the transaction.

Abstract:
The departure of the Messenger had great repercussions on the Islamic arena, perhaps the most prominent of which were those related to the affairs of governance and the state, which were a direct cause of the division of Muslims. Since the Messenger was chosen from God by revelation, it was not logical to imagine the existence of a political opposition among Muslims according to what was termed the science of politics, except that the absence of the Messenger from the ummah, then the Muslims turned away from his will to Imam Ali and their dependence on people’s choice as a way to appoint the caliph ; Here the path has changed from choosing God to choosing people, which is a sign of their right to opposition, as it is human nature to differ. The research sheds light on the political opposition that arose after the death of the Messenger and was led by Imam Ali. The research includes three sections in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The first topic dealt with the possibility of opposition to the Islamic state, the second topic presented the path of Imam Ali in his rejection of the ruling system, and the third topic dealt with some of the roles he played towards the state and religion.

Abstract:-
So far, more than 37 translations of Sahifa Sajjadieh into Persian have been published. Master Vali is one of the translators of Sahifa Sajjadieh, who was born in Tehran in 1331 AH. He has authored several works in the field of authorship and translation, especially translation. The Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balaghah and Sahifa al-Sajadiyya have been published. In this research, first the original text of the Sahifa, especially prayers 37 and 39, is read, then using the library method and comparing several translations of the Sahifa into Persian, it is compared with the translation of Master Vali, and using descriptive and analytical methods and analysis. Matching the Arabic principle with Master Vali's translation, point out the deviations in his translation. According to the results, although at first it was thought that there were many deviations in Master Vali's translation, but after a careful study, it was found that stylistic deviation is more pronounced in his translation and semantic and semantic deviation is less in his translation. In fact, Master Vali has been more successful in translating prayers 37 and 39 than other translators of Sajjadiyya Sahifa such as Ansarian, Faizul Islam, Fahri and Mahmoudzadeh, and that is due to his experience in translating from Arabic to Persian and his mastery of Arabic and Persian.

Abstract:-
In the current research, researchers aim to explore the impact of emerging leaders' development in promoting psychological empowerment. The problem of research has been the lack of interest in the psychological empowerment of emerging leaders, with negative consequences and serious threats to the performance of leaders and then their organizations. The target research community is represented by postgraduate students in the faculties of administration and economics within the universities of the Middle Euphrates (Kufa University, Qadisiyah University, Babel University), within the jurisdiction (Strategic Planning, Local Administration) for 2017-2018. The questionnaire forms were distributed to all members of the target population, which numbered (80) individuals, and received (76) valid questionnaire for statistical analysis. In order to reach the desired results, a number of statistical methods and tools were used, such as SPSS, Smart-pls.) The research included two variables. Three dimensions of the independent variable included the development of the emerging leaders, and the research included four dimensions of the dependent variable. The results of the study showed that there are positive effects for the development of emerging leaders in psychological empowerment. Based on these findings, a series of conclusions were drawn, the most prominent of which are: The current study showed that the priority of developing emerging leaders is a key priority because of the growing importance of this category. , And the researchers produced a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is to enable emerging leaders in an environment that is allowed, nurtured and promoted by senior management and subordinates. The way of managing the future must change and assimilate the culture of empowerment in organizations.

Abstract:-
There is no difference between a person who is submissive or otherwise, or between a person who is subject to malice or another person. This article seeks, by relying on an analytical and descriptive method, to prove this theory that if the commander becomes a master and the commanded is his slave, therefore, the master will demand retribution for him as a murderer. In the military hierarchy, he fought from a doctrinal point of view, and all its attachments will be noted by him.

Abstract:-
Western culture and its civilization, which is a mixture of the culture of ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, and the modern era, emerged and crystallized with the infrastructure such as knowledge of material principles, human theology, skeptical epistemology, and rational virtue, so that secularism, humanism, modernism, liberalism and democracy showed the manifestations of the West that openly rose to war With all the original cultures of the world. In critique of this culture, the best way is to critique from within. This study, using the teachings of the Bible, has shown that contemporary Western culture has no roots in its religion and that the relationship between Christianity and Western culture is a matter of contrast, and this is the best evidence to this conclusion that “the structures and foundations of Western culture are completely separate from revelation and prophecy” and that they deviated from About Christianity to a degree that can be distorted even on the basis of Western documents.

Abstract:-
Defamiliarion of Nahj al-Balagha is the topic of our essay. Firstly We have discussed the lexical and idiomatical meaning of the defamiliarization and after that its conception, specifications and categories have been experessed. After this methd to Nahj al-Balagha wisdoms and at the end we have concluded the discussion with the obtained consequences.
Comparision have been done through utilizing the Nahj al-balagha wisdoms and wherever defamiliarization was found or utilized as simile after recognition we have enalyzed and compared it using the Art of Eloquence.

Abstract:-
After the appearance of the clear Islamic religion, there has become a law that preserves human dignity. In addition, it cares its rights from preserving the Muslim soul and not harming it without any justification, so God Almighty issued a set of laws and penalties that punish people for violating this. Islamic law did not limit the punishment to be specific and one. God Almighty has determined the penalties to the extent of the act committed to achieve the justice of Islamic law. Among these penalties are the penalties for abortion of the fetus in which Islam took care of the rights of the fetus in its mother’s womb before and after the soul entered it, and considered its abortion forbidden in all Islamic sects. From this point we will learn about the punishment of the perpetrators Abortion in Islamic jurisprudence, especially in the Imami school of thought, through the opinions of contemporary jurists.

Abstract:
The current research aims to measure the role of environmental awareness (awareness of the exercise of sustainability, behavioral awareness, attitude and emotional awareness) in the sustainable development of fairness, empowerment, good governance and accountability. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the research relied on the method of identification in the collection of data. The questionnaire was prepared based on a number of previous studies and was subjected to arbitration of a number of specialized professors. It included 27 questions related to the research variables and distributed to the same sample of the employees of the municipality of Karbala. SPSS vr. 23 A statistical set of tools such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, structural modeling equation, and alpha-cronbach coefficient were used to measure the tawaf level The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant effect on environmental awareness and its dimensions on sustainable development and its dimensions, which means that the sample in question has the ability to promote environmental awareness in order to support sustainable development. That the environment is used and encourages the use of appropriate tools for the disposal of waste and environmentally harmful waste, and that the Directorate of the Directorate in question is taking the appropriate decisions regarding the concern for sustainable development, and the development of plans, and identify the necessary objectives with the participation of workers and maintain all Their available resources in order to be used optimally in solidarity with its strategic objectives for development and development. The study was carried out with a number of recommendations, among which the sample should provide a database for developing solutions to their environmental problems. The aim is to empower the employees through training them in various techniques to achieve the goals of sustainable development and to grant a suitable amount of compensation and compensation to employees as a result of applying the principle of good Management and accountability, which contributes to the promotion of sustainable development.