Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The present study was designed to monitor the impact a drug such as cefotaxime has on the histological architecture of the kidney, liver and Lung on Swiss white mice.
The experiment was designed by using 30 Swiss white mice from both sexes.
- Mice were classified randomly into three groups:
Group A: Control Group, injected intramuscularly with 0.5ml distilled water daily for 6 days.
Group B: Therapeutical Dose, Injected intramuscularly with 0.1 ml cefotaxime daily for 6 days.
Group C: Extra Therapeutical Dose, Injected with 0.2 ml cefotaxime daily for 6 days.
At the end of the experimental period, the kidney, liver and lung of the mice were taken and processed for histological study.
The behavioral results showed a lower appetite and decrease in weight in the mice present in Group C.
Histologically,the kidney and liver showed numerous abnormalities at the end of the treatment period compared to that of the control group.
Pyknosis, Karyohyxis and Karyolysis were found in the liver cell nuclei.
While infiltration of the lymphocytes was present. Necrosis of the hepatocytes were observed clearly throughout the tissue present in the lung.
Renal convoluted tubules show atrophy and necrosis of cell with hypertrophy of glomeruli.
Degeneration and shrinkage of the renal tubule cells with the appearance of pyknosis of nuclei was also found.
Due to these destructive results on the liver and kidney cells it was concluded that cefotaxime caused many cell abnormalities and dysfunction in general.

In this study, three drinking water treatment plant supply springs were selected within different sites in Sulaymaniyah province- Kurdistan region of Iraq. Samples were collected over period of eight months from May to the end of December 2015.
Five stations were selected, Stations 1, 2 and 3 were located at Bestan Sowr drinking water project in Sharazur district, station 4 was located at Saray Subhan Agha drinking water project in Said sadiq district and station 5 was located at Khurmal drinking water project in Khurmal district within Halabja district.
The study involved a qualitative (identification) and quantitative (Density and Total count) study of phytoplankton in water for selected stations.
A total of 155 algal species were identified belong to 9 classes in all studied stations, 80 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), 35 species to chlorophyceae, 30 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 species to Euglenophyceae, 2 species for each of Crptophyceae and Pyrophyceae and 1 species for each of Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Diatoms were dominated (according to the total count of taxa) over all other phytoplankton in all sites, Chlorophyceae formed the second most algal group at the selected sites and Cyanophyceae formed the third most algal group of phytoplankton at the selected sites.
The results of phytoplankton quantitative study in the studying stations recorded the highest total density of phytoplankton during the study period was at Station1 (18377.28 ind×103/l), followed by (12513.34 ind×103/l) at Station 2 and (4779.45 ind×103/l) at Station 3. The results of total Count of phytoplankton at all stations ranged between 5913×103 cell/l and 29×103 cell/l.

The aim of study was designed to determine the prevalence rates, gross and histopathological lesions of lungs and livers in sheep slaughtered house at Mosul city. 9127 slaughtered sheep were examined During April and May 2014. 1235 infected carcasses were observed harboring different pathological gross lesions in the lungs and livers with 10.26% and 3.26% prevalence rates. The highest prevalence rates of gross pathological lesions of the lung were pneumonia of various types and the lightest was observed in T.B-like lesions was 3.34% and 0.04% out of total slaughtered sheep, respectively. In the affected livers, peak and the lowest prevalence of gross lesions were 0.77% for fascioliasis and 0.14% for enlarged and pale livers out of the total sheep ante-mortem inspected, respectively. However in the lungs, different rates of histopathological lesions were recorded for interstitial pneumonia, edema, emphysema, bronchopneumonia, atelectasis, verminous pneumonia, granuloma, necrosis and hemorrhage in variable percentages. As concerned with the liver, these microscopc lesions were coagulative necrosis, hepatic congestion, hydatid cysts, hemosiderin deposition, sinusoidal congestion, vacuolar degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells forming various rates. Uniform pathological observations and similar remarks of microscopical changes having identical description and morphological features were entirely demonstrated as explained in pathology references.

The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infections and occurrence of abortion. The records of 173 aborted women between age of less than twenty years and fifty years old attending to the hospital of Samaraa general hospital from October 2015 to April 2016 were reviewed. Investigation by using VIDAS technique represented that T. Gondii antibodies showed in 54(31.2 %) of aborted women ,while 23(13.3 %) represented infected with Cytomegalovirus and 7(4.1%) were infected with both Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus. Also the study showed that 77 (44.5%) of aborted women were in aged groups between 21-30 years old ,and the anti-toxoplasmosis IgM &IgG found in 66(38.2%) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM &IgG found only in 30(17.34%) in aborted women.

This survey study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and distribution of fungi occupying the residential surfaces in Azadi Teaching Hospital and Hevi Paediatric Hospital in Duhok province, Iraq. Three hundred samples were collected from randomly selected areas in laboratories, wards, consultation rooms, operating theatres and hospital kitchen by swabs. These samples were cultured on two selective fungal media (PDA and SDA) and also samples from air were cultured on PDA in order to determine the genus or species of the agents in the samples. The results found microorganisms that were identified included forty eight isolates in addition to non identified yeasts and sterile mycelium also detected. From 300 samples collected from period January to May 2016, molds comprised 60% and yeasts comprised 40%. All fungal isolates were identified depending on the morphological and microscopic examinations as well as biochemical tests. The environmental contaminations in Azadi Teaching and Hevi Paediatric Hospitals with fungi (Aspergillus) were the highest fungal isolates whereas Candida sp. was the highest yeast isolate.

This study was designed in order to estimate the effect of alloxan induced diabetes mellitus on adiponectin hormone concentration and some immunological and biochemical parameters of male domestic rabbits. The study involved (20) blood samples were divided into 4 groups : group one: adult normal healthy male rabbits as control group, group two: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus, group three: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus treated with alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg), group four: adult male rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes mellitus treated with L-carnitine (100 mg/kg). The results of this study found significant decrease in adiponectin hormone concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) in second group as compared with control group; while significant increase in adiponectin hormone concentrations at levels (P≤0.05) in third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group, and there is significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group, while significant decrease in IL-1 β concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group; and there are significant increases in the activity of enzymes: Alanine amino transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group, while significant decrease in the activity of enzymes: Alanine amino transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST) at levels (P≤ 0.05) of third and fourth groups in comparison with diabetic group.

Intestinal parasites eggs are the most soil contaminated which can cause many health problems after ingestion. The aim of this study was to estimate the presence of intestinal parasites eggs in the soil samples collected from public parks and playgrounds in Kirkuk city.
A total of Fifty-six (56) soil samples were collected from 14 areas (7 public parks and 7 playgrounds) through a period from 1st of March 2016 to 1st of October 2016, samples were examined microscopically using wet mount and zinc sulphate flotation methods for detecting intestinal parasitic eggs.
Ninety-seven (78.6%) of soil sample were positive for presence eggs, include Toxocara Spp. (22.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%), Hymenolepis diminuta (16.7%), Ancylostoma duodenale (13.9%), Taenia saginata (11.1%), Trichuris trichiura (8.3%) and Trichostrongylus Spp. (8.3%).
The collected data was analyzed using statistical test Chi-square; this study shows the high rate of eggs of parasites which could be a potential source of parasitic infection.

This research paper includes synthesis and characterization of some complexes of Zn(II),Hg(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) with mix ligands of saccharinate and Schiff base derived from Isatin. All the synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, uv-visible, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption , infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy ,Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol. The concluded chemical formulas of the complexes were [M(sac)2(L)2] ,where {M=(Zn(II) , Hg(II) ,Cd(II)} tetrahedral geometry and for the complexes [M(sac)2(L)(H2O)2] ,where (M=Co , Ni and Cu), were octahedral geometry, sac=saccharinate, and L=C14H10N2O2.

The research includes the development of spectrophotometric method for determination microgram amounts of CPZ via oxidative coupling with the Sodium sulphacetamide reagent in presence of oxidizing agent potassium persulphate in the acidic medium (pH=1.8) to form a violet colored-dye, which is soluble in water and showed the highest intensity of absorption at λ max 550 nm. The method has been obeyed Beer's Law in the concentration range (2 - 20) µg/ml, with molar absorptivity of 1.2791 ×104 L/ mol. Cm, Sandel Index value 0.0278 µg/cm2. The detection limit 0.1727 µg/ml, with correlation coefficient 0.9983, the relative standard deviation of the method does not exceed 0.8933%, the proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation.

The present study aimed to explain the effect of Bay leaf and its isolated flavonoids and glycosides on the levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C in the local Iraqi female rabbits. Isolation of flavonoids and glycosides from Bay leaf were carried out, the study design included four groups (n=6): Control group-C fed with standard pellet diet; group1-G1 orally administrated daily dose 100 mg/ml/kg of Bay leaf crude for 30 days; group2-G2 orally administrated daily dose 50 mg/ml/kg of isolated flavonoids for 30 days; group3-G3 orally administrated daily dose 12.5 mg/ml/kg of isolated glycosides for 30 days. TC, TG and HDL-C were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. The results showed that oral administration of Bay leaf and its isolated flavonoids and glycosides reduced levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C compared to control, therefore Bay leaf useful agent in reducing hyperlipidemia.

The electrical conductivities of Co(II) complex with aspartic acid (Asp) in different solvents (water, methanol and ethanol) at different temperatures were measured by assisting of lee-Wheaton equation at the best fit values of standard deviled for analyzing the data of unsymmetrical electrolytes including,the conductivity parameters, the ionic conductivity M+2, the association constant KA, and the distance parameter R .
Thermodynamic information from association and examining the nature of the interaction was obtained.

Geotechnical study conducted upon 10 rock samples have been taken from outcroup of Mukdadiya Formation (Lower Bakhtiari) which are located in Kirkuk anticline. Seismic wave velocities (shear and compressional), the dynamic modulus of rigidity, young, bulk and poisson's ratio, density, point load index test and uniaxial compressive strength test were measured of the rock samples in the laboratory. The dynamic properties values were correlated with geotechnical properties inculding uniaxial compressive strength, point load index and dry density. The rock samples have low to medium seismic velocites and very weak to weak mechanical strength. The mathematical relations showed a good correlation coefficient between the dynamic and geotechnical properties of the rock samples, that confident relations could use to estimate the geotechnical properies in the field by measuring sciesmic wave velocities in any future engineering projects.

Innovated method applied to adapt Hatra Bridge on Tharthar valley as discharge monitoring station, to estimate the water income of the valley near the site of proposed dam. The section of the valley was geometrically surveyed before the first rainfall storm to build the equation of relationship between water level and area of flow section which required for the discharge estimation.
Six flood waves were monitored along the period of raining season of 2012-2013, the flow velocity were measured on the surface of flow section, with 30 minutes time interval, the same time interval used for the measurements of water level.
The average velocity estimated by innovated method according to the measurements of surface velocity, the equation of the relationship between average velocity and water level were derived and applied with the cross sectional area of flow to estimate the discharge, then the accumulated discharge measurements converted to the total volume of water income for each flood wave.
The total volume of water income in the studied section reached to 141719509 m3

The Ag-BaF2/GaSb Schottky diode measurement has been investigated by using voltage versus current (I-V) at different temperatures, voltage versus capacitance (C-V) and hotoelectric measurements on n-type GaSb carrier per cm-3, Current – voltage measurement were used to study the interface layer. Near ideal characteristics were observed for Ag-BaF2/GaSb contact with ideality factor values (1.21-1.451). The Schottky barrier height and donor concentration (Nd) have been obtained from C-V characteristics. Barrier height results from these methods were the same approximately with the results obtained from current – voltage measurement and were in the same range which suggests that the Fermi level is pinned in the lower half of the band gap. Photoelectric measurements were used for barrier height measurements by applying the fowler method. The surfaces of sample was analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also the x-ray is used to investigate the reasons for the non-ideal behavior of Ga contacts and to study the surface of Ag-BaF2 layer on the air-cleaved n-GaSb surface.

Abstract
we studied Attenuation in Fiber Optics, we used two type of Fibers (Plastic and glass) with length (0.5,5,20m) and (1,20,100m) respectively and used two wavelength laser (660nm, 850nm), we found attenuation increase with 850nm wavelength and 660nm wavelength are the best for the plastic fiber optics, in addition the attenuation which occur from axial gap, axes rotation, inclination angle, transversal displacement are investigated. Influence three values of linear dispersion on Pulse propagation along fiber at seam distance is investigated by simulation using Fourier Method using MATLAB.

Copper oxide (CuO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by (sol-gel ) method using a spin -Coating technique and the speed of the spin coater was fixed at 3000 rpm for 30 sec and the samples were are annealed at temperatures (250,350,450 and 550) ° C for 1 hrs. The structural, Morphology, and optical properties of the film are determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively. The XRD patterns showed that copper oxide (CuO) thin films prepared has polycrystalline structure and when increase the annealing temperature of the thin film over than 300° C the thin film turns from phase Cu2O to CuO phase and through examination (AFM) showed that the average grain size increases with the annealing temperature either Optical examinations showed decrease in transmission and increase in absorption coefficient with increase annealing temperature. The prepared thin films have direct energy gap and the value of the optical energy gap decreased with increasing annealing temperature from 3.99 eV to 3.94 eV

Large video files processing involves a huge volume of data. The codec, storage systems and network needs resource utilization, so it becomes important to minimize the used memory space and time to distribute these videos over the Internet using compression techniques. Fractal image and video compression falls under the category of lossy compression. It gives best results when used for natural images.
This paper presents an efficient method to compress an AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) file with fractal video compression(FVC). The video first is separated into a sequence of frames that are a color bitmap images, then images are transformed from RGB color space to Luminance/Chrominance components (YIQ) color space; each of these components is compressed alone with Enhanced Partition Iterated Function System (EPIFS), then fractal codes are saved.
The classical IFS suffers from a very long encoding time that needed to find the best matching for each range block when compared with the domain image blocks. In this work, the (FVC) is enhanced by enhancing the IFS of the fractal image compression using a classification scheme based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Experimentation is performed by considering different block sizes and jump steps to reduce number of the tested domain blocks. Results shows a significant reduction in the encoding time with good quality and high compression ratio for different video files.

The wireless sensor can be considered as one of the most major technologies through using it in different appli-cation such as environmental applications, military applications, commercial applications, health applications and agriculture applications. Due to the sensor networks may be deployed in open area (uncontrolled area), especially in military applica¬tions. In such situ¬ations, the nodes are vulnerable to be captured. Moreover, data/control packets may be inter¬cepted and/or modified due to the transmission nature.
Consequently, security services such as authentication and encryption done by key manage¬ment which is not trivial task. The key management is important to maintain the network op¬erations. The proposed scheme the nodes based on spatial information with data sequence then sends encryption message to each other in secure way by HMAC for providing safe links between the nodes in the network and forming the clusters. Consequent-ly, the proposed scheme covers the security goals and au¬thentication of each node

In this paper we proved a common fixed point theorem by using Փ- contraction condition and also provided an example which supports our main result.

Rapid advances in wireless communications and networking technologies, linked with advances in computing and medical technologies, facilitate the development and offering of emerging mobile systems and services in the healthcare sector. The objective of this paper is to identify the overview of the current multimedia communication protocols used in m-Health, such as SIP, RTCP, RTSP and RTP; and the challenges of mobile health systems, devices, and services. Also, propose a scenario to support communication between the patient and the hospital. m-Health systems will significantly affect the delivery of patient’s data in an ambulance; however, their exploitation in daily practice remains to be achieved.