KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

This research monitors the jurisprudential issues in the book Riyad al-Masa’il, clarifying their jurisprudential precedence and their connection to the requirements of the age. The researcher introduced the author, Sayyid ‘Ali al-Tabataba’i, as a prominent scholarly jurisprudential figure, mentioning his biography, students, and scholarly status. The research included the most important jurists in the time of occultation, among them al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, who had a foundational role in developing inferential jurisprudence in the seventh Hijri century. The researcher addressed the most important features of the book Riyad al-Masa’il, its commentaries, marginalia, reflections, and some of the foundations of its author.

The uprising and blessed life of Imam al-Husayn, peace be upon him, have produced a considerable number of scholars, historians, researchers, and academics dedicated to uncovering its educational dimensions and reformative path—dimensions with historical extensions embodied in its remarkable figures. One such scholar who paid great attention to this legacy is Shaykh Fadl ‘Ali al-Qazwini, representing a model of those scholars.
Various factors contributed to Shaykh al-Qazwini’s deep interest in the immortal revolution of Imam al-Husayn, peace be upon him. These included his religious studies and his profound investigation into historical truths, stemming from his mastery of Islamic sciences that harmonize with the themes he pursued and critically examined within related sources. His book Imam al-Husayn, Peace Be Upon Him, and His Companions serves as a practical embodiment of this scholarly dedication.
This study seeks to clarify the nature of the scholarly methodology he employed in producing the aforementioned book. The researcher focused on the key stages of his personal biography and the academic efforts he exerted in composing his work, while also highlighting the most significant features of his historical writing methodology. This methodology primarily consisted of biographical entries for the supporters of Imam al-Husayn, peace be upon him, and those who shared in his eternal uprising—both men and women.

Man is born with an innate nature inclined toward thought, inquiry, and investigation. The Noble Book confirmed and guided man toward thinking about the fundamentals, as the Almighty said: “And if you ask them who created them, they will surely say, "Allah." So how are they deluded?” (Az-Zukhruf: 87).
This is also indicated by the transmitted texts from Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). The Noble Qur’an is considered the primary source of the science of theology (‘ilm al-kalam), and our esteemed scholars have exerted continuous efforts in preserving this religion and conveying it to us.
From this standpoint, I have presented an attempt to examine the inferential method used by al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili, who wrote a marginal commentary (hashiyah) on the explanation (sharh) of Tajrid al-‘Aqa’id by al-Qushji. Al-Qushji attempted to refute some of what was presented by the scholar Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, especially in the discussion of Imamate. When al-Muqaddas examined this commentary and taught it, he found in it unfairness from al-Qushji regarding the arguments of al-Tusi, and thus he undertook to refute and discuss what was presented.
I traced the methodology of al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili to the best of my ability and found him to be a diligent, investigative scholar, deeply knowledgeable and precise in his reasoning. He refuted al-Qushji’s points with arguments rooted in self-evident truths and unveiled the ambiguities he raised.
The research is structured into an introduction, five sections, and a conclusion.

The authors of scientific theses take arguing ways to clarify and establish what they have proven, and this method has penetrated all sciences, including the humanities, the world of language-for example-He makes the supererogatory rule of his as a linguistic witness from the well-known sources of martyrdom, with which he strengthens his rule and performs the pilgrimage to its future, in addition to the fact that the rule or meaning is based on that witness, so the latter has a dual function.
In the book (Safwat al-Sifat fi Sharh Duaa al-Samamat) by al-Kafami, we find the process of citing the Qur’anic text as an important pillar on which the compiler relied. To perform multiple functions, and this research only sheds light on this process as a broad phenomenon in the book, which represented a focused column to demonstrate and demonstrate what was proposed, and a popular image of his intellectual activity based on the evidence of the interaction of the two aspects of language analysis and the interaction of the two aspects of the language level. Declaring it with patterns and functions , alluding to it.

This research is directed to the study of a poet belonging to the heritage of Karbala in the tenth century AH, namely the poet Sheikh Fuzuli al-Baghdadi, who died in “963 AH”, and was buried near the shrine of Imam Hussein “peace be upon him”; He used to light the lanterns of the Husseini shrine in the late years of his life, and mysticism in his religious way and poetry distributed among three or four languages of the Islamic East, most notably Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Azeri, and this research was specialized in studying (Graphic Formation in Fuzuli Al-Baghdadi’s Poetry)
With the aim of analyzing the performance of the poet’s Arabic mystical statement; Focusing on what his Arabic text accomplished of linguistic and creative development, and what distinguished it from Shiite, Sufi and human culture, and what the mystical statement formats contained in terms of political connotations and intellectual opposition to the harsh reality that surrounded Islamic countries at that time, and how was the arts of similes, metaphors and poetic symbols that he created A great role in expressing, depicting, meditating, and contemplating the oneness of God, the Mighty and Majestic, and his lordship and divinity, and the divine love that filled every mystic and filled his senses and logic, mixing this divine mystical love with the love of Muhammadi Alawi Hosseini, a Shiite of passion, so he embodied the soul of the mystic Muslim who was guided by the gratitude of the infallible imams. To his Creator, Creator and Returner, and the love of the virgin, wandering in search of his beloved and his eternal lover in the depths of his heart and eternal soul.

Islamic heritage is considered one of the manifestations of scientific and intellectual advancement in the Islamic Ummah, as it preserves for us the scholarly and cultural output achieved by the scholars, expressing the identity of the society at that time and conveying the various sciences for the benefit of building the Islamic community.
This research presents a manuscript from the Islamic heritage preserved in Holy Karbala during the tenth Hijri century, namely (Tuḥfat al-Abrār min Manāqib al-Aʾimmah al-Aṭhār). The study includes a presentation of the life of the author, his scholarly biography, his association with al-Ḥāʾir, in addition to his intellectual contributions, the opinions of scholars about him, his authorizations and narrations, his students, and those who transmitted from him.
Then it proceeds to describe the manuscript and its attribution to its author, Sayyid Ḥusayn ibn Musāʿid al-Ḥusaynī al-Ḥāʾirī, followed by a presentation of the author’s methodology in his book regarding the structuring and division of its content into chapters focused on the biography of the Pure Imams (peace be upon them). The research concludes with the results reached, followed by a list of sources and references.

In this article, we study a precious Hay’ari copy of the book Tahdhib al-Ahkam by the Shaykh of the Sect Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi (d. 460 AH), preserved in the Library of Grand Ayatollah al-Mar‘ashi al-Najafi under number 1733. This copy was collated at least four times in Mashhad al-Muqaddas in the years 969 AH and 982 AH. These copies were collated by al-Mawla ‘Abd Allah ibn Mahmud al-Shushtari, known as the Third Martyr (martyred in Bukhara in 997 AH), with his student Taj al-Din Husayn Sa‘id al-Ha’iri (d. 1000 AH), against reliable and verified versions, including the copy of the Second Martyr (d. 965 AH). The copy was transferred to Holy Karbala in the year 994 AH. It was collated by Taj al-Din Husayn Sa‘id in Holy Karbala and the Hay’ir al-Husayni with Sa‘d al-Din Muhammad al-Ansari al-Qashani, one of the scholars of Holy Karbala, for the fifth or sixth time. It contains another valuable note related to the history of Holy Karbala in the tenth Hijri century, namely that ‘Ali ibn Hayti, the Imam of the Mosque of the Sacred Hay’ir, wrote two hadiths for the sake of Taj al-Din Husayn Sa‘id al-Ha’iri in the year 994 AH. This study includes an introduction and four topics:
First Topic: Introduction to the copy
Second Topic: The copy’s marginalia and benefits
Third Topic: Introduction to the transmitter of the copy and the history of its transmission
Fourth Topic: Its Hay’ari collation and inscription by the Imam of the Mosque of the Hay’ir al-Husayni in the year 994 AH.

This is a brief glimpse and a splendid flash upon one of the works of our past scholars, showing you creativity in its essence, precision at its peak, and revealing a discerning mind and noble efforts of a unique scholar whose equal is rare, namely Shaykh Taqi al-Din Ibrahim al-Kaf‘ami.
What is meant by “the work” is his book (Ghayat al-Talkhis fi Masa’il al-‘Uways). At first glance, the reader might assume that the book is a summary of al-‘Uways by Shaykh al-Mufid—may Allah have mercy on him—but the author intended by the term (al-‘Uways) the genre of complex issues which appear outwardly intricate and contain apparent contradiction and opposition, typically posed to test jurists and assess their capabilities.
A number of scholars who wrote biographical entries on the author have attributed this book to him, and what further confirms this attribution is the author’s remarkable attention to unusual issues in some sciences. Furthermore, he included a number of such issues in his book Nur Hadqat al-Badi‘ in a chapter he named “Jurisprudential Riddles.”
The author’s method in this work was based on formulating the selected issues—not from books of ‘Uways—in a particular phrasing that reveals a kind of riddle within them, to the extent that the reader, without Shaykh al-Kaf‘ami’s phrasing, would find the issue self-evident rather than difficult.
As a result, we clearly observe the volume and nature of the contribution the author made to complex jurisprudential issues, making it a unique source for issues he himself originated.
He relied in this work on sources, some of which are now considered lost in our time, and others that are unknown to us. He organized the book into: two chapters, two introductions, and a conclusion.

The study of linguistic distinctions involves uncovering the
precise meanings of seemingly synonymous words within a
specific linguistic context. Although these words may appear
similar in usage, they differ in subtle semantic nuances. The
Arabic language clarifies these distinctive features through its
precise application of vocabulary—whether within linguistic
structures or in individual usage.
This research emphasizes the accurate employment of words
within linguistic structures as part of the text’s communicative
intent, facilitating cognitive and linguistic interaction between
the speaker and the recipient. It highlights the necessity of considering
the recipient’s state in the communicative process to
convey the exact meaning intended by the speaker. The strategic
selection of one word over another is an art of discourse, allowing
the speaker to engage the audience effectively by drawing
them into the meaning behind the text. This intentional word
choice ensures the successful delivery of the speaker’s intended
message.
The field of semantic distinctions is a highly esteemed discipline
that interprets words within their linguistic contexts.
Scholars have made significant contributions in this field, most
notably Abu Hilal Al-Askari (d. 395 AH), recognized as its pioneer. Among those who further developed this discipline was
Sheikh Al-Kaf‘ami, particularly in his work Ratq al-Futoq fi
Ma‘rifat al-Furooq.
The interpretation of words relies on the scholar’s references.
This study examines Sheikh Al-Kaf‘ami’s references, beginning
with an introductory discussion on semantic distinctions
and their significance. It is then divided into three key sections,
each addressing one of the primary sources that Al-Kaf‘ami frequently
relied upon in his linguistic interpretations:
The Quranic Text
Prophetic Hadith and Narrations
Linguistic Foundations and Etymology
These references—whether cited explicitly or implicitly—
are closely linked to linguistic usage and contextual meaning.
The study concludes with a summary of the key findings and a
bibliographical list of relevant sources.