journal of kufa studies center

The competence of the parliament is not limited to the enactment of laws and political oversight, but goes beyond these two competencies to its competence in the criminal accountability of members of the executive branch, and this competence originated and grew in Britain, the country of the parliamentary system, and then moved from there to many other countries, and this research focuses on its origin and how it developed in its home country, Britain, then it examines its origin and development in Iraq, and examines it in the Iraqi constitutions that established a parliament and granted it this competence, and we will note that it did not abide by these rules of criminal accountability and is granted The jurisdiction in it is only the constitutions (1925) and (2005), with the difference in their organization on the details that will come during the research.

One of the most important reasons for choosing the subject – in addition to its importance and grandmother, is the great controversy raised by the Statute of the Court among States as well as among professors of international law and international relations at the Rome Conference and afterwards, especially with the lack of clarity in the relationship between the Court and the Security Council.
The problem of research on the subject is a complex problem – legal and political – that focuses on the extent of the Court's independence – as an international judicial body – and its ability in light of its competence to perform its tasks and implement its decisions after its association with the Security Council, which is politically motivated, which is capable of postponing its procedures and diverting its paths through its political justifications, especially with the United States not joining its Statute.
The research was divided into three main topics, each containing several demands, in the first section dealt with the history of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunals and the Provisional International Criminal Courts, in the second the establishment of the International Criminal Court, its characteristics, legal nature and jurisdiction, and in the third topic, the Court's relationship with the United Nations, the role of the Security Council in its jurisdiction and work, and the position of the United States and the Arab States towards it, and then the conclusion and references of the research.
In some of the research materials, it followed the historical method, in others the critical method, as well as the method of legal scientific analysis, and when dealing with the previous ICC of temporary international criminal tribunals, it followed the comparative approach.

The research aims to study how Iraq and Turkey seek to establish stable relations that guarantee their common interests in contrast to the influence of the Iranian variable in the arena and the emergence of the attractions of each of them, where interests today play the role of the magic key and determine the priorities and interests of countries and societies.
The problem of the research is to measure the extent of Iran's effective influence on Iraqi-Turkish relations, which in large part is a reflection of the position of the major powers on imposing research in the questionnaire of Iran's influence on Iraqi-Turkish relations at all levels, and measuring the repercussions of both Turkey and Iraq towards that.
In order to study the subject and take note of its aspects, it is necessary to use more than one method:
1 - Historical Method: This is to become familiar with the historical sequence of events and to study historical facts.
2- Comparative Method: This is to compare international and regional political variables.
The structure of the study has been divided into three axes, as well as the introduction and conclusion. The first axis (the first chapter) deals with the development of Iraqi-Turkish relations before 2003 and consists of two topics, the first of which deals with Iraqi-Turkish relations from 1980-1991, the second topic deals with Iraqi-Turkish relations from 1991-2003, and the second axis (the second chapter): deals with the study of international and regional variables affecting Iraqi-Turkish relations after 2003 and consists of two topics as well, the first of which deals with the study of international variables and the second examines the variables The third and final axis is concerned with the study of the Iranian impact on Iraqi-Turkish relations after 2003, and it consists of two topics, the first topic studies the political impact and the second topic is the security impact.

The text is a living event, that is, it lives by the memory that gave it life, so it became a living event, and then life is the memory, or it is the record of memory.
As for the imaginary text, it has caveats and benefits, for if it falls into the side of negligence, it becomes an imaginary text, and if it falls into the artistic side, then it represents the creative process in all its possible fields.
The approach to imaginative reading is an area of research between Abdelkaher Al-Jurjani and Wolfgang Eiser, noting that each of them based his aesthetic visions on a text that is contrary to the other, through the convergence of ideas and the burning of minds
What the research recommends is that the cognitive repertoire of reception is based on these two elements (imagination and thought), directly, and then the cultural achievement of the imaginary formation is an important tributary to the expansion of the cognitive truth of reception, and that memory is what makes the read text a communicative process even after it has been closed for a long time, and that the reader's response is achieved by the artistry of the text, when the receiver is limited in awareness. If his awareness is high, it represents the aesthetic of receiving, and it is achieved by the artistry of the receiver and his ability to dialogue with the text.

The nature of the research required that it come in an introduction preceded by an introduction in which the researcher dealt with the reciprocal relationship between the author and the recipient, in order to infer that speech is not an inadvertent alignment of words, and three axes and a conclusion, followed by the research indexes, and the researcher was careful not to elaborate on the subject of attention, as well as not to address the biography of Al-Zamakhshari, as they have been saturated with research in previous studies.
= Research Topics:
- The first axis: the two terms (informative/attentive) in the language and terminology.
- The second axis: the escalation of the efficiency of textual media (common tools between attention and textual media).
- The third axis: The effect of attention on raising the textual media adequacy of Al-Zamakhshari through his book Al-Kashaf (Al-Zamakhshari's Applications):
- Conclusion and indexes.

This treatise is a comprehensive summary of the science of prosody in which he mentions the sixteen seas of Arabic poetry, their widths and their types of poetry in a poem that he composed in sixty-five stanzas, of which he made sixteen stanzas of origins according to the poetic seas, and forty-nine stanzas of which are subsidiaries, including the thirty-four and sixty-three types that comprise the sixteen well-known seas of Arabic poetry, and he presented them with an explanation of the number of seas, their divisions, and the parts of which poetry is composed, and then mentioning the titles of the crawlers and the prosodic ills He limited them to twenty-three causes, the first of which is al-Khabban and the last of which is al-Taspih, explaining their meanings and representing them.
Our work in the investigation is summarized in:
1. Reading the text carefully and matching the texts from the books of their authors.
2. Comparing the texts mentioned by the commentator to the work with the original copy.
3. Writing the text according to modern spelling rules, correcting linguistic, grammatical, and spelling mistakes made by the commentator and pointing them out in the margin.
4. Adjust and shape the text according to the known punctuation marks, with reference to the corrections or distortions mentioned in the text.
5. Graduating the Qur'anic verses and writing them according to the Qur'an of Madinah.
6. Graduation of poetic verses by referring to poets' collections and literature books.
7. Translating the flags mentioned in the commentary by referring to the books of translations, classes, and the mothers of literature books, with the graduation of the sayings of scholars from their sources.
8. Explain the ambiguous words or phrases that need to be clarified by referring to lexicon books.
9. Setting appropriate titles for what is mentioned in the commentary, for which the commentator has not proved a title.

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rahim, this is how his name and surname are mentioned in all the sources that have narrated his biography, and the same sources are unanimous that he is from the house of the presidency and preciousness, and the owner of the court in Seville, but they did not disclose his news about him in his family, and about his birth and upbringing. And the best of the hadiths about them are the ones who have called the people of the boob, and they have grown up like a spear from a tube upon a pipe, and he has proved to him what you sip and see for him in the sky of benevolence.

During the period of the emergence of cities (3200-2600 BC), four major cultures appeared respectively and were named after their locations: the cultures of Amri-Nal, Kot Degi, Shothi-Seisual, and another culture known as the Damb Sadat or (Quetta Pottery) in the central Balochistan region. The geographical extension of these cultures is the regions of Punjab, Haryana, northern Rajasthan, western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat as well.27 They were distinguished by the way the inhabitants of these settlements made pottery and other works of art.
The research found that the geographical location of the Indus Valley Civilization had an important impact on the emergence of a sprawling civilization with an area that exceeded the area of the Mesopotamian and Nile Valley civilizations. One of the things that helped the growth of cities in the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations was the conservation of water in order to increase agricultural production, which prompted the residents of the settlements to build simple dams to stone or divert the water flowing during the spring when the snow melts in the highlands in order to irrigate the agricultural fields.

Germany, after its defeat in World War II, divided into four occupation zones within the Soviet occupation zone, including the eastern parts of Germany, the American occupation zone, the British occupation zone, and the French occupation zone, and as a result of the consensus of the interests of the Allies, it was decided to establish the state of West Germany, while the reaction by the Soviet Union was the establishment of the state of East Germany on the eastern parts of Germany and in the Soviet occupation zone, and the constitution of East Germany or the Democratic Germany was characterized by consisting of two articles and after the republic. Democracy represents all of Germany, and the legislatures of the German states held special sessions to elect representatives to the Second Legislative Council or the Council of States on November 11, 1949, and the Constitution of the German Democratic Republic adopted a long document containing a preamble, 144 articles, and three main sections:
1. Foundations of the Authorities of the Republic
2. The content and limits of the powers of the Republic
3. Building the powers of the republic
The system of government in the German Democratic Republic followed the centralized and one-party system of government, the Socialist Unity Party, and the new assembly elected Wilhelm Beck, the candidate of the Socialist Unity Party, as president on 11 November and Otto Grothföhl as prime minister on 15 November.

A hydrochemical study of the Tigris River was conducted during the years 2009-2010 at the Mosul Dam and the Samarra Dam and the months of April and October were selected for each year, the physical properties were determined which include the acid function (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) as well as the chemical properties which include positive ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium and negative ions such as chlorite, sulfate and bicarbonate.
The results of the chemical analyses of the water of the Tigris River showed that all the elements did not exceed the permissible limits compared to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007) and the Iraqi specifications (IQS, 2009), i.e., the water of the Tigris River is suitable for human drinking, as well as suitable for drinking animals, and suitable for the purposes of construction, irrigation and irrigation. By applying the Korloff equation, the majority of the water quality of the Tigris River during the year 2009 in April was (Ca-Sulfate).The month of October 2009 was Mg-Sulfate.As for the water of the Tigris River during the month of April 2010, it was (Ca-Sulfate) and in October of the same year 2010, it was (Ca-Sulfate).

The purpose of the current research is to identify the concept of terrorism and the risk and find a mechanism to face the challenges of terrorism from the point of view of the teaching staff, and one of the requirements of the research is for the researchers to build a questionnaire through which a practical mechanism is deduced to face the challenges of terrorism, where the questionnaire consisted of (3) main areas and (3) sub-fields, and after presenting the questionnaire to experts and confirming the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, it became in its final form consisting of (42) paragraphs distributed as follows :
The role of the teacher (5) the role of the courses (13) the role of student activities (9) the role of the principal (7) the role of the educational counselor (8) paragraphs and after applying the questionnaire to a random sample of (158) teachers and teachers of middle and preparatory schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in Najaf Governorate and who have actual service for five years or more, distributed as follows: (42) Principals (80) teachers and teachers distributed on scientific specializations (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Mathematics) and (36) Educational Counselors, and after correcting the answers and performing statistical processing of the data, and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown equation and the weighted arithmetic mean, we obtained the following results:
The role of the courses was ranked first with a weighted arithmetic average of 37.7 and the lowest significant difference of 6.4.
The role of the teacher was ranked second with a weighted arithmetic average of 25.9 and the lowest significant difference of 6.4 .
The role of the educational counselor was ranked third with a weighted arithmetic average of 23.7 and the lowest significant difference of 6.4.
The role of the manager was ranked fourth with a weighted average of 20.1 and the lowest significant difference of 6.4.
The role of student activities ranked fifth with a weighted arithmetic average of 13.9 and the lowest significant difference of 6.4.
From the above research, it is clear that the curricula, the teacher, the counselor, and the principal play a great role in facing the challenges of terrorism, and from the results of the current research, a practical mechanism has been deduced for the school to face the challenges of terrorism.

This study is an attempt to prove and prove that the introduction of evening postgraduate studies in Iraqi universities. Its benefit is not limited only to those who want to complete their postgraduate studies inside Iraq, which prevents their conditions from enrolling in day studies, but its usefulness extends to several other aspects, including but not limited to :
1- Preparing qualified researchers to provide the scientific library with researches that contribute to solving many of the problems that the society suffers from and its various activities .
2- Reducing the migration of students outside Iraq and its negative societal consequences, and preserving the hard currency .
3 - Providing job opportunities .
4 - Supply to the State. General to the State .
The market (the market for postgraduate studies, the supply and demand for postgraduate studies in Iraq and ways to bridge the gap between them) was studied through four researches, where the first topic included the analysis and study of the reality of the morning and evening undergraduate studies in Iraqi universities, which represents a percentage of its graduates as inputs to postgraduate studies and the factor of direct and increasing pressure on their capacity. The second topic was dedicated to studying and analyzing the number of applicants for postgraduate studies inside Iraq compared to the numbers of those admitted to them, and to show the market gap that already exists, which necessitates While the third topic dealt with analyzing the reality and numbers of Iraqi students studying outside Iraq, which reached record numbers compared to their counterparts inside Iraq, as these numbers must be limited to rare and necessary specializations for the development of the country, as well as reducing the negative effects that studying outside the country can cause on our human and material wealth. The study concluded with the fourth topic by reviewing the reality of undergraduate undergraduate studies and private expenditure in Iraq, which showed through the orientation of a significant percentage of students to these studies for various reasons, and the readiness of the Iraqi family to allocate an important part of its income to knowledge investment.
The study concluded that the project of introducing evening postgraduate studies in Iraqi universities is an urgent necessity to accommodate the increasing demand gap shown by the study of the demand and supply market, in addition to its scientific, developmental and social benefits .