journal of Basic Sciences

The size of the consumer market for any geographic region depends on two basic factors ; represented by the size, quantities, and types of goods in the market provided by local production for industries located in the region, or by the imports of these goods to fill the deficit in local industries. The other factor is the size of the population and their purchasing power.The research aims to study the reality of the consumer market in Basra Governorate, especially imported food commodities. Analyzing this geographically in terms of types, quantities and sources of those goods, in addition to studying the most important factors influencing the determination of the size of the market in the study area, especially the factors of population growth and purchasing power.To determine the volume of imported food consumer goods to Basra Governorate, including grains, oils, canned food, white and red meat, and fish, a study was conducted on the food agencies that import food commodities in Basra Governorate.The amount of these products consumed annually was determined.The research also addressed some proposals represented in establishing some industries, such as a tomato paste factory, an oil factory, another for fish canning, and other proposals that contribute to competing with foreign products and raising the economic level of the governorate

The study focused on predicting soil erosion and studying its spatial distribution in the Tayeb Basin using the Erosion Model (EPM) also known as Gavrilovic, integrated into the GIS (Geographic Information System) program. The spatial distribution of soil erosion shows five main zones in the studied area (very slight, light to moderate and severe, very severe).
The main factor in the EPM (erodibility of moisture, degree of moisture and slope, temperature and rainfall length) was evaluated using the GIS program. The data layers used in this study were generated from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and the Landsat 8 satellite digital number, and the highest amount of erosion occurred in the northern areas, and the highest values of erosion were reached in Tayeb and .((140000-56000)

The research aims to discover the effectiveness of temperature in poultry production in Basra Governorate to demonstrate the compatibility between this eastern month and poultry production (chicken) and its importance in the local and global economic sector, and its association with food security and the return of good capital to obtain food products because it contains many vegetables and proteins in large proportions compared to other animal meats.
The research also explains the compatibility between the appropriate temperatures for poultry consumption during the summer months that began at the entrance of heat in Basra Governorate and its introduction of the problems of these vital projects as it works to increase the temperature to increase the water consumption of chickens and then increase their secretions in which the substance began, gradually became about its consumption of feed material, which leads to a decrease in the weight of chickens, and finally to an increase in the number of deaths later, as a result of the stress that affects it with high temperature on the one hand and gradually to food on the other hand that provides the energy necessary for the necessity of life.

The poetic image is a tool used by the poet to express his visions and feelings. It is a poet's refined taste, embodying meaning and presenting it in a manner that lends the literary work its uniqueness and impact. It is what distinguishes the poet from others, and is understood by those who see it as the foundation of the poem and a faithful translation of the poet's innermost thoughts. The sources and tributaries of the image are numerous for the poet Ibn Sukkara al-Hashimi. Among the first of these sources were nature, both silent and moving, followed by the debauchery for which the poet was famous, and heritage in its literary, historical, and religious forms. These sources reflected the poet's experience in his poems.

The legislation of Guardianship (guardianship/authority) is considered one of the most significant family rules that organize the lives of men and women, both within and outside the family framework. Every institution or organization, regardless of its size, requires a leader to manage its affairs. it is essential for the family to have a leader who cares for, nurtures, and brings up its members. This authority may sometimes be absolute but at other times it may be restricted. It based on religious, social, and psychological considerations. However, there is often misunderstanding and misuse of this authority by some men and women. This study which titled "Guardianship between Absoluteness and Restriction". It aims to clarify which aspects of Guardianship are absolute and which are conditional, address misconceptions surrounding Guardianship , and confront the deviant attacks that seek to undermine Islam by criticizing its rules and legislations. The research consists of two sections: the first section discusses the general concepts of Guardianship , while the second section focuses on Guardianship within the marital relationship. The study concludes with findings and recommendations that highlight the absolute and conditional aspects of Guardianship and correct some of the common misconceptions about it.

In this research, a composite material was developed using unsaturated polyester resin as the base matrix and zinc oxide (ZnO) as a reinforcing agent. The study focused on evaluating key mechanical properties, including hardness, compressive strength, and impact resistance. To investigate the effect of filler concentration, samples were prepared with different ZnO weight fractions ranging from (1- 10)%. The results showed that the optimal improvement in mechanical performance occurred at a 6 wt % ZnO content of. In addition, the influence of processing temperature was examined by curing the composite samples at four different temperatures: 7°C, 25°C, 80°C, and 150°C. At 25°C, the composites demonstrated notable enhancements in impact resistance, compressive strength, and hardness, accompanied by a reduction in Young’s modulus. At other processing temperatures (7°C, 80°C, and 150°C), the mechanical properties exhibited varying trends, with some increasing while others decreased. Furthermore, it was observed that thermal conductivity increased with rising temperatures and decreased at lower temperatures. These findings suggest that both filler content and processing temperature significantly influence the mechanical and thermal behavior of ZnO-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites.

The research entitled (The Burda Poem in Light of De Beaugrand's Textual Standards) included an abstract in both Arabic and English, followed by an introduction in which the research addressed the importance of the research, its objectives, and the descriptive approach followed. The research was divided according to the nature of the scientific material into four sections. In the first section, the criterion of casting in the Burda poem was addressed in its two types: grammatical and lexical. In the second section, the research dealt with interweaving, and showed that the interweaving meanings are achieved through relationships that may be causal, perhaps explanatory, and other matters that were addressed during the research. The third section included the criterion of intentionality, i.e. the speaker's intention in creating this poem. In the fourth section, the research addressed the situation, i.e. the occasion and situation that clarify the purpose of the text to the reader. In the sixth section, which is informativeness, the research examined the means that achieve the highest degree of informativeness, such as metaphors. Therefore, the sixth section was titled: Acceptability. It is a criterion related to the recipient and the extent of his acceptance of the text, and the last criterion is intertextuality, and then a brief conclusion followed by the results reached by the research, the most prominent of which are the following: The criteria of casting and weaving were evident in the text, and contributed to achieving coherence on the formal and semantic levels, as deletion contributed to strengthening and intensifying the contents through combining and connecting several issues of a similar idea. The poet took into account in his poem Al-Burda the status of the addressees, so the article came in proportion to the situation. In the situation of talking with the Messenger, we find him being gentle and using phrases in a way that is appropriate, while in addressing the beloved, he uses good descriptions at times, and stinging descriptions at other times. Through this criterion of acceptability related to the recipient, he ensured the impact on the addressee, as well as the continuity of understanding for the recipient. Then, it was proven by the sources and references from which the research drew its scientific material .

The impact of applying various teaching methods on the development of skill performance in some football (soccer) skills.
The aim of the research is to investigate the following:
on the * The effect of applying various teaching methods development of skill performance in some football (soccer) skills between the pre-test and post-test.
* Identifying the statistical differences between the research groups in the post-tests regarding the development of skill performance in some football skills.
The researchers hypothesized the following:
* There are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results for both the experimental and control groups in developing skill performance in some football skills among first-year students, in favor of the post-test results for both groups.
* There are statistically significant differences between the post-test results of the experimental and control groups in developing skill performance in some football skills among first-year students.
* The researchers used the experimental method due to its suitability for the research problem and its application. The research population was intentionally selected and consisted of first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences – College of Basic Education / University of Mosul for the academic year 2024–2025, totaling (198) male and female students. The researchers then conducted a simple random draw among the classrooms of the research population to select the two research groups and distribute the independent variables accordingly.
As a result of this procedure, the researchers determined the following:
* Classroom (A) represented the experimental group, with the independent variable being the specified teaching methods.
* Classroom (C) represented the control group, with the independent variable being the method used by the course instructor.
The researchers used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS - version 25), along with the relevant statistical formulas and several equations required to derive the results of this research.
The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are:
* The specified teaching methods applied to the experimental group and the method used for the control group, through the implementation of the respective educational units, led to development in skill performance for some football skills (under current study).
Based on these conclusions, the researchers made several recommendations, the most important of which are:
* The necessity of reapplying these methods in a subsequent experiment to confirm their effectiveness in developing skill performance in certain football skills or other skills for a sample similar to the current study’s sample.

This study introduces HYPAR ABC, a parallel hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm designed to solve large scale vehicle routing problems efficiently. The solution population is partitioned into multiple “islands” that evolve independently, periodically exchanging information to balance exploration and exploitation. Dynamic adaptation mechanisms automatically adjust algorithm parameters based on search progress, while advanced migration strategies tune the frequency and rate of solution exchange. Selective local search further refines promising routes. Evaluated on benchmark datasets (Solomon, Gehring & Homberger, TSPLIB, Li & Lim) and simulated industrial logistics data, HYPAR ABC reduced optimality gaps by over 67%, achieved speedups up to 89× with 128 processors, and maintained parallel efficiencies between 0.70–0.95. Despite increased memory use with many islands, the method scales robustly and adapts to dynamic conditions, offering a practical framework for fleet routing in large distribution networks and paving the way for future extensions such as machine learning–driven parameter tuning and multi objective optimization.

There is no doubt that the verbal refining, sound and literal is a necessity of the language supplies, and this sometimes necessitated the recombination of words on different aspects in the meaning, which usually represents the idea that insists on the poet, which calls for confirmation and repetition of the same words in one conversation, and there is no doubt that the purposes are different and have justification for their repetition.
Since the speech is connected to the lives of human beings, the selection of words calls for wide attention by the poet as well as the critic when receiving these words, the stand on them and scrutiny has a great impact in the statement of the reasons and causes for which these similarities came, and perhaps that is what aroused the interest of the researcher in the desire to verify in some pictures and stand there.

This study examined the extraction of several active compounds from the Ammi majus plant using three extracts (organic, alcoholic, and aqueous). These extracts were then used on five groups of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes (control, positive control, and three extract-treated groups). Several biochemical variables were monitored (sugar, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)). Significant differences were observed in these variables when comparing the control groups with the groups of infected rats treated with the extracts. The results showed that the organic extract was the best type of extract due to its content of several important compounds, such as apigenin, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid.

The tragedy of Karbala has been and continues to be the focus of the attention of the literature and those concerned. It has been studied by many of the world's free writers. It is an inexhaustible sea. In this study, we will address the way our poet dedicated to studying in the lamentation of Imam Hussein (Peace be upon him), and the aggressive emotions he sent in his grief at the tragedy, Where we find the strength of feeling and the depth of the sense of majesty and greatness of these speeches and the scope of its influence on the soul, and these elegies, including meanings, ideas and images, were in harmony with the psychological state of the poet and integrate into it, ultimately integrating ideas with meanings and mutually reinforcing form with content in which the study aims to demonstrate the rhetorical methods used by the poet of tandem that gave the text an aesthetic value.

The event is considered one of the key dramatic elements in narrative arts. It refers to a sequence of actions or events that occur within a specific time and place. It typically includes a beginning that captures the audience’s attention, a middle where dialogue or conflict is revealed through the actions and opinions of the characters, with a rise and fall in the course of events, and an ending-often concluding with a specific message or situation. Harmony between these elements is achieved through a coherent and interconnected plot. The dramatic event in Ahmad Matar’s placards reflects the tragic reality of Arab nations and alerts society to the oppression of authoritarian regimes. It frequently focuses on a conflict between two opposing sides, where the event develops through successive scenes and acts in the dramatic texts.

Autobiography, or what has been known as self-writing, has held significant interest since ancient times. It is a literary genre concerned with reality, reflecting the human experience of the writer. Autobiography is considered one of the oldest forms of literary expression, known in Arabic tradition as tarjama. It is a genre that belongs to self-narrative, in which the writer recounts the story of their life, highlighting key personal, intellectual, and social milestones. Autobiography is characterized by the unique relationship between the writer and the text, where the writer merges with the narrator and the main character. Thus, autobiography is the transfer of memory into writing, articulated in an elegant and refined literary style, incorporating an essential criterion that distinguishes it from other narrative genres.

Obesity is a disease that directly impacts many metabolic processes. It has become a threat to everyone, including developed countries, due to lifestyle factors, lack of physical activity, and excessive consumption of high-calorie foods. It is worth noting that some medications, such as stimulants and antidepressants, in addition to psychological, hormonal, or other disorders, can cause obesity and directly affect the occurrence of infertility in women with a high body mass index. This study addressed the effect of obesity on biochemical variables and vitamin D in (70) women whose weights ranged between (90-120) kg and with an average age of (30-45) years and with infertility periods ranging between (5-15) years, compared with a control group consisting of (30) women with an average weight of (70-90) kg and the same age group. Biochemical variables (TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL) were measured in addition to vitamin D. The results showed significant differences in the level of these variables and vitamin D when comparing the two groups. This indicates the effect of obesity on metabolic processes in general and on biochemical variables in particular, and it constitutes one of the risk factors for infertility.

The question of fate and freedom is one of the most complex philosophical and religious issues, as religions seek to achieve a balance between God's absolute knowledge and sovereignty over the universe, on the one hand, and human freedom and responsibility for their actions, on the other. In this context, Judaism and Islam offer different, though similar, visions of the extent of God's control over human destinies and the extent of their freedom to choose their actions.
In Judaism, there is a strong emphasis on free will, with humans viewed as capable of choosing between good and evil, making them responsible for their own destiny, even though God knows everything in advance. In Islam, however, there is a delicate balance between predestination and free will. Muslims believe that God has ordained everything, yet at the same time grants humans freedom in their moral and religious actions, with the possibility of changing some destinies through prayer and good deeds.

Arabic linguistic studies face a deeply rooted issue since their adoption of modern linguistic theory: the multiplicity and inconsistency of terminology. This problem hampers scientific communication and causes confusion among researchers. This study aims to shed light on the lack of unified linguistic terminology in the Arab context and to investigate its historical and methodological causes—such as the multiplicity of Western linguistic sources, disparities in translation quality, and the absence of specialized academic institutions to regulate terminology. The research presents examples of terminological variation among different linguistic schools and analyzes its impact on the transmission of linguistic knowledge and the consolidation of core concepts. It also reviews previous initiatives aimed at unifying linguistic terminology and assesses their success or failure. In light of this, the study proposes a methodological framework for standardizing Arabic linguistic terms, based on collaboration between linguists and translators, the establishment of unified criteria for selection, borrowing, and Arabization, and the adoption of an effective institutional reference. Ultimately, the study aspires to contribute to a more stable and consistent terminological environment that fosters the development of Arabic linguistic scholarship and facilitates its integration into global academic discourse through clear language and precise, shared terminology.

The current research aims to identify the acceptance of the other among students of Al-Mustansiriya University and to identify the significance of the differences in accepting the other according to the gender variable (females, males)
A research sample consisting of (100) male and female students from the first and fourth stages in the Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance was selected randomly for the academic year (2024 – 2025)
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the scale of (Abu A’meema,2023)
The researcher reached two important results: (The research sample students have a good level of acceptance of the other, with statistically significant differences in the level of acceptance of the other according to the gender variable in favor of females)
The researcher concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is (enhancing interactive activities that encourage acceptance of the other among students through supporting programs and initiatives that promote diversity and tolerance)

Ali Awad's narrative works are literary works that embody character development. The author's methods are evident in their effective rooting, evidence, and intellectual construction. This points to subtle details within the character. Novelistic characters resemble human personalities. Here, the creative writer's role emerges in reshaping real characters into fictional ones. This requires employing personal experience in the world of narrative to enable his literary texts to contain religious, intellectual, logical, and emotional discourse. Therefore, we find that literature makes people aware of their ownexistence because it indirectly conveys their reality. The writer always strives to make his novels close to reality, which brings the reader a sense of pleasure.

This study aims to reveal the means, mechanisms, and tools that Al-Mutanabbi employed in his wisdom poetry, elevating it to that lofty and distinguished position that made him a pioneer in it. Abu Al-Tayyib's wisdom possessed a growing semantic progression, rich in diverse and varied connotations, indications, and meanings. The poet elevated it to another realm due to the refined and delicate artistic rhetorical techniques it contained, to the point that it became a registered trademark in his name, and became sayings that people repeat in every time and place, given its human, moral, educational, guiding, and advisory contents, in addition to its great lesson and admonition. This is something that made it timeless, and thus, it can be repeated at any time.
Given this importance, the study came to showcase the poetry of these wisdoms in their most splendid forms and from various angles, represented in studying wisdom at the sentence, hemistich, and verse levels, as well as studying it in terms of the poet's experience with himself and with society, in addition to his wisdom on death and life, until the research concluded with a range of results that showed us the diversity of rhetorical and linguistic styles, both declarative and expressive, that the poet employed in his wisdom, in addition to his talent, brilliance, and mastery of the language, which appeared pliable in his hands, manipulating its vocabulary and terms as he pleased to formulate and depict the connotations and meanings he desired.

The current research aims to identify the level of persuasion among students in the College of Science at Al-Mustansiriya University, and to determine the significance of differences in persuasion levels based on gender (females, males). A random sample of (200) male and female students from the first and fourth years in the Chemistry and Physics departments was selected for the academic year 2024-2025. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a persuasion scale based on Bandura's (1977) definition. After processing the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the researcher reached the following important results:1. The research sample possesses a satisfactory level of persuasion.2. There are statistically significant differences in the level of persuasion

The spiritual aspect in the holiness of the place is an Abstract expression of the values that regulates the relationship between the human and GOD the same goes with other religions like hindiusm buddhism and sikhs ....etc ,it defines the relationship between the person and the god he worships it explore how the holly place reflects peace and comfort in the places which lead to spiritual reflections and matters of the mind to connect to the holy spirit and what you feel during these rituals in holy places more than other ordinary places because it plays an important role in creating a spiritual environment of reflection and meditation .it is very emotional when you see people coming as individuals and as groups to perform prayers and reading Quran verses and pleadings to GOD it becomes very clear to you how holy these places are.

There is no doubt that living with chronic illnesses represents a significant challenge, especially when it comes to close family members. Families of people with kidney failure, in particular, face unique circumstances that place them in constant confrontation with the possibility of their loved ones' deteriorating health and loss. This ongoing confrontation generates complex feelings that take the form of what is known as anticipatory grief. This type of grief is characterized by dealing with potential loss before it occurs, affecting their psychological and social quality of life. Accordingly, this study aims to measure anticipatory grief among families with kidney failure and to examine the significance of differences in anticipatory grief among those with kidney failure according to the variables (gender and age). To achieve the study objectives, the researcher adopted the Anticipatory Grief Scale (Al-Hayali, 2022), built according to the Rando (1986) model. The final version of the scale consists of (27) items. The psychometric properties of the scale's validity and reliability were extracted, and appropriate statistical methods were used to extract the results of the current study.
The results of the current study indicated that families with kidney failure experience anticipatory grief, and there is There are statistically significant differences in anticipatory grief according to the gender variable (males, females), and there are no statistically significant differences according to the age variable.

Hadith authorizations (ijazat), especially oral ones, emerged at the beginning of the era of Hadith transmission. These authorizations, whether verbal or written, are permissions granted by scholars to those they allow to narrate from them. Many scholars documented these ijazat and wrote biographies of the scholars who granted them. Among the most important works in this field is (Lulu’at al-Bahraynby) Sheikh Yusuf al-Bahrani. The author distinguished himself with precise and clear opinions, which later scholars relied upon. The praise and commendation the book received further reflect its significance and scholarly value.
Keywords:

Every living organism exposed to the natural radiation from water, air, or soil. Consequently, radiation can enter a plant through the soil it grows in, the water it is watered with, or both. Once the radiation hits the plant, it spreads to animals, which then spread to people. Because radiation is passed from animals to people through the food chain, eating meat can have negative health effects. In the present investigation, 200 samples of the bones and muscles of sheep and cattle that were available in Iraq were examined for radioactivity., at a rate of 20 samples from each city (10 sheep samples, 10 cow samples). To determine the amounts of alpha emitter radiation released from the samples, which were gathered from ten Iraqi cities, the CR-39 nuclear trace detector was used Samples taken from Mosul were found to contain the lowest levels of uranium, While the highest levels of uranium were found in samples taken from the cities of Baghdad, Tikrit, and Kirkuk, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in uranium levels between Baghdad and Nineveh (12.496) and between Kirkuk and Nineveh (11.826) respectively, According to Scheffe's paired comparisons test. The results of the current study also showed a significant increase in uranium levels in bones (12.087±1.829) compared to its levels in muscles (8.823±1.455) at a significance level of (0.05) In both sheep and cattle. This is because the bones' tissue structure has a high capacity to absorb heavy substances. While there was no significant difference in uranium levels between sheep and cows, whether in bone or muscle tissue. The obtained results are lower than 35 Bq.kg-1 the global allowed values according (UNSCEAR), and are safe for consumption.

The present study aims to explore the translation strategies employed in the translation of conversational implicatures (with an eye on humor and puns) of two Kurdish translations of Shakespeare’s well-known comedies As You Like It and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In that view, 224 conversational implicatures were selected randomly in order to explore strategies employed by the translator in rendering conversational implicatures with an eye on humors and puns in these two plays. The data was collected by carefully studying Shakespeare’s plays As You Like It and A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream along with their Kurdish translations done by Azad Hama Sharif. Having identifying the conversational implicature in the source text, their equivalents were subsequently found along with the Kurdish translation. In the third step, the conversational implicature were categorized based on Mur Duenas’s (2003) taxonomy of translation strategies. The analysis revealed that cultural literal translation with 119 cases was the most frequent strategy employed by the translator to render humor and pun conversational implicatures. Moreover, the study identified TL cultural cognate (63 cases), and TL cultural reference suppression (34) to be the most frequent strategies. The study also observed that the translator scarcely employed other two strategies namely ‘SL cultural and linguistic borrowing, SL cultural borrowing plus explanation’ (8 cases) due to the fact that he made every attempt at his disposal to render these conversational implicatures into Kurdish and to create the same effects in the Kurdish audience. The conclusions drawn from this study are significant since it can contribute greatly to the instruction of dramatic texts in Kurdish and other language pairs. The conclusions drawn from this study can be worthwhile for scholars, teachers, and translators working in the area of literary translation and the translation of dramatic texts.