journal of kufa studies center

In order for Allah to be the strongest argument against all His creation, this requires a statement and a statement of the words of the Almighty (and I have revealed this Qur'an to warn you of it and those who have reached it) in accordance with the rule of the ugliness of punishment without explanation. The Holy Qur'an protests against all human beings and calls them to religion from among them. The discourse is not limited to the Arabs, and this leads to one of two things. Either all human beings should speak the language of the Arabs in order to understand what Allah Almighty means by His Holy Book. Or they translate the meanings of the words of the Holy Qur'an into the language of non-Arabs so that they can receive the message that Allah Almighty commanded His Noble Prophet to warn the people.
Since the first matter is impossible because of the difference in the Sunnah of the people, the other matter remains, which is the translation of the meanings of the Qur'anic words into other languages. However, the translation of the Holy Qur'anic text into these languages is surrounded by a set of legal prohibitions when attributing the translated texts to Allah Almighty. The meanings without words because it is impossible to do so by the impossibility of attribution, and the translator must be characterized by specificities that qualify him to carry out this task, which the research came to mention as the conditions that must be met by those who want to translate the meanings of the Qur'an, including accurate knowledge of language and explanation and mastery of Qur'anic sciences.

"Haraba" represents a form of internal armed conflicts in Islamic law, and constitutes the most serious crime, because of the impact of this crime on undermining the security of society and threatening its members.
First, this research will focus on the study of haraba on three topics, the first of which included the definition of haraba in language and idiom, by looking at dictionaries and language books to define haraba in language, then going through jurisprudential books to see the opinion of jurists on haraba, so we followed the definitions of the jurists of Islamic schools to come up with a final conclusion of their opinions in this regard.
The third topic dealt with the punishment of haraba and the opinion of jurisprudence and law on the matter, and as a result of the transformations witnessed in the contemporary world and related to the phenomenon of terrorism as a criminal act that threatens the security of society, the researcher made a brief comparison with haraba and according to what the denominator requires.

The research dealt with the study of the subject (The impact of unilateral actions on the conventions of international humanitarian law: reservation and ratification as a model), as the world has known since ancient times conflicts in which humanity has lived unforgettable periods of brutality against humanity, despite the existence of calls to renounce violence and adopt wisdom instead to resolve conflicts, but from time to time we still witness conflicts between the parties that result in humanitarian disasters, and from this point of view, the international community has turned to reduce armed conflicts through law The International Humanitarian Organization and its international conventions, which have played a major role in highlighting the obligation of its provisions and achieving its humanitarian goals, which are represented in the protection of civilians and combatants who have stopped fighting, as well as their protection of civilian objects and cultural property.
The researcher's scientific plan was divided into two topics, the first dealt with the concept of reservation as an international unilateral act and was divided into two demands, the first dealt with the definition of reservation and the second dealt with the effect of reservation on international humanitarian law conventions, so that the second topic came to clarify the concept of ratification as an international unilateral conduct, which was divided into two demands, the first dealt with the definition of ratification and the second dealt with the impact of ratification on international humanitarian law conventions. As for the conclusion of the research, it included a set of conclusions, including that the conventions of international humanitarian law are infallible Despite their peremptory and peremptory nature and the support of this by the International Law Commission as well as the rulings of the International Court of Justice, and consequently the formulation of a reservation thereon is prohibited in the case of a provision or not, because it contradicts the objectives and principles of these conventions, to which States are bound by ratification by virtue of ratification, as the most important stage in concluding them.

Imam Zayn al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein (peace be upon him) chose the verbal method as a means of reforming the society that was dominated by injustice, arbitrariness, collapse, morality and science, so he wrote a treatise on rights in fifty articles in three main chapters:
1 - The Truth of God
2 - The right of self
3 - The right of others
The narrator of the newspaper was Al-Mutawakkil bin Umair, and its chain ends with Imam Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (peace be upon him) and Zaid al-Shaheed bin Imam Ali bin al-Hussein from their father Ali bin al-Hussein (peace be upon them).
The text of the treatise is mentioned in the book Al-Khasal by Al-Saduq, and in the book Tuhf al-'Aqul by Abu Shu'bah al-Harrani. Several commentaries were given to the treatise and translated.
In the modern era, after the Second World War and the injustice and arbitrariness faced by man, the United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a reaction to the destruction inflicted on man, plants and inanimate objects.
When comparing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with the message of rights of Imam al-Sajjad (peace be upon him), the message is highlighted and the declaration is smaller, as a natural result when comparing the messages of heaven and the messages of human beings.

Saudi-Iranian relations are surrounded by a number of important regional variables that have a direct and indirect impact on the overall relationship between them and on the phenomenon of religious extremism that has swept the regional region (the Middle East) in particular.
One of the most prominent international variables in the Middle East is the study of the extent of the influence of international actors on the overall relations between the parties to the conflict, and (international variables) means the variables of the international environment affecting Saudi-Iranian relations negatively or positively, and how Saudi-Iranian relations are affected by the phenomenon of religious extremism as a result of these relations with the world great powers.

The research focuses on the weaknesses left by the Soviet disintegration and the Russian Federation is still suffering from in order to restore its international status as it was at the time of the former Soviet era, as Russia's capabilities to confront and overcome these limitations have not yet crystallized. The research also deals with the American-European approach to containing Russia to prevent the escalation of its global role.
Research hypothesis:
The research hypothesis is that the effects of international transformations at the end of the last century still stand in the way of Russia's success in restoring its international standing.
The central question of the research is
When will Russia be able to meet the challenges of restoring its prestigious international standing?
In order to address the issue, we will first examine the effects of the Soviet disintegration on Russia's international standing in two demands that dealt with provoking conflicts in the countries of the Russian Commonwealth, and the effects of the geographical variable that the Russian Federation faced, due to the independence of the former Soviet republics, which caused Russia to lose many sites and ports in the world's seas, and secondly, we will examine the US-European containment approach of the Russian Federation in two demands that dealt with the effects of the expansion of NATO's missions and the establishment of the American missile shield in Eastern and Central Europe.

The cultural reality forces man to search and explore for the purpose of determining the destination of man through his interaction as a conscious self with his surroundings to form development strategies, and in our research entitled (The Local Specificity of Contemporary Iraqi Painting for the Period 1950-1986), we seek to uncover this specificity by adopting an analytical and descriptive approach for the purpose of determining that specificity .
In the first chapter, the researcher identified the research problem, determined its importance, the methodology followed, and defined the concept of locality in accordance with the nature of painting to achieve the purpose of the research, and through the second chapter, in its first chapter, the spatial and social concept of locality as traditions and customs, and in the second chapter, the characteristics and characteristics of Mesopotamian art were studied under the influence of the environment, beliefs and characteristics of the artwork .
The third topic was characterized by the study of the features and characteristics of Islamic art with its impact on unity, comprehensiveness, and the influences surrounding it, as it is a contemplative art, abstract references and their particularities, and the fourth topic dealt with the characteristics and characteristics of modern European art since the beginning of modernity, the influences and transformations due to life, subjective, and individual variables, and the impact of technology and the freedom of form and expression it generated between the conscious and the unconscious, the reasonable and the irrational. In the third chapter, the researcher turned to the analysis through (4) samples of four artists according to specific justifications according to a descriptive-analytical approach to form analysis and the content. In the fourth chapter, the results were presented and discussed, and the fifth chapter was a presentation of the conclusions, and then the sources, footnotes, appendices, and photographs.

The research came according to a problem that is summarized in the following question: What are the foundations and methods of artistic approaches between plastic art (painting and sculpture in particular)) and cinema .
The importance of the research was generated from several data, the most important of which is that this comprehensive study is presented for the first time with focused scientific research, and it is of interest to researchers in all the aforementioned fields .
The objectives of the research are to reveal the mechanisms of work and the foundations that govern these approaches between plastic art and cinema, as well as to reveal the values of the effects of this work aesthetically and functionally.The research was determined by the study of the plastic convergences within the structure of the cinematic film.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, in which the researcher dealt with the most important artistic approaches that meet between the plastic arts and cinema with two researches, the first about language and the second on form. The third chapter included the research procedures and was represented by the research methodology, and the researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical method, then the research sample in which the researcher relied on a short Iraqi documentary film (Ideas from Dust) that contains the two mediums that the researcher deals with in this research. By taking the shot, the scene, and analyzing the aforementioned sample. Then there was the fourth chapter, which included the most important results that confirmed what the researcher sought to reach the value and impact of semantic uses and the work of convergent symbols and their eloquence within the cinematic construction resulting from the comprehensive work.
As for the conclusions, they focused on the semantically rich image due to the convergence of plastic art with cinema, according to their dependence on the final image. Then there were recommendations, suggestions, and a list of sources.

This research aimed to study the design structure of the floral decorations of the shrine of Imam al-Qasim, considering that these decorations have not been targeted before by the analytical study that invents the design structure for them, and through the above, the research problem is determined by answering the following question :
What is the design structure of the floral decorations in the shrine of Imam al-Qasim (AS)?
The research is also determined by the floral decorations of all types and shapes used in the exterior facades of the shrine of Imam al-Qasim (peace be upon him) from 1416 AH to 1996 AD to 1425 AH - 2004 AD
The theoretical framework dealt with the following topics: a brief history of the shrine of Imam al-Qasim and the floral decorations in the facades of the shrine, the classification of the decorative units in the holy shrine, the construction of the design foundations of the plant decorations and the organizational methods for them, and the technique of implementing the decorations on the glazed wage (Qasani), and the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical method in his procedures to reach the results that achieve his goals and solve his problem, as the research community included only the plant decorations implemented on the glazed wage in the shrine, and the total of the floral decorative designs reached (17) The research sample was acquired by the intentional sample method because it reflects the characteristics of the original community due to the similarity in the decorative construction and its decorative elements, so the researcher identified (4) samples that respond to the characteristics of the original community, and the researcher designed a tool (questionnaire) and presented it to experts to ensure its validity and achieve the goals, and the research reached many results, including the use of the principle of repetition in the distribution of decorative units and symmetrical shapes in a bilateral way. And the use of the bar organization method through the repetition of the units Video.
The researcher recommended to benefit from the design construction of plant decorations by breaking the state of monotony and rigidity in the method of repetition of decoration through the use of free distribution of plant decorations and paying attention to the spatial organization of the movement of plant branches according to the available space .
The researcher also suggested conducting a comparative study of the phenomenological distribution of the decorative components in all the shrines, and the study of the decoration and the compositions of the lines on the minarets of the holy shrines .

The dividend policy is one of the strategic financial decisions of the company, and through the dividend policy, the company decides to either pay dividends to shareholders in various forms or keep them as retained dividends for the purpose of expanding and developing its business.
Accordingly, the research aims to identify the dividend distribution policy and the market value of the share and measure the relationship between the dividend distribution policy and the market value of the share in practice, through application in a sample of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research sample consisted of (4) companies listed in the banking sector in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2015.
The researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the concept of dividend policy is one of the important concepts for companies because of the important processes and procedures it includes that are reflected in the decision making regarding the distribution or retention of profits, and in practice it has been proven that there is a correlation between dividends per share and the market value of each share.
In the light of the conclusions, the following recommendations were reached :
The need for both the Iraqi Stock Exchange and the corporate administrations to pay attention to dividends, because of their impact on the retained profits, which represents one of the forms of internal financing, in addition to its impact on the market value.
The need for corporate managements to pay attention to the relationship between the dividend distribution policy and the market value of the share, through the companies' disclosure in their financial reports.

The right to adequate housing is one of the basic and indispensable human rights , and housing comes in importance after eating and clothing in the hierarchy of human needs, and the topic of adequate housing has been mentioned in many international conventions and treaties, starting with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 until now, because the issue of housing represents great importance in human life, as it represents the right that guarantees human beings to live with dignity
The research problem stated that the housing in (Freedom City, Najaf Governorate) does not meet the economic, social and cultural rights of decent housing .
The research adopted the hypothesis that economic, social and cultural rights can be met by applying the elements of the right to adequate housing.
In order to reach the goal of the research, which stipulates reaching the state of decent housing that provides the rights (economic, social and cultural) in (Freedom City / Najaf Governorate).The research came in two topics, the first topic studied the concepts of economic, social and cultural rights and an extract of the theoretical framework, and the second topic included the practical and applied aspect of Freedom City / Najaf Governorate, to measure the extent to which these rights have been realized in the city
Indicators were produced that represent the extent to which economic, social and cultural rights have been achieved in the housing balance of Freedom City, and the researcher recommended the need to study the housing balance in Iraqi cities on the basis of the elements of the right to adequate housing to meet economic, social and cultural rights.

Stimulating students' interest in learning processes and focusing their attention and limiting it to receiving multiple teaching activities is one of the main principles that the teacher must observe, and perhaps the creative teacher in his specialization is the one who is keen to arouse students' motivation for knowledge and make the teaching process enjoyable and interesting in order to ensure that students accept learning actively and actively.
Stimulating motivation through skill is an educational task that should be taken care of by everyone concerned with the affairs of this process, because stimulating motivation in learning is one of the first educational goals, as it develops the ability of the student to think and understand what he has learned, and motivation has a great relationship with students' achievement, as stimulating motivation affects their academic achievement and achieving high results.
The research problem is determined by the following question:
What is the Effect of the Effectiveness of Preparation and Closing Skills on the Achievement of First Grade Intermediate Students in Art Education
The researcher reached results including that the experimental group obtained the highest grades after being taught the subject of art education using the skills of preparation and closure, these two led to attracting the attention of students to the lessons and alerting their senses and minds, and created a state of anticipation and anticipation that helped in the demand for learning and contributing to it, and the preparation works to build a scientific base for the studied topic, which proves and clarifies it in the minds of the students, as well as the methods that were used in preparing for the lesson with the experimental group. It has aroused the students' attention and increased the classroom interaction between them and the teacher so that the largest possible number of students participate in one lesson.