Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Three 1,2 dithiole 3-thion fluoroquinolone esters (2-4) were prepared via condensation of (p-hydroxyl phenyl) -1,2dithiole3-thione with fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Gatefloxacin and Moxifloxacin). The biological activity of these compounds
was assayed against 60 types of cancer cells in vitro. The compound 2 (NSC=760553) showed anticancer activity against renal
cell, while the comound 4 (NSC=760555) show activity against three types of cancer cell. The expected mechanism of their
activity is that 1,2dithiole 3-thione derivatives may give H2S as new gas transmitter which play an important role in the
biological systems.

The aim of this study was to identify the vaginal bacteria flora in black Iraqi goats subjected to estrus synchronization.
Sixteen multiparous black Iraqi goats presented in the farm of the College Veterinary Medicine, Al-Anbar University, were
included in this study, during the breeding season, from May 2011 to July 2011. The ages of the animals rwere 2-4 years. A
polyurethane sponge containing 20 mg of micromsed cronolone (fluorogestone acetate progestagen) was inserted in the vagina
for 14 days. Standard bacteriological procedures were performed on vaginal mucus swabs obtained before application of the
sponges and at sponges withdrawal. Results of this study revealed that the most bacterial flora was Gram positive Bacilli
before insertion of sponges, while most of Gram negative Bacilli were present after sponges withdrawal. Bacterial culture of
vaginal swabs taken before insertion of sponges showed 8 isolates (50%) G_
and 8 isolates (50%) G+
, while after withdrawal of
sponges the bacterial culture showed 10 isolates G_ (45.4%) and 12 isolates (54.6) G+
. The most prevalent bacteria isolated
were S. aureus (10 isolates) 26.3%. E. coli (6 isolates) 15.8%, P. vulgaris (6 isolates) 15.8%, C. (4 isolates)10.5% and other
bacteria where having 2 isolates 5.2% for each one includes, Entercoccus fecalis, Entrococcus, Entrobacter, Klebsiella
pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Salmonella. In conclusion, using progestagen impregnated sponges in the vagina for
estrus synchronization could stimulate inflammation of the vaginal mucous membrane and increase of bacterial infection.

The occurrence of Schistosomiasis was detected by fecal examination (Formalin- ether centrifugalsedimentation technique)
and abattoir Survey during a period from October 2006 to March 2007,andhistopathological study. Schistosomabovis was
identified with prevalence rate 11.37% by fecal examination where as 1.6% by abattoir survey. Diseased animals exhibited
acute clinical signs, which included emaciation, sunken eye, pale mucus membrane and diarrhea. The Infections was more
prevalent in age 1-3 years 15.9%. The histopathological findings reveal characteristic lesions in blood vessels and some tissues
including thrombosis in veinuoles and mesenteric vein and minute granuloma around the eggs in portal area and fatty necrosis
in the liver, cystic structure of some mucosal glandsof the intestine containing eggs, with infiltration of mononuclear
inflammatory cells in different tissues

The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic partial hepatectomy via two techniques in
rams. Twenty-four adult local breed rams were used, which divided randomly and equally into two groups. All
animals subjected to laparoscopic partial hepatectomy. operations were performed under the effect of general anesthesia by using
5% thiopental sodium at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg B.W., intravenously and maintenance was done by inhalation (halothane) (2- 2.5%).
Animals placed in a reverse Trendelenburg (30º) and left lateral position. Pneumoperitoneum was achieved under (10 - 12mmHg).
Four (10 mm) ports were made on ventral abdominal wall. Liver parenchyma was controlled with modified liver clamp. In first
group, partial hepatectomy was done by Clamp-crush forceps. While in second group, Ultra- surgical device was used. Following
operations, certain parameters such as rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, food intake, and secondary health problemes had
been recorded. Also the operative and resection times and blood loss were estimated. Liver enzymes (alinine transaminase, aspartate
transaminase, alkaline phosphate, total serum bilirubin and total serum proteins were measured. Histopathological examination
of liver biobsies was performed at 3rd, 7th, 15th days and four months post-surgery. The main intra-operative complication was the
bleeding. Result indicated that the vital parameters were within the normal rang. Shorter operative and resection times were noticed
in second group when compared with first group. There were no significant differences in the mean values of blood loss in both
groups. Also no bile collection were seen in the abdominal cavity or subphrinic region during the exploratory laparoscopy at (3, 7,
and 15 days) and four months post-surgery. There were no significant differences in the mean values of the liver function test (liver
enzymes) in two groups. Macroscopic examination revealed the presence of adhestion between liver and adjcent structures with
varing degree. The normal structures of the liver which consist of hepatocytes and central vein returned within 4 months post
operations in second group. We can conclude that the laparoscopic partial hepatectomy in rams can be safely performed under Ultrasurgical technique with a modified liver clamp which reflected minor secondary complications and early liver regeneration.

The potent ameliorating effect of ethanol extract of N. sativa seed on the immune system has been assessed in
dexamethasone-induced immune-suppressed male rabbits. Fifty mature male rabbits were randomly assigned into five equal
groups (control and four treated groups). Animals were daily treated, for 42 days, as follow: C: was orally administered with
drinking water; T1: was orally administered with N.s.S.E. (1.5 g/ kg, b.w.); T2: was injected with dexamethasone (2 mg/ kg,
b.w., im); T3: was combined treated concomitantly with N.s.S.E. and dexamethasone; T4: was treated with dexamethasone for
21 days followed by N.s.S.E. for 21 days. The results of body weight gain revealed significant increase in T1 and significant
decrease in T2 among the experimental groups. Submandibular lymph node weights of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher
than that of C. Kidneys weights in T2 and T3 registered significant increase compared with C. Bone weight in T1 and T4 groups
was significantly higher than that of other groups. Liver weight in T2 was significantly higher and in T4 was significantly lower
than other groups. Total leucocytes count and lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils percentages were significantly
decreased in T1, while showed no significant differences in T2, T3 and T4 groups compared with that of control. Phagocytes
activity and bone marrow mitotic index were significantly reduced in T2 group, while returned to normal in T1, T3 and T4
groups compared with control. Titers of IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 showed no significant differences among groups, while IgG titer
was increased in T1 and T4 and decreased in T2. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the examined
extract showed a certain immunomodulating effect. Of the immunological aspects, cellular immunity was potentially
ameliorated in intact and dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed- male rabbits

In order to isolate Bovine Herpes virus type -1- (BHV-1) from cattle using cell culture (Bovine fetal kidney cell) and
diagnosis by neutralization test, 592 swabs (230 Nasal swabs, 102 Vaginal swabs, 230 Ocular swabs, 12 swabs from Balanus
and penises, 8 swabs from skin lesion in udder and 10 Anal swabs) were collected from animals suffering from respiratory
signs, ocular discharge with congestion in conjugtiva and opacity in the eye, abortion in different stages of pregnancy with
vaginal discharge, inflammation in balanus and penis with discharge in ox older than 2 years, some cattle suffering from
mastitis with chronic skin lesions in udder and teat, some young calves suffer from bloody diarrhea, and healthy cattle. The
result of isolation and diagnosis of virus showed (30.57%) total percentage of infection using cell culture and (21.62%) using
neutralization test. The highest percentage of infection was in Jub ramla farm, and the lowest percentage infection was in Dura
farm using both methods. The study also showed the high percentage in vaginal swabs (49.01%) in cell culture, and in
neutralization test (34.31%), whereas the lowest percentage of infection appeared in swabs from balanus and penises and
swabs from skin lesion in udder (25%) in cell culture, while the lowest percentage of infection (25%) appeared in ocular swabs
using neutralization test. The study detected the high percentage of infection in young calves (less than 6 months) of both sex
by using both methods. The results of propagation of samples in cell culture appear one blind passage except anal swabs (two
blind passage), the cytopathic effect (CPE) differ in appearance as the time decrease with progress passage. The CPE
manifested by cell swelling shrink and rounded of cells. Cluster appearance and Vacuoles. The CPE variad in passage
depending on type of sample, the highest potency was in balanus and penises swabs when compared with other samples.

The aim of this sutdy is to evaluate the effect of using the (IMBO) as probiotic in the reduction of diarrhea caused by
E.coli in newborn calves. Using 150 newborn calves naturally infected with E.coli which is divided into three groups 50
animals in each group. First group, the animals of this group were inoculated Biomin IMBO as probioric orally given daily for
16 day with 6 gm\animal, while second group, the animals of this group were inoculated IMBO as probitic with same previous
dose after natural infected with E.coli and suffering from diarrhea. While the third group (control group) which was not
inoculated the IMBO as probiotic. The E.coli was isolated and it is virulence was evaluated by k99 pili test, the bacterial count
for the feces sample of the calves was done as many hematological test which include (leukocyte count, differential WBCs
count, packed cell volume, as well as TPP concentration and albumin and globulin for day (1,7,16) of the study. The probiotic
was positively effective in the decrease of the severity of clinical sings and significantly increase calves weight which were
المجلة العراقية للعلوم البيطرية، المجلد ،٢٦ عدد إضافي ،٤ ٢٠١٢ (٣٢٨-٣٢١)
treated by the probiotic, in the day (16) of the study and increase in the mortality rate compared with control group. The study
shows probiotics use contributed in decrease of the number of E.coli excreted by feces of naturally infected calves with
colibacillosis. Hematology test results showed significant increase in total leukocyte count, neutrophil, monocyte count and
significant decrease in pact cell volume in the first and second group compared with control group. While serum test showed
significant increase in total protein and globulin and significant decrease in albumin value. From the results of the study we
notice the positive effect of probiotic IMBO on the health state after causing infection by colibacillosis and decrease the
severity of clinical signs and increase the immunity respond.

Isolation and identification of the species related to actinomycetes which have a role in Hypersensitvity Pneumonitis (HP).
A total of (241) samples were collected from different sources including 83 sputum samples, 83 blood samples from the
workers in cows, sheep poultry farms, poultry slaughter house, textuary, flour, tannery factories, sawmills, and hospitalized
patient as well as 25 samples from the worker environment (soil, air, water), through August 2008 to February 2009. The
isolates were identified to species level depending on morphological, biochemical and physiological tests, including the
species Nocardia spp, Rhodococcus equi, Saccharomonospora viridis, Nocardia nova, Coryneformbacteria were isolated in
high percentage from individual with normal level of IgE 100 IU\ml with and without clinical symptoms, and with less
frequency the species Nocardia spp, Citrococcus spp, Coryneformbacteria in individual with high level of IgE > 100 IU \ ml.
The species Saccharomonospora viridis, Nocardia nova, Nocardia spp. also were isolated from individual with high level of
IgG.> 25 IU \ ml compared with whom have normal level of IgG 25 IU \ ml. were the species Saccharomonospora viridis,
Coryneformbacteria, Nocardia spp, Citrococcus spp, Rhodococcus equi, isolated. But not isolated from the control.

This study was conducted on laying chick breed high line, 140 chicks one day old were divided into four groups: first
control, second was given Peganum harmala in food, Third given vaccine and Peganum harmala. The fourth was given
vaccine only. Bivalent vaccine Rispens, CVI988 and HVT was used at one day old by intramuscular injection. Sample of
lymphatic organs, spleen, thymus, and Bursa of Fabricious were taken at days 3, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 42 for gross and
histological study. Blood smears were taken at the same days for measuring stress factor and Phagocytic index. The gross
reactions vary from congestion to enlargement of organs and hemorrhage after vaccination comparable with control. Paleness
appear in those groups treated with Peganum harmala.Histological sections of spleen, thymus showed clear changes
representing by hemorrhage, perivascular cuffing and depletion of lymphocytes in the germinal center of the most of lymphatic
organs such as thymus, spleen, and Bursa of Fabricious, Phagocytic index showed significant increase in all groups vaccinated
and unvaccinated groups compared to control group. Stress factor showed significant increase in all groups also.

The aim of this experiment is to study the effects of antithyroid agent (Propylthiouracil, PTU) on domestic chicks male
reproductive system. 36 local male one day old chicks were used. Chicks were distributed randomly to three groups, first
group (control group) fed standard diet, while 2nd and 3 rd groups were fed diet contain 0.01 and 0.1 % of antithyroid agent
(Propylthiouracil PTU) respectively, from 1 - 25 days of age. Chicks were killed at the end of 4th week in order to study the
effects of PTU treatment on some male reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristic as well as some body organs.
Results revealed that PTU treatment significantly decreased body weight, significantly increased right and left testis
percentage and absolute weights in group treated with 0.1% PTU compared with the control group. Treatment also
significantly increase comb length and height as well as in liver and heart weights.

The results showed that the vaccination programs in 10 farms of broilers nearly similar at the early stage of rearing,
including vaccination against Newcastle and infectious bronchitis disease together by spraying, at 3 day age killed ND vaccine
were used then IBD vaccine at 8 day age. After that the differences occurred according to the disease which affects the flock
that lead some times to emergency vaccination against that disease. In addition, some farms used Swollen Head Syndrome
(SHS) vaccine. The results of six layers farms showed also close similarity of vaccination programs at the first stage of rearing
which included vaccination against Marek's disease at 1 day age by injection, coccidiosis at 7 day age and other live, killed
bivalent or trivalent vaccines as well as the vaccination against avian influenza (H9N2).

The aim of the present study was designed to determine alterations in some biochemical parameters associated with
traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) in the local buffaloes at Ninevah Governorate. Ninety six blood samples were collected
from female buffaloes divided into three groups , the first group represented the control group and it included 16 clinically
healthy animals , the second group included 40 animals suffered from acute TRP , finally the third group consisted of 40
animals represented chronic TRP. The results showed that TRP whether acute or chronic caused significant elevation in the
activities of the following enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) , creatine kinase (CK) , gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared with control
group. It was concluded that TRP in buffaloes causes changes in some biochemical parameters in the serum.

The study aimed to investigate the brucellosis in sheep herds that showed, disease and signs of abortion in different regions
of the Nineveh province. The study involved randomly collection of three thousand blood samples from 22 herds of sheep and
from each blood samples, 485 (sheep 425 and rams 60) were tested for Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT) as well as Tube
agglutination test (TAT), then confirmed these diagnosis of the positive and negative samples of RBPT and TAT by using the
polymerase chain reaction technique. The results showed variation in abortion rates 11.9% in herds under study depending on
the history of the condition, which amounted from 1.6 - 21.1 %, while the abortion rates in herds based on the examination of a
Rose-Bengal reach 5.4%. It was also noted a significant increase in the proportion of infected males (rams) brucellosis which
reached 50%. The study found that the percentage of compatibility between the RBPT and TAT of the serum was 90.7%.
Using two pairs of primers, the first one, Brucella OMP2 (193 base pairs) use to identify the genius of the Brucella, while the
other pairs of primers use as specific (731 base pairs) to identify the strain of Br. melitensis only. Application of Brucella
OMP2 primers on some selected result of positive and negative samples of RBPT and TAT by using PCR technique gives
compatibility rate reach 94.4%

The objective of this study was to detect the genetic linkage map of ascites disease in broiler using microsatellite markers.
Three different random groups were used. Three chromosomal regions distributed on two chromosomes were covered by this
study, which were: The first chromosome the region 18.38-21.48 Mega base pair. The first chromosome: The region 127.01
Mbp. The ninth chromosome: The region13.5-15 Mbp. Four primers were designed; (PHS01, PHS02, PHS03, PHS04), for the
purpose of detection and analysis microsatellite alleles which occur close to the selected regions. Existence of multiple alleles
per locus was detected by genetic analysis, with a significant linkage for many of these alleles to the candidate genes for The
Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites); MAPK II, Rho- GTPase, AGTR 1. Therefore , there is possibility of using all
the tested markers in the future programs selection associated with Ascites disease in broiler chickens.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of melatonin dietary supplementation 40 mg/kg in adult Ross 308
male chickens 24 weeks concomitantly exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (1%) with drinking water for
6 weeks on reproductive performance.Semen were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 weeks. From the results no significant differences in
the volume of ejaculates during the time of hydrogen peroxide treatment, while sperm concentration, mass motility and
individual motility show significant decrease during the experimental period as compared with the control group, accompanied
with a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperms during the experimental period as compared with zero time. Also, no
significant differences in ejaculates volume in melatonin with hydrogen peroxide treatment compared with the hydrogen
peroxide group and zero time, administration of melatonin with hydrogen peroxide caused significant increase in sperms
concentration , individual motility at the 4th and 6th week and mass motility in 2nd,4th and 6th week compared with hydrogen
peroxide group and the experiment period had no significant effects on sperm concentration and mass motility while
significant increase appear in individual motility at the 6th week compared with zero time and 2nd week. Melatonin dietary
supplementation in roosters exposed to oxidative stress caused significant decrease in percentage of dead and abnormal sperms
at 2nd, 4th and 6th week compared with hydrogen peroxide group and there is no significant difference in dead sperms
percentage during the experiment period while significant decrease appear at 4th and 6th week in abnormal sperms percentage
compared with zero time. Melatonin supplementation alone had no significant effects on ejaculates volumes of compared with
zero time and the control group , while melatonin administration caused significant increase in sperm concentration at 4th and
6th week compared with the control group and zero time and 2nd week and cause increase in mass motility and individual
motility at 6th week of the experiment compared with the control group and zero time , the results showed that melatonin cause
significant decrease in percentage of dead sperms during experiment period compared with the control group and zero time
and in abnormal sperms percentage during the experiment period compared with the control group and then significantly
decreased at 2nd,4th and 6th week compared with zero time and the control group. It was concluded from this study that the
dietary supplementation of melatonin reduce adverse effects that produced by hydrogen peroxide on semen characters in adult
male chickens, and dietary supplementation of melatonin alone has a good effects in semen characters in adult male chickens.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing powder, oil and aqueous extract of clove to diet and
drinking water to alleviate heat stress of broiler exposed to cyclic temperature 28-35-28°C. One hundred and sixty one day old
unsexed Ross broiler chickens were used. They, reared on litter for 4 weeks, and fed a starter diet containing 22.7% crud
protein and 2935.7 Kcal ME/ Kg diet. From 4-8 weeks they were reared in five batteries, and fed a finisher diet containing
20.2% crud protein and 3034.8 Kcal ME/ Kg diet. Management and health instruction for rearing Rose broiler were applied.
Five treatments (four replicate each treatment) were carried out. Treatment T0 without supplementing clove to diet and
drinking water; treatments T1, T2 supplementing 0.8, 0.4% of clove powder to diet respectively; treatment T3 supplementing
0.8% of clove oil to diet; treatment T4 supplementing 0.4% of clove aqueous extract to drinking water, this supplementation of
clove to diet and drinking water was given to broiler daily for 9 hours from 900-1800 hours birds were subjected to cyclic
temp. During which the highest environmental temperature 35°C from 1200-1800 hours. Records were taken during
experiment period 4-8 weeks of age. The relative humidity was 45-50%. The results revealed that there were a significant
increase in live body weight and weight gain in periods 4-8 weeks of age in T1 compared with T3, meanwhile feed
consumption reduced in T1 compared with other treatments while that in T4 was increased compared with other treatments.
Feed efficiency ratio improved in T1 compared with treatment T3. No significant effects in pattern of feed and water
consumption at 6, 8 weeks of age except at 8 week of age since the pattern of feed consumption at 900 hour reduced
significantly in T2 compared with T0. Body temperature decrease at 8 week of age at 900, 1200 hours in T1 compared with
other treatments.T1, T2, T3, T4 reduced significantly at 1500 hour and increase at 1800 hour. Heat shock test at 8 week of age
revealed a reduction in T3 compared with T1 at 26 ◦ C.No significant effects were observed in dressing, liver, gizzard, heart,
spleen, abdominal fat percentage, however thigh protein content at 8 week of age increased significantly in T3 compared with
other treatments. From this study we can conclude that there was some improvement in clove supplementation to diet and
drinking water of broilers exposed to heat stress and that T1 (0.8% clove supplementing to diet) was the best treatments.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of injecting hatching eggs with different concentrations of biotin at
different times on the quality and physiological characteristics of hatched chicks. Six hundred eggs hatching (Arbo Acres)
were divided into five groups (120 eggs for each group). Treatment groups were distributed as follows: To control group
(without injection), T1 injected by 58 µg biotin at age of zero, T2 injected by 68 µg biotin at age of zero, T3 injected by 58 µg
biotin at age of 18 days of incubation and T4 injected by 68 µg biotin at age of 18 days of incubation. The data showed that
biotin injection contain 58 µg at age of zero lead to significantly increase (P<0.05) in body weight of the day-old chicks, length
and width of breast, length of back, length of thigh, relative weight of the bursa of fabricia, spleen and glandular stomach.
Significantly increase (P<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cells count (WBC), concentrations of glucose,
cholesterol, total protein, percentage of lymphocytes and significant decrease (P<0.05) in the percentage of hetrophiles and the
ratio of H/L.

This study for the evaluation safety of uses propolis at (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) concentrations (alone and synergistically with
antibiotic) inside the intramammary the lactation period of the healthy ewes, compared with treated and control groups. The
result of safety test indicated that the uses of propolis as intramammary infusion inside the teat cause some effects that
disappeared later, like elevation of SCC in milk, decrease in milk yield, prolong residue time for propolis, in addition to the
hardness in the consistency of the udder and enlargement the supramammay lymph node when compared with treated and
control groups. Also there is significant difference between groups in milk composition. The second trial was to evaluate the
Pharmacological activity of propolis preparation and synergism preparation and compared it with antibiotic and control groups
in treatment of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis in the udder of ewes, after confirmed the diagnosis of
Staphylococcus aureus strains by Api 20 Staph, one isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was selected based on (its resistance to
10 of 12 antibiotic tested). The infected dose 5 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension was selected to experimentally induced
Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in 25 ewes, After the appearance of infection 18 -72 hours post inoculation of bacterial
suspension of Staphylococcus aureus in the udder by intramammary route in ewes, the ewes treated paraenterally by antibiotic,
antiinflammatory and antipyretic drug and locally in four groups (propolis 1% and 10%) (8 ewes) which appeared very mild
side effects, synergism between propolis and antibiotic (4 ewes), antibiotic (12 ewes) and (1 ewe) as control group. The results
showed systemic cure in all ewes but with differences in the local clinical cure between groups according to the type of
antibiotic and its company production without bacterial cure in all groups , so that make the ewes under the risk of reinfection
under any stress condition

Blood samples and the two adrenals were collected from 96 male calves at slaughtering in Mosul Slaughter-house through
the period from 2/1/2011 – 1/3/2011 at ages ranged from 1-1.5 years. Cortisol level has been estimated in blood serum by
using enzyme linked immuno-sorbant assay (ELISA). Gross and histopathological examination was performed on adrenal
sample. Lesions found were identified, classified their percentage of occurrence within the total collected samples percentages,
unilateral-bilateral occurrence and also correlations between those lesions and cortisol level have been determined. The results
demonstrated presence of multiple lesions at 68.43% of total adrenal samples, those were represented by congenital
deformities included medullary tissue islets within cortex at 4.46% of the total examined samples, loubulated adrenal glands at
1.98%, accessory cortical tissue with capsule 4.95%, and accessory cortical tissue within medulla at 4.95%, also disturbance of
cellular metabolism where noticed represented by cortical vacular degeneration, chromaffine cell vacular degeneration, cortical
cellular cloudy swelling, chromaffine cell cloudy swelling and chromaffine cell coagulative necrosis at ratios 28.71%, 15.84%,
1.49%, 1.98% and 4.95% respectively. Disturbances of cellular adaptation included diffuse cortical hyperplasia, nodular
cortical hyperplasia, diffuse medullary hyperplasia at ratios 11.88%, 2.97% and 3.47% respectively. Circulatory disturbances
appeared as congestion and edema at 26.73%, adrenal hemorrhage at 1.98% and vascular wall thickening at 7.43% in total
examined samples. Acute adrenalitis 2.97%, focal lymphocytic corticoadrenalitis 11.88%, capsular septal thickening at 32.67%
represented the lesions of inflammation and repair in total examined samples. The results did not show an obvious correlation
between blood serum cortisol level elevation and occurrence of adrenal lesions in calves, except accessory corticalm tissue
within capsule , accessory cortical tissue within medulla, accessory medullary tissue within cortex, diffuse cortical hyperplasia
and vascular thickening where the most effective lesions on cortisol level in calves blood serum.

Thirty pigeon were collected to study the most common lesions of respiratory system from 1/12/2010 to 1/3/2011, and
performance the post mortem examination on these pigeons. The study demonstrate presence of respiratory clinical signs
represent by sneezing, rales, respiratory distress, watery or mucoid nasal discharge and other clinical signs such as ruffled
feather, loss of appetite, loss of ability of flying, watery or greenish diarrhea, restlessness, torticollis and mostly death. The
most prominent gross pathological lesions were 43.3% of studied pigeons include congested pharynx, hemorrhage of larynx
and congested of trachea. Petechial hemorrhage with congestion of bronchus and lung. 3.3% show tracheal and bronchus
congestion, petechial hemorrhage on lung and opacity of air sacs with thickening. The prominent histopathological lesions
observed about 26.7 % of lesions characterized by the presence of hemorrhage in mucosa of larynx, vaculler degeneration of
epithelial cells of mucous gland in trachea and sloughing and desquamation of mucosa, hemorrhage in mucosa and congestion
of blood vessels of trachea. In bronchus presence of congestion of blood vessels and hemorrhage inside the bronchi. In the
lung hemorrhage in the interstitial tissue and emphysema, 3.3% of lesions observed hemorrhage and hyperplasia of epithelial
cells of larynx. Vaculler degeneration of epithelial cells of mucous gland in trachea, hemorrhage and thrombosis in bronchi
with inflammatory exudate. In lung sever hemorrhage in the interstitial tissue with thickness of alveolar wall, hemorrhagic air
sacs and thickened. This study conclude presence of sever pathological lesions in the lower respiratory system of pigeons due
to infection with different diseases either bacterial diseases such as air saculitis, infectious coryza, or viral diseases like
infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, Newcastle disease, circoviral infection, or mycoplasmosis and chlamydiosis,
and also may be non infectious causes like increase ammonia level.

This study was conducted to determine the pathological sublethal toxic effects of selenium (sodium selenate) on broiler
chickens. The 24h median lethal dose (LD50) of selenium was 0.72 mg/kg. Two sublethal doses were taken (0.02, 0.04
mg/kg) which constituted (3% and 6%) of the LD50. One hundred fifty one day old Rose broiler chicken were randomly
divided into 3 equal groups, the first group was considered as control group (without treatment). The 2nd and 3rd groups were
treated with natural requirement of selenium (0.3) mg /kg of diet. The 2nd and 3rd groups were treated with 0.02, 0.04 mg
selenium/ kg (3% and 6%) respectively, orally. Eight chickens from each group were killed at 14, 24, 34 and 44 days of
treatment and pathological lesions were recorded. The most important gross pathological changes in liver and kidney were
paleness and petechial hemorrhage, congestion of the brain and heart blood vessels have been observed after 7 days of
treatment in the 3rd group was more severe than that in 2nd group. The histopathological changes in liver were vacular
degeneration of hepatic cells, hemorrhage and central veins congestion. Degeneration; coagulative necrosis of the tubular
epithelial cells and interstitial hemorrhage in the kidney. The histopathological lesions were acute cellular degeneration;
vacculation, hemorrhage and congestion of the brain blood vessels. In the heart there was hemorrhage with congestion and
thickening of the walls of blood vessels. All changes were more severe in the 3rd group when compared with 2nd group.

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and classification of the hepatic lesions of sheep in abattoir of
Kirkuk province in north of Iraq, the pathological lesions of liver was investigated on the sheep slaughtered in slaughter house
during May 2010 depending on the gross and microscopical appearance. The results of this research represent the percentage
of hepatic lesions which are 20.9%, out of 363 sheep that were examined randomly. The lesions that found are frequent and
varied with different percentages. The gross pathologic lesions include parasitic infection in 26.3% percent. While the single
and diffuse abscesses are about 22.3%. The congestions reach about 30.2%. Also enlarged pale liver observed and focal area of
necrosis have been registered 10.5% respectively for each. Microscopically the most lesions that were observed are fibrosis
with infiltration of inflammatory cells (Monocytes) which reach 39.4% percent. Followed by vacuolar degenerations and
congestion of the central vein with sinusoids 34.21% respectively. The hydatid cyst were found reach about 26.31%
percentage. Necrotic foci were recorded with infiltration of inflammatory cells (Monocytes) 25%.The percentage presence of
various liver abscesses 22.36% while the percentage of coagulative necrosis which have been observed was 19.73%. Also the
prevascular cuffing of the central vein reported in this hepatic lesions with proportion reach 15.87%. Fatty change recorded in
10.5% percentage and finally the dilatation of sinusoid observed in 9.21% of lesions. The conclusion of this study confirmed
that sheep which slaughtered in slaughter house of Kirkuk province which clinically looks healthy, had hepatic lesions in a
percentage of 20.9%

This study was conducted to explore the influence of magnetic treated water with different intensities on milk yield and its
components in Holstein cows. This study was executed at the cow farm pertaining to the Department of animal Resources,
College of Agriculture, University of Baghdadduring the period from 2/11/2010 to21/2/2011. Sixteen Holstein dairy cows
(average dailymilk yield 15 kg / cow/ day), aged between3.5to 4.5 years and with an average of initial body weight
between410.5 to 505.67 kg. The cows were randomly divided into 4 equal groups according to their milk yield.The first,
secondand third groups were drinking a magnetic water with 1000, 2000 and 3000 Gauss respectively, whereas. The fourth
group drunk an ordinary water and regarded as control group. The magnetic water – treated groups were superior (P<0.05) in
milk yield as compared with control group, from week 6 until the end of the experiment in particular. The average milk yield
of the experiment groups during week 6 were 233.28, 220.28, 228.51 and 208.14 kg respectively. In week 14, the averaged
milk yield of the three treated groups were 232.4, 223.92, and 232.75 kg respectively in comparison with 189 kg in control
group. The difference among groups in milk components (fat, protein, lactose, solid non – fat) were notsignificant. However,
significant difference in milk fat in treated groups was observed with comparison to the first and second treated groups.

The study was under taken to investigate the effect of some non- genetic factors (sex of calf, year and season of birth and
parity of dam) on birth weight in Sharabi calves. Data from 137 Sharabi calves born in the Department of Nineveh Agricultural
Research - Rashidia Station, during the period from 2005-2011.Analysis of variance indicated that sex of calf, year and season
of birth and parity of dam had significant effected (P≤0.05) on birth weight. The least square mean for birth weight of Sharabi
calves was found to be 22.96 ± 0.798 kg. The effect of calf sex on birth weight was highly significant (P≤0.05) , Male calves
were 1.41 kg. heavier than females at birth. The spring born calves showed significantly highest birth weight (23.89kg.) than
those born in winter season (21.84 kg.). Calves born in late parity dams (fifth parity) were significantly higher weight than
those in early parities. Low repeatability estimate (R= 0.28± 0.01) was reported for birth weight in this herd. This implies that
more records will be required per cow to improve the herd’s future performance.