Complementary Biological System Journal

Postoperative shivering is a common complication that can affect patient comfort and stability. Pethidine and tramadol are widely used to relieve this symptom, but their relative effectiveness and safety remain under investigation. In this randomized trial, 50 patients (aged 25–35 years) with postoperative shivering were divided into two groups: one group receiving intravenous tramadol (n = 25 patients) and one group receiving pethidine (n = 25 patients). Onset of drug action, vital signs, and side effects were systematically assessed. Pethidine had a significantly faster onset of action than tramadol (12.20 ± 0.35 min vs 7.16 ± 0.28 min, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding body temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, or blood pressure (P < 0.05). Side effects, such as dizziness (16% vs. 8%), nausea and vomiting (20% vs. 8%), and nausea alone (48% vs. 20%), were more common and showed a statistically significant increase in the tramadol group. Both drugs were effective in suppressing postoperative tremor, but pethidine demonstrated superior efficacy, a faster onset of action, and a better safety profile. These results confirm pethidine as the recommended choice at an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg.

Dental polymers play a central role in modern dentistry, offering versatility in applications ranging from removable dentures and prosthetic frameworks to implant abutments and bioactive scaffolds. Common materials like PMMA, PEEK, and nylon are valued for their formability, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic properties, while emerging biopolymers including chitosan and alginate offer promising biocompatible alternatives. However, both conventional and bio-based polymers exhibit limitations in terms of chemical stability, mechanical wear, and microbial adhesion. Recent advancements in polymer science have expanded the material palette through innovative biopolymer formulations and advanced surface engineering techniques such as antimicrobial coatings and nanocomposites, introducing novel solutions for improving polymer performance across both synthetic and biological material categories. Clinical and preclinical findings suggest that incorporating drug delivery systems, modifying surface topography, and using biofunctional materials can reduce biofilm formation and enhance osseointegration. Still, persistent issues related to polymer degradation, cytotoxicity, and bonding challenges limit broader clinical adoption. This review explores the current understanding of polymer applications in dentistry, identifies critical limitations, and highlights innovative strategies aimed at improving safety, longevity, and biological functionality in polymer-based dental systems.

Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary domain focused on restoring, repairing, or replacing damaged tissues and organs by harnessing the body’s inherent healing abilities with sophisticated biological and technical techniques. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become fundamental among many stem cell types because to their self-renewal, multipotency, paracrine signaling, and immunomodulatory capabilities. Their therapeutic adaptability has been shown in orthopedic, cardiovascular, neurological, dermatological, and immune-mediated illnesses, underscoring their clinical significance. Nonetheless, obstacles like donor heterogeneity, senescence during in vitro growth, restricted engraftment, and regulatory impediments persist in limiting repeatability and broad clinical use. Recent advancements are enhancing the capabilities of MSCs by using biomaterials, genetic modification, and cell-free methodologies, including MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. An intriguing domain is the interplay between MSCs and bioactive peptides, which can enhance cell adhesion, survival, differentiation, and targeted regenerative outcomes. This brief review outlines the fundamental principles of regenerative medicine, summarizes the unique attributes and therapeutic applications of MSCs, and highlights novel approaches that may overcome current limitations. These improvements collectively position MSCs as essentil catalysts for the next generation of regenerative therapies.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with systemic manifestations, including renal impairment mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and electrolyte imbalance. This study investigated the renoprotective potential of ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and infliximab in rats with acetic acid–induced UC. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats (180–200 g) were divided into five groups (n = 10): control, UC control, UC + ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg, p.o.), UC + prednisolone (4 mg/kg, p.o.), and UC + infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.). UC was induced by rectal instillation of 4% acetic acid, and treatments were administered for 42 days. Serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed, and renal histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin–eosin staining. UC induction caused marked renal dysfunction, reflected by increased urea (+144%), creatinine (+192%), and MDA (+667%) levels, along with significant electrolyte derangements (p < 0.05 vs. control). All treatments significantly reduced oxidative stress, improved renal function, and restored electrolyte balance (p < 0.05 vs. UC control). Infliximab produced the most pronounced effect, reducing MDA by 78% and preserving normal renal histoarchitecture. Ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and infliximab confer renoprotective effects in UC by attenuating oxidative and inflammatory injury and restoring renal homeostasis. Infliximab exhibited superior efficacy, highlighting the central role of TNF-α–mediated inflammation in UC-associated renal damage. These findings provide preclinical evidence supporting biologic therapy for extraintestinal complications of UC.

Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans are the invasive fungi whose diseases are becoming a growing health issue in the global community, particularly in immunocompromised people. The increasing resistance of the conventional antifungals and the shortage of the existing treatment methods require alternative methods. The present review is an evaluation of the antifungal activity of metal-based nanoparticles, including silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and selenium (Se) in relation to the three predominant pathogenic fungi. It also talks about their mode of action, relative efficacy, toxicity and their possible future clinical use. Multimodal effects of metal nanoparticles are reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, membrane destabilization, and enzyme inhibition, and biofilm disruption. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles are very effective against C. albicans particularly in biofilm-associated infections. Copper and titanium dioxide nanoparticles also work against A. fumigatus and selenium nanoparticles have been encouraging against C. neoformans including blood-brain barrier penetration. Toxicity comparison reveals variations, with ZnO and TiO2 demonstrating favorable biocompatibility. Metal nanoparticles can serve as effective alternatives to traditional antifungal agents, particularly for drug-resistant and biofilm-associated infections. Their physicochemical versatility and ability to target various fungal structures favor their potential integration into next-generation antifungal strategies, pending further optimization to ensure safety and regulatory approval.