Khazayin of Economic and Administrative Sciences

The current research aims to demonstrate the role of sustainable human resources management in achieving technological innovation for clean energy, as human resources represent the main element and driver towards achieving technological innovation, preserving the environment and obtaining clean and renewable energy, which is the feature of the era to get rid of or reduce the risk of environmental degradation and how to preserve the environment as it is a multi-faceted perspective that includes the economic aspect, the health aspect and finally the cultural aspect. The research problem included the following question: What is the role of sustainable human resources management in technological innovation for renewable energy? (The General Company for the Distribution of Electricity in the North - Al-Karama Stores Department) was chosen as the field of application and the basic tool for collecting data was distributed, represented by the questionnaire form, where the number reached The distributed questionnaires (60) were fully retrieved. The researchers relied on the statistical software package (SPSS) and the available statistical methods that enable researchers to analyze the data. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the realization of a correlation and a significant impact of sustainable human resources management on technological innovation for renewable energy in the field under study. The availability of research variables within the company under study, as both sustainable human resources and technological innovation obtained very good agreement rates. The research concluded with a set of recommendations that are consistent with the conclusions reached by the researchers. Among the most important proposals that were reached is the need to increase the company’s interest in making more effort to ensure the sustainability of its human resources, and to define a set of policies and procedures to enhance environmental performance.

The research aims to know the role of disclosing integrated reporting information in the value of the company and its reflection on investors’ decisions because of its importance to the economy and the future of companies and stakeholders because it helps in making appropriate investment decisions for all parties. The research dealt with a sample of (10) Iraqi banks listed in the Iraqi market. Securities: For the period extending from (2014 – 2023) the research relied on the descriptive analytical approach to reach the results of the study. Financial reporting information was measured by adopting an index that includes 45 items according to eight groups, and the company’s value was measured through the Tobins model, while investors’ decisions were measured through the earnings per share multiplierس index. (PER) Some statistical methods were used, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the highest and lowest value, through the use of the statistical program( SPSS Ver.22) program(AMOS). The research reached several results that there is a significant effect of disclosing integrated reporting information on the value of the company. There is a significant effect of disclosing integrated reporting information on the company’s investment decisions, in addition to the presence of a positive effect of the company’s value on investors’ decisions, and the impact of disclosing integrated reporting information on decisions increases. Investment when averaging the value of the company, The most important recommendations Iraqi companies must develop their reporting and disclose their information in a sustainable manner, balancing their financial and non-financial data (especially social and environmental contributions and government commitments) to achieve profits and ensure continuity and future growth.

This research aims to clarify the implications of climate change on transnational migration patterns and propose a comprehensive framework to mitigate these issues. To achieve this goal, a deductive approach was used, and a detailed analysis of specific data and statistics was conducted, revealing the effects of climate change on international migration and its associated economic consequences. The research culminated in several important conclusions, including that climate change is linked to an increase in the number of migrants, exacerbates food security risks, exacerbates conflicts and refugee groups, and presents new challenges related to economic stability, sustainability, human rights, and global solidarity. In response to these insights, the research proposed a strategic scenario that includes various procedures and measures, particularly the establishment of Arab carbon markets aimed at improving the use of emissions and facilitating their trading to promote comprehensive development, along with the transition to a green economy. An institutional framework was developed that calls for the implementation of economic zones dedicated to renewable energy technologies as a strategic economic policy in line with most of the Sustainable Development Goals.

The main objective of the research is to identify the size of the economic effects of the tax an important percentage of the gross domestic product. In addition, the tax is of great importance and its role and importance in economic development and to make the tax constitute to most countries of the world, and an important source of income, as it works to increase the revenues of the public treasury, through the government authority collecting tax revenues to finance social projects. The research provided a review and clarification of the theoretical and intellectual framework of the study variables. This problem lies in the fact that Iraq suffers from the inefficiency of the tax administration in responding to economic and social changes, which led to a decrease in tax revenues, which negatively affected economic growth. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study hypothesis was formulated, which is, There is a significant correlation between taxes and economic growth. One of the most important conclusions reached by the research, through the standard application of the research, is that there is a long-term direct relationship between the independent variable (taxes) and the dependent variable (economic growth). Among the recommendations recommended by the researcher is increasing awareness among citizens and defining the importance of taxes and their role in increasing economic development.

The study aims to analyze the trajectory of macroeconomic variables and their impact on the real money demand in Iraq over the period (2004–2023), utilizing modern econometric models, specifically the Conditional Error Correction Model (CEC). The study adopted an analytical inductive methodology for the data of macroeconomic variables, including real GDP, public expenditure, inflation, exchange rate, interest rates, and money velocity, converting annual data into quarterly data to ensure precision in economic measurement.
The results indicate that real GDP grew at a compound rate of 3.6%, contributing to a 5.8% increase in real money demand, positioning it as a key economic driver in Iraq. The estimated model shows a positive long-term response of money demand by 0.26%. Public expenditure rose at a 7.7% compound rate, with a short-term positive impact of 0.20% on money demand. Inflation had a negative short-term effect of -0.42%, while the exchange rate positively impacted by 0.71%. Money velocity declined from 4.3 to 1.8 times, reflecting increased money hoarding as a precautionary measure. Interest rates showed a weak, statistically insignificant effect of 0.02%. The model confirmed a long-term relationship between the variables and real money demand via the bounds test, with a high adjustment speed of 129%, indicating economic volatility and shocks faced by Iraq. Thus, enhancing non-oil real economic growth and improving public expenditure efficiency are essential to support sustainable money demand in Iraq

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل العلاقة بين الثقافة الرقمية وسلوك إخفاء المعرفة لدى مستخدمي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، من خلال فحص تأثير أربعة أبعاد رئيسية للثقافة الرقمية: (الوصول إلى المعرفة والمحتوى الرقمي، الخصوصية والأمن الرقمي، التفاعل والمشاركة الاجتماعية، مراقبة المحتوى والرقابة الرقمية). تم اعتماد المنهج الكمي باستخدام أداة الاستبيان التي وُزّعت على عينة عشوائية مكونة من (293) مشاركًا من مستخدمي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في الموصل. أظهرت نتائج تحليل الانحدار البسيط وجود تأثيرات إيجابية ذات دلالة إحصائية لجميع أبعاد الثقافة الرقمية على سلوك إخفاء المعرفة، وكانت الخصوصية والأمن الرقمي، ومراقبة المحتوى أكثر الأبعاد تأثيرًا، في حين كان تأثير الوصول إلى المعرفة والتفاعل الاجتماعي أقل نسبيًا. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة توعية المستخدمين بحقوقهم الرقمية، وتعزيز بيئات التواصل الاجتماعي الآمنة التي تضمن حرية التعبير وتحد من ممارسات الرقابة الذاتية.

This study aims to explore the impact of digital citizenship on the use of environmentally friendly technologies within educational institutions. Specifically, it analyzes the relationship between the level of digital citizenship and the tendencies of educational staff toward integrating green solutions into their professional environment. The descriptive-analytical methodology was adopted as the most appropriate approach for this study. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 196 participants working in educational institutions affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Nineveh. The sample included teachers, administrators, and educational supervisors who are actively engaged with digital technologies in their institutions. The research instrument consisted of a structured questionnaire comprising two main sections. The first section addressed digital citizenship through 15 items assessing individuals’ responsible and ethical digital behavior. The second section focused on the use of environmentally friendly technologies, encompassing four core dimensions: awareness of the importance of green technologies, readiness to use them, orientation toward practical application, and influence on organizational decision-making. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, employing descriptive statistics and simple linear regression to test the study’s hypotheses.
The findings revealed a clear positive impact of digital citizenship on both environmental awareness and individuals’ readiness to use green technologies. Participants with high digital citizenship levels demonstrated a greater understanding of the benefits of sustainable technologies and a stronger willingness to engage with them. However, the study also found that the transition from awareness to actual application was less pronounced, suggesting the presence of institutional and administrative barriers that hinder the practical implementation of environmental solutions. Furthermore, the influence of digital citizenship on organizational decision-making appeared to be weak, indicating that decision-making processes within educational institutions are shaped more by structural and policy-related factors than by individual digital behaviors. Based on these results, the study recommends strengthening digital citizenship practices within the educational sector through targeted training programs, providing supportive environments for the use of eco-friendly technologies, and developing participatory institutional strategies that enable staff to contribute actively to the digital-environmental transformation of their institutions.

The research aimed to know how the institutions’ administrations can enhance the strategies of the model (Krasikova et al, 2013: 201) through the enablers of black management in the institution under study. The research sample included (61) employees in the Salah al-Din Municipalities Directorates; The research relied on the descriptive approach, using a package of statistical tools in the analysis, represented by (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, simple linear correlation (Pearson), and multiple linear regression) that suit the nature of the data collected through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that there is a significant influence relationship between the enablers of black management and the strategies of the model (Krasikova et al, 2013: 201)) at the macro level, which means that the administrations of the municipal departments in Salah al-Din, the subject of the research, were not successful in developing detailed work plans, and perhaps unclear to the working individuals, which led to their being misled. At the same time, they may not have allowed them to participate in developing those plans, which represents a kind of corruption, administrative deviation, and a departure from the ethical regulations of the profession. The research reached a set of proposals, the most important of which was giving importance to the enablers of black management, represented by (work plans, independence of administrative decision, obstructive pressure groups), because each of them is a pillar that the institution can Invest it in her favor and achieve success.

The foods that the baby receives during early life impact on the health and physical growth of the newborn. This study aims to employ statistical methods such as quantile regression (QR) to examine the effect of breast milk (BF) versus formula feeding (FF) and mixed feeding (MF) on infant growth outcomes, especially weight and height. We used 207 infants of 48 months in Sulaimani City with general information about their parents as sample data, and the mode of delivery is between 38 and 40 weeks, classified by gender and feeding types. Growth metrics were measured against the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for children from 0 to 48 months. The QR revealed that BF supports steady and balanced growth across percentiles, with minimal gender-based differences. FF and MF were associated with increased growth outcomes at certain ages but demonstrated greater variability, particularly among female infants. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) indicated a significant link between Caesarean delivery and a reduced likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding, and no associations were found between parental information and choosing feedings. The body mass index (BMI) for infants compared to WHO-BMI Z-scores is normal and healthy growth, which suggests that the infants across different ages and feeding types are in normal growth, except for the FF boys at 15 months being above the median and in +1 SD, which suggests an overweight risk. These findings emphasize the nutritional and developmental advantages of BF and highlight the importance of encouraging breastfeeding practices through evidence-based health policies.

This research aims to clarify the relationship between e-governance and the sustainable development environment, focusing on the extent of contribution and impact that e-governance has in supporting sustainable development. The Badoush Cement Plant in Mosul was selected as the field for the practical side of the research. A questionnaire form was used as the main tool for data collection from the research sample. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the dimensions of sustainable development are consistent with the areas of e-governance, as the requirements of sustainable development can be implemented through e-governance in all fields. Accordingly, the research presented a set of proposals that contribute to achieving sustainable development by identifying the most important means and tools to employ e-governance as a mechanism for realizing sustainability goals. E-governance is considered a vital and multi-dimensional topic in supporting the sustainable development environment. Its role revolves around the use of technology and digital tools to enhance transparency, strengthen public participation, enable the collection and analysis of environmental data, facilitate communication and cooperation among stakeholders, and monitor and evaluate the implementation of sustainable policies and projects. E-governance enhances transparency and participation by providing digital platforms that allow the exchange of information and involvement in decision-making related to sustainable development. Technology can also be used to improve communication and education on sustainability issues, through awareness campaigns launched online and by providing digital educational resources to the public. Moreover, e-governance contributes to collecting and analyzing environmental data and using it in decision-making that supports sustainability. The continuous monitoring and aggregation of environmental data allows for trend analysis and provides essential information for better sustainable decisions. Additionally, e-governance facilitates communication and collaboration among stakeholders involved in achieving sustainable development. Technology can be employed to ease communication and information exchange between governments, organizations, and individuals, thereby achieving better coordination in project implementation and in realizing sustainable development goals.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Bayesian modeling in analyzing large-scale medical data by employing the Bayesian logistic regression model and comparing its results with those of the classical logistic regression model. The research relied on a dataset of 50,000 public health records containing demographic and medical information of patients, including those suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The dependent variable (Y) represented the presence or absence of a chronic disease, while the independent variables included age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and blood sugar.
The results revealed that the Bayesian model achieved a classification accuracy of 86.7%, compared to 63.2% for the classical model. Furthermore, the Bayesian model recorded a higher AUC value (0.91) versus 0.87 for the classical approach, highlighting the superiority of Bayesian inference in handling large datasets and expressing uncertainty through probability distributions. These findings emphasize that Bayesian modeling offers a more flexible and accurate statistical framework compared to traditional methods, making it an effective tool in supporting future medical decision-making.

The study aims to identify the impact of critical success factors in technology incubators.The research adopted a descriptive–inferential approach by conducting interviews with incubator managers and distributing questionnaires to employees within incubators at Iraqi universities, which represented the study population. The hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis and structural modeling. Upon testing the relational hypotheses, the study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a strong and significant relationship between critical success factors and their dimensions in technology incubators, as well as a direct impact of these critical success factors on technology incubators.

This study presents four methods for the purpose of adjusting the estimation ranks of the Kaplan-Meier survival function, wconsidered alternative non-parametric estimates of the grouped censored data, thus obtaining estimates that are the rank-adjusted estimator , the Smoothing survival curves estimator, the Smith-Waterman estimator and the histogram estimator, in the applied aspect a simulation system is designed for the purpose of generating controlled aggregated data of three sizes (50 , 80, 100) for the purpose of calculating the estimate of the survival function for three sample sizes and comparing with the Kaplan-Meyer estimate, which serves as a reference model, and then calculating performance measures where it was found that the graph estimator comes first for all sample sizes followed by the Smoothing survival curves estimator by increasing the sample size

This study aims to analyze the role of development policies in alleviating poverty in Malaysia during the period (2004–2022) by monitoring and evaluating a set of relevant economic and social indicators. The study employed the inductive method the descriptive-analytical approach to interpret the relationship between governmental development policy orientations and changes in poverty rates.
The findings reveal that Malaysia has achieved a significant reduction in poverty levels and a decrease in the Gini coefficient—an indicator of income inequality through the adoption of integrated development policies in the fields of education, healthcare, infrastructure, and financial inclusion. Moreover, policies targeting vulnerable groups and financial inclusion programs have contributed to enhancing social justice and achieving sustainable development.
The study recommends adopting comprehensive development strategies that emphasize equitable resource distribution and equal opportunity

The study aimed to measure the correlational and causal relationship between the independent variable—organizational intelligence—with its dimensions: willingness to change, strategic vision, harmony and alignment, shared destiny, knowledge dissemination, contribution, and work pressure; and the dependent variable—organizational inertia—represented by three dimensions: insight inertia, psychological inertia, and action inertia, within the Nineveh Health Directorate. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to present theoretical and conceptual ideas and to process, analyze, and interpret the data. The research field was defined as the Nineveh Health Directorate, with the study population consisting of all employees working within it. A random sample of these employees was selected for the study. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the 235 participants. The study employed various statistical methods to analyze and process the data, aiming to understand participants' views on the questionnaire items. These methods included frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means, and standard deviations. Based on the analysis, the study reached several findings, the most significant being that organizational intelligence is inversely correlated with organizational inertia. This means that possessing dimensions of organizational intelligence within the researched field contributes to reducing organizational inertia