journal of kufa studies center

A problem for a specialist in the Arabic language and its literature often appears that there is a discrepancy between the Qur'anic text and the interpretive text, especially in controversial issues, which necessitated the need to investigate this problem, since knowledge of the secrets of the Arabic language and the knowledge of its literature is the first rule in understanding eloquent texts, as evidenced by the fact that understanding the Arabic language and its Sunnah is one of the priorities of the mechanisms of interpretation and interpretation.
Since the issue of the female and male is one of the controversial issues that extend in the depth of the past life, and in the contemplation of future foresights, the research chose the topic (Male and Female between the Qur'anic Text and the Interpretive Text – An Analytical and Critical Study) in order to focus the spotlight on concepts and meanings without being preoccupied with the aesthetics of words, structures or methods. The goal is to indicate the context of the verses that deal with males and females.
Al-Razi was chosen as an example because of the encyclopedia of his interpretation that makes the interpreter in a broad range of matters, and it is not excused if he is summarized in a field where redundancy is needed. Also, because the era in which Al-Razi (d. 606 AH) was one of the golden cultural ages, where there was openness to the world, and where interpretive methods and the like developed towards advanced sciences.
In light of this, the research was divided into three topics, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion in which we summarized the results of the research. The first topic was entitled (Context and its importance in the interpretation of the Qur'an), while the second topic was: (Women between deification and attenuation in the Qur'anic context and the interpretive text), and the third topic was: (Equality between males and females in the Qur'anic context and the interpretive text). Keys to the Unseen) by Al-Razi, to be the balanced interpretive text in the study, followed by the most important interpretations and linguistic and rhetorical studies of the past and the modern that deal with the Qur'anic text in general, as well as studies concerned with women, so the sources of the study varied and were colored by different sciences.

The study aims to explain the impact of the incident of the absence of the Twelfth Imam of the Shiites on the scientific legacy of the Imami Shiite scholars in Iraq, as this scientific and intellectual achievement was one of the main axes and drivers of many events witnessed by the Imami Shiite sect, as well as the results and effects it brought on the intellectual development of the Imami school of thought and its presentation as a project on the scientific and sectarian arena, in light of an atmosphere fraught with sectarian conflicts, political opposition and sectarian differentiation during the era between the occultation of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) and the end of the era The Buyids.
The study shed light on the scientific activity of the Imami Shiite scholars, whose fields and knowledge arts are multifaceted, so the research dealt with a group of legends of the Imamiyya scholars to show the importance of their scientific movement and knowledge achievement in an era that witnessed the flourishing of the intellectual and cultural movement of Islamic sects.
The study reached a set of research conclusions that show the impact of the scientific achievement of the Imami Shiite scholars on the historical period under study, which resulted from the aftermath of the incident of the occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (a.s.) in the year (260 AH) in the results and separation of the Shiite sect, and the opposing reality experienced by the Imami Shiites during the Abbasid rule, prompted the Imami scholars to assume their responsibilities in facing the challenges and preserving the existence of the Imami school.

This research revolves around the authenticity of the news that a person tells the trust in any of the external topics, whether it is related to a certain legal ruling, or an order that has its own inputs in the completion of the assignment on the taxpayer, and this is related to the search for the authenticity of the narrator's documentation of the narrators and the authority of telling linguists about the meanings of words.
The research focuses on the scientific and hadith effort of Mr. Mohieddin Al-Gharaifi in his book (Rules of Hadith) by explaining his discussions, opinions and conclusions about the authenticity of the news of trust in the subject and the justice of the narrator and the extent to which it is related to the recommendation of the narrator and the validity of taking the sayings of the people of the language or not.
The book of the rules of hadith is one of the important scientific products of the Najaf Scientific School in the fourteenth century AH, and its author, Sayyid Muhyiddin al-Gharifi, is one of the most prominent students of Sayyid al-Khoei in jurisprudence and usul, and he even has many discussions with his teacher in this book.
Mr. Al-Gharifi devoted a special research in his book called "Conversations of Trusts in Topics", in which he researched the authenticity of the news of trust in the subject, and there were many scientific materials related to his research on the authenticity of the news of trust, which the research worked on compiling, classifying and adding the opinions of scientists in order to produce a complete and integrated research on the scientific material.

Iraq is facing many political problems, crises and dangers that contribute to the emergence of challenges and divisions that stand in the way of building a democratic state.
The transfer of political power from one regime to another could exacerbate conflicts that threaten national unity. The external role is an influential factor in fueling the state of divisions between the Iraqi social components, which exposes the cohesion of the Iraqi people to several dangers. Therefore, it is necessary to build modern foundations for the establishment of the state according to solid pillars and fixed criteria for the success of the experiment and the development of the political reality in Iraq.

The book (The Way of Righteousness to Know the Imamate) by Imam Abi Hashim (d. after 787 AH) is one of the important books that dealt with the subject of the Imamate in the eighth century AH with a brief presentation, significant evidence, and an interesting, smooth and simplified style, and we relied on this copy preserved in the library of King Saud University with the number (216/9/AH), which is a good copy, its handwriting is good, its words are clear, and its copies are regular, and not problematic, and there is no blurring or damage. The number of its leaves is (36) of pieces (21×The average number of lines per page ranges between (22-23) lines, and the average number of words per line is between (7-10) words. We have adhered to the scientific and academic methodology used in the realization of heritage books, and our work is summarized as follows:
1. It has been proven on the cover page that its author is Imam Abu Hashim, who was alive in 787 AH, and we found another missing copy in the Institute of Arabic Manuscripts attributed to Sheikh Abu Hashim al-Mu'tazili, who died in 321 AH, and we proved that this attribution is not correct.
2. Carefully read the manuscript and match the news and events contained in it with the sources of the Islamic heritage as much as possible.
3. Following modern spelling rules and punctuation in writing the verified text
4. Correcting linguistic errors in the body and pointing them out in the margin.
5. Correcting words in which there is a Qur'an or distortion in the body and referring to them in the margin.
6. Writing the Quranic verses that are mentioned in the verified text in the script of the Qur'an and graduating them with reference to the Holy Qur'an
7. Graduation of the Prophet's hadiths from the books of Sahih and Hadith.
8. Matching the sayings with reference to their reading in the books of heritage.
9. The percentage of poetic verses that are mentioned in the verified text to their authors by referring to the poets' collections and literature books.
10. There are poetic verses that have not been attributed to any of the poets in all eras of literature, and we believe that they belong to the author.
11. Introducing the unknown scholars and narrators mentioned in the verified text by referring to the books of translations and classes.

The study of international relations in general and tourism in particular is one of the thorny topics of the various interventions and circumstances between countries, especially Iran's relationship with the state of Algeria because of its distance from that country, so this research was chosen to prove that there is a relationship between Iran and that country, as well as the absence of academic journals for such a subject, and the research hypothesis is based on the fact that Iran has established political relations with Algeria in order to resist the danger of the communist tide in addition to the common interests of the two countries.

The unified judicial system (or the system of unity of justice and law) can be considered the origin of the judicial system, and it is the oldest system in existence, and there are many countries that work on it, which are the Anglo-Saxon countries, and therefore it is known as the Anglo-Saxon system because of the efforts made by the Anglo-Saxon jurists and the crystallization of legal, logical, political and practical ideas, hypotheses and justifications to root and establish the unified judicial system, this system is based on granting the mandate to the ordinary judiciary in the eyes of all types of disputes. Whether those in which the administration is not a party as a public authority, or other disputes, and therefore there is no administrative judiciary specialized in considering and resolving disputes of an administrative nature, and it was said that there are no distinct legal rules that are different from those that govern the actions of individuals.

Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Kashif Al-Ghita contributed to the regenerative reform project during the first half of the twentieth century, and represented an extension of the pioneers of the Renaissance at the end of the nineteenth century AD with his proposals and ideas that fall within the scope of religious reform or the religious reformist school, as he responded to the requirements of the era and its dangerous changes, one of the most important factors of which was the penetration of European colonialism militarily, economically and culturally. The one who constituted a violent shock that prompted intellectuals, writers and clerics to confront this imminent danger, and dismantle his cultural power aimed at spreading Western culture and new civilizational values that may not be compatible with Islamic and Arab values, was the cover of those who were provoked by Western ideas and culture supported by scientific, industrial and technical power, to exercise an enlightening and intellectual role to stand against Western influences, which he saw as a dangerous attempt to attack Islam, Muslims, their values and culture and seize their countries.

The Arab press is one of the most prominent sources of research for the features of the formation of Arab thought at the beginning of the twentieth century, as it represented one of the tributaries of the formation and development of Arab thought, and it had the first role and great influence on Arab public opinion, through which the Arab elite was informed about the social and political movement and the global scientific developments and discoveries, in addition to the new movement of authorship and publishing, as various researches and studies came out to the Arab public opinion from the window of the press first. The press in Arab societies created a cultural and intellectual movement that developed little by little over time and discussed various issues that occupied Arab societies, perhaps the most prominent of which was the obsession with the feeling of backwardness compared to the progress of the West seeking to colonize the East, and from this point of view, the importance of journalism in historical studies appears, so our study (Al-Muqtatib Magazine 1906-1909 is a historical study), came to shed light on the features of the development of Arab thought at the beginning of the twentieth century through the magazine Al-Muqtaqtab issued by Muhammad Kurd Ali in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. It was considered to be the beating heart of the Arab in culture and intellect compared to other Arab countries that were suffering under the yoke of Ottoman backwardness at that time.

Sovereign wealth funds play an important role in macroeconomic management and global financial stability, as the operations of sovereign wealth funds are closely linked to public finances (through their financing of the public budget and the rules for withdrawals from it), monetary policy (liquidity conditions), and external accounts (exchange rate differences), and this study focuses on the role of sovereign funds in covering the budget deficit in times of low oil prices. In addition to its role in absorbing oil surpluses in times of rise and preventing the expansion of public spending.

The main purpose of this research is to study the role of organizational improvisation in achieving the effectiveness of work teams in a sample of private banks in Najaf, and the study has tried to answer a number of questions, the most important of which is the degree of the practice of organizational improvisation in the banks of the research sample in Najaf and its impact on the effectiveness of the work teams, and to determine the extent of the relationship and impact of the adoption of organizational improvisation in achieving the effectiveness of work teams in private banks in Najaf. Two main hypotheses were tested, each with five subhypotheses. The research was applied to a sample of (31) managers and employees of private banks in Najaf, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The most important findings of the research are the need to strengthen the practices of planned and organized improvisation in the banks of the research sample, especially with the rapid changes and the need to seize opportunities that can be affected by these changes.
While the study recommended that the management of private banks in Najaf Ashraf should adopt a strategy that can contribute to enhancing the practices of improvised work with its adaptation and innovation to reach the highest levels of efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of the employees in the banks in the research sample.

The agricultural sector is considered one of the basic sectors in providing food security after providing supplies and support to increase production and cover the volume of consumption, and the need to provide and provide adequate support to the agricultural sector in all its aspects and reduce the size of unemployment, as well as eliminating the migration of farmers to the cities, and the agricultural GDP contributes poorly to the GDP, which has become a burden due to the dependence of the agricultural sector on oil revenues in the import of ready-to-consume materials, and that the rentier state depends on the oil sector, which has become a burden The study aims to measure the causal relationship between the underdevelopment of the agricultural sector and the increase in oil revenues using the statistical program 9 EViews to measure the impact of agricultural and oil exports on the growth of agricultural GDP as well as the percentage of the contribution of the oil and agriculture sectors on the GDP and to indicate the extent of the impact of each of them for the period (1990-2016). In the agricultural sector in Iraq, allowing foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector, attracting local investment projects, and introducing modern technology in a large way in all joints of the agricultural sector, a mechanism has been developed by the competent ministries, especially the Ministry of Oil and the Ministry of Transport, to provide support to facilitate the transportation of agricultural products from their places of production to the wholesale markets and to provide the necessary support in fuel prices.

During the period from 10/6/2014 onwards, Iraq witnessed a large and massive wave of forced displacement, and this wave occurred due to the entry of ISIS terrorist gangs into the provinces of Mosul, Salah al-Din, parts of Diyala, Kirkuk and Anbar. Providing their necessary and different needs and providing what can be provided in terms of assistance and financial grants, as well as coordinating with all governmental and non-governmental efforts on the one hand and with international and non-international organizations on the other hand, in order to control and manage this wave of displacement that exceeded all expectations, and that the worsening of the poor conditions of the displaced and displaced persons and their continued suffering, prompted the religious authority to criticize the poor performance provided to the displaced people and the exacerbation of their crisis and the increase in waves of mass displacement. This came during the Friday sermon.

The city of Fustat was established in the year (21 AH / 641 AD) after the Muslim Arabs completed the exclusion of the Romans from Egypt, and annexed it to the state of Islam, and the city of Fustat and some of the cities, especially Basra and Kufa, have common ties, the most important of which is that its establishment was the result of the Islamic conquests, and therefore military factors played a prominent role in choosing it to be like other fortresses as a base in which the Arabs and their families always reside, and from which temporary campaigns are launched to the areas that require their dispatch. It must be a center for the governors to manage the affairs of Egypt and the countries conquered by these fighters, and it must be organized by the general directions set by the Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab (23-13 AH / 634-643 AD).

The entire planet has become a village, and as a result the smallest planning unit should be planned as a business model for the wider world, and in order to create the most livable residential neighborhood we must take a bottom-up approach and focus first on the residential neighborhood and adopt a wiser method of development that respects the historical function, the systematic relationship between urban forms and social processes, reducing urban sprawl that drains agricultural land, weakens social capital and reduces social bonds.

The study of the relationship between the development of cities in terms of environment and health, and the sectors of infrastructure services is of particular importance for city planners, and in order to improve the health of the city's environment, sewage networks and treatment plants for this water should be provided before dumping it into water or land.

In light of this, and in order to achieve victory in their battles, they allowed themselves to use whatever they wanted from the methods and means of fighting that they had developed over the years to crush and abuse the enemies. The philosophy of law is based on its attempt to reconcile the axis of the law, and to establish a balance between two opposing interests and two opposing ideas, the first of which is the idea of humanity represented by mercy and compassion and the call for peace, restricting the behavior of the belligerents and stopping the parties to the conflict from everything that is unnecessary. The second is the idea of necessity represented by the use of force, violence, and persistence in destruction in order to crush the enemies and defeat them.

It is no secret that Allah Almighty has prescribed for us a righteous religion, and He has made clear in His Holy Book what is lawful for us of the good things and what He has forbidden to us, and He has commanded us to do what will elevate us in this world and the Hereafter and achieve complete happiness for us, and He forbade us from all that leads us into misery in this world and the Hereafter. It was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) that he said: "What is permissible and what is forbidden between them is doubtful matters that many people do not know, so whoever fears suspicions has disowned his religion and his offering, and whoever falls into doubts falls into the haraam, like a shepherd around a fever that is about to fall into it, i.e., every king has a fever and Allaah has his haraam."

The current research tests the role of the elements of strategic improvisation represented by (entrepreneurial orientation, talent management) in promoting the organizational culture represented by its dimensions (teamwork and team spirit, creativity and innovation, cooperation) among a sample of the employees of the Presidency of the University of Kufa, where a sample of (112) affiliates distributed over different departments and divisions was selected. After collecting data using the questionnaire, the research used the SMART PLS software to test the relationship and effect between the two variables.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that all the correlation relationships were positive between the research variables (the elements of strategic improvisation and organizational culture), and this indicates the interest of the researched university in the elements of strategic improvisation, represented by (entrepreneurial orientation and talent management) to enhance the organizational culture, which in turn reflects its ability to achieve its goals for growth and survival, and in light of this, a set of recommendations was formulated, the most important of which was the need to provide a work environment that stimulates the spirit of creativity and innovation through Motivating talented and creative people, honoring them, and praising their innovations, and this is part of the university's culture.

Because of the importance of the parliamentary system, we find that it is the most common in the contemporary world, as the people do not exercise power themselves, but their role is limited to choosing deputies who practice their government in their name, so we find that the 2005 constitution adopted it as it stated that the Republic of Iraq is one independent federal state with full sovereignty, the system of government in which the system of government is a democratic parliamentary republic, and this constitution guarantees the unity of Iraq.