magazine aldhakwat albedh

More than one critic has proposed refining the science of prosody by deleting some terms that burden this science. These terms are repetitive or far removed from this science, which has led to students› reluctance to study this subject. In previous research, we have presented proposals to delete some of these terms, which do not benefit this science, but rather.
Today, we examine another group of terms specific to this science and related to meters and rhymes. Critics have burdened the rhyme with more than it can bear, and have branched out into its types, movements, and names, making it complex. Here, we have presented what we believe will facilitate the study of rhyme with some ease and convenience.
We also examined meters and proposed deleting some of them, citing the similarities we found between poetic meters, or the fact that they did not occupy sufficient space in ancient and modern Arabic poetry. And God knows best.

Young people, especially adolescents, go through a number of hormonal and developmental changes during their adolescence, and consequently changes in the crystallization of their personalities. These changes can make them exhausted and confused, which often leads them to resort to practicing incorrect behaviors such as drug abuse, thinking that it is a means of assistance, but it includes long-term health consequences that may be permanent even after quitting. There are some causes that push young people to such behavior, including the ability to adapt, feeling satisfied, experimenting, competing, attracting attention, etc. In this research, the most important variables that affect young people›s drug abuse were identified, and statistical analysis was conducted to determine their importance by applying the factor analysis method.

Islamic rituals are the most significant topics in Islamic jurisprudence due to their essential role in the life of the Muslim community, both individually and socially. Hence, jurists have given considerable attention to explaining their concepts, conditions, and applications in various branches of Islamic law. The matter of rituals is not left to individual discretion; rather, it is strictly defined by Islamic law with numerous restrictions and conditions that cannot be transgressed. The researcher has clarified the concept of “ritual” both linguistically and technically, outlining the necessary conditions and highlighting their most important effects. This approach stems from the principle that proper judgment of something requires a thorough understanding of its nature and limits. Notably, the research is based on tracking and analyzing texts from “Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya,” illustrating the references and insights it provides regarding the nature of rituals and their examples. Particular attention is given to its indications of their philosophy and certain faith-based, legislative, and educational characteristics. Imam Ali ibn Al-Husayn Zain al-Abidin (peace be upon him) employed these rituals to educate the community about authentic reality in the face of the intellectual and political deviations that had spread within the Islamic body, such as the proliferation of innovations, superstitions, falsehoods, and the neglect of original legislations and obligations.

The Qur›anic text is a linguistic resource rich in rhetorical miracles, in all its vocabulary and grammatical structures, linked to a context consistent with the intended meaning. Therefore, it is imperative for us to contemplate the Qur›anic texts and their grammatical orientation to arrive at a precise understanding of the rational and contextual clues before the mind wanders to a meaning other than the intended one. It is noteworthy that the connection between the terms initiative and mental diversion and their semantic connotations is in direct contact with the recipient according to the linguistic use of words. Therefore, this research sought to establish a grammatical semantic connection between the two terms. To understand the Qur’anic context and clarify the scientific, interpretive, and rhetorical benefits of the meanings that come to mind and those that are not, using grammatical or contextual data, and the effect of the two phenomena in directing the meaning of any wise remembrance.

Historical imagination in novels is a literary technique that blends historical facts with creative fiction to reconstruct the past. Writers rely on meticulous historical research to create fictional worlds that closely resemble historical reality, while adding imagined characters and events. This genre aims to bring specific historical periods to life and allow readers to experience the past firsthand. Novelists face the challenge of balancing historical accuracy with creative freedom, neither compromising essential facts nor restricting their imagination. Through this approach, novels become a means of understanding and reinterpreting history from a human perspective. Historical fiction helps fill the gaps left by official historical sources. It also gives writers the opportunity to explore the motivations of historical figures and add human dimension to major events. Ultimately, historical imagination creates a bridge between past and present, making history more vivid and accessible to contemporary readers.

Every nation has a civilization and heritage, which the children inherited from their ancestors, and through it comes the advancement of the nation, and by knowing that heritage and presenting it to the world. The Arabs before Islam had a civilization, one of the most wonderful civilizations in the world and the best compared to other civilizations, and after Islam came, the righteous predecessors left us a legacy. Among this heritage is the noble hadith, which was taken by the Companions, may God bless him and grant him peace, on the authority of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the Followers took it, on the authority of the Companions, and there was a series of narrators who took some of them from others, so we had this honorable knowledge, which is considered the second source of Islamic law.
In a previous study, I discussed the life of the author and the study of the manuscript in detail, and for that reason I refer the honorable reader to it in order to become acquainted with its vocabulary, as I will begin directly by investigating the translation of Uwais al-Qarni and others who were mentioned in the entire manuscript. I will limit myself to thirteen translations, which is a brief translation for each character.

This research examines the potential of using plastic in the design of contemporary home accessories that combine aesthetic and practical functions. It highlights the physical and aesthetic properties of plastic, such as its light weight, ease of shaping, and color variety, making it a suitable material for designing complementary decorative elements such as lighting, storage containers, small furniture pieces, and home accessories.
The research focuses on the environmental aspect by exploring ways to use recycled plastic in design, which contributes to reducing plastic waste and enhancing sustainability. The research also examines some applied models of local and international designs that have used plastic in innovative ways, with an analysis of adopted design methods such as thermoforming, 3D printing, and laser cutting.
In conclusion, the research recommends raising awareness of the importance of reusing plastic in the design field and calls for collaboration between designers and manufacturers to achieve the production of innovative and environmentally friendly home accessories without compromising quality or visual aesthetic

This study explores the concept of intentionality in Arabic rhetoric from both linguistic and rhetorical perspectives, tracing its etymological roots and evolving implications. Originally denoting direction and will, intentionality in rhetorical usage transcends surface meaning to encompass deeper layers inferred from context and stylistic devices. The research emphasizes that language, as shaped by intent, functions not only as a vehicle for expression but as a socially enacted event. It highlights the dynamic interaction between speaker and listener, where understanding depends on recognizing both cognitive background and contextual clues. The study examines how intentionality operates through rhetorical mechanisms such as omission and mention, fronting and postponing, definiteness and indefiniteness, simile, metaphor, and metonymy, demonstrating how the listener’s awareness of the speaker’s intent enriches textual interpretation and rhetorical appreciation.

Jurisdiction, in general, is the legal authority granted to a specific employee or a specific administrative body to issue an administrative decision, expressing the will of the administration. This authorization is determined by law or by its general principles, in the event that the law—in its narrow sense—does not regulate a particular administrative jurisdiction. In such cases, this is assumed by the body or employee whose duties and work are consistent with that jurisdiction. Jurisdiction also refers to the legal capacity or authority established for the administrative body, or its subordinates, to make specific decisions regarding the subject matter or scope of implementation in a given place and time. This defect therefore manifests itself in the inability, under the law, to initiate a specific legal procedure, as the legislator has made it the responsibility of another authority in accordance with the rules governing jurisdiction. Therefore, an administrative decision is tainted by the defect of lack of jurisdiction when it is issued by a person lacking the authority to issue. This defect has two forms, distinguished by administrative jurisprudence and jurisprudence. The first is when the defect is serious, and is called usurpation of authority. The second is when the defect does not reach this level and is commonly called lack of jurisdiction or a simple defect of jurisdiction. Therefore, the term «lack of jurisdiction» has two meanings: the broad one, which expands to include usurpation of authority, and the narrow one, lack of jurisdiction. The classification of lack of jurisdiction and its inclusion under either form results in legal consequences that differ in the first form from the second. We believe that the criterion for distinguishing between usurpation of authority and a simple defect in jurisdiction is the suspicion of valid jurisdiction. We are dealing with usurpation if this suspicion disappears, such as if it is issued by a non-employee, or by someone who had no connection to the issuance, or if the matter relates to something that falls outside jurisdiction in general. However, if this suspicion appears and doubt arises regarding the legitimacy of jurisdiction, then the matter relates to a simple defect.

The study aimed to know the effectiveness of using the story in developing creative thinking and science fiction in teaching art education, as all countries of the world are looking to interest in education and strive to develop the skills and capabilities of learners and to keep pace with that progress, thinking must be done in modern methods and methods that are used in the educational process And the process of developing creative thinking, stimulating perceptions and science fiction among learners is of great importance to develop expressive capabilities in the field of art education.
The story is one of the educational methods that depend on the sense of sight and hearing, whether it is different pictures or drawings in addition to its interesting style that works to attract all learners at all educational levels, besides that art education.
The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control group,attributable to the experimental method
The results aiso showed statisticant differences between the story method and the students who were taught by the story method and the students who taught the usual method and in favor of the experimental method.

This research sheds light on the most important coup attempts that took place in Cambodia. These attempts tried to overthrow the regime of Norodom Sihanouk, who was controlling the country›s politics at the time. Among them was the attempt by Sam Sary, who sought to establish an opposition party against Sihanouk. This attempt was financed by South Vietnam and Thailand, Cambodia›s neighbors. In addition, the attempt by Dap Chhon, whose leader tried to separate the city of Siem Reap, located in northern Cambodia, from the latter and establish an opposition state against Sihanouk. Thus, forming a pro-Western ruling system in the country, and undermining Sihanouk›s ruling regime, both of the above attempts failed to achieve their goals, due to the intelligence, cunning and acumen of Sihanouk, who discovered these attempts before they occurred.

This study investigated the challenges and benefits of teacher-student relationship in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Iraq. The researcher inspected the role of the teacher-student relationship in achieving the educational outcomes taking into account the institutional limitations that may lower student engagement and motivation for learning the English language. The researcher adopted a descriptive qualitative survey method to collect data from a sample of 30 EFL teachers among whom 12 teachers were selected for semi-structured interviews based on the teacher-student relationship scale (STRS) scores. The findings showed that teachers who scored high on the survey emphasized empathy, open communication  and personal connection to establish trust and motivation, whereas teachers with low scores depended on classroom structure, rule enforcement and external discipline to maintain classroom order. However, despite differing approaches, the two groups face identical challenges which include crowded classrooms, short time, student misbehavior and insufficient institutional support. Those findings called for the necessity of specific pedagogic professional development programs to train teachers on classroom diversity management and for institutional policies to minimize class size and to provide mental health support to protect Iraqi teachers of English from burnout. The research provides significant knowledge about EFL instruction that may help develop better educational policies to improve teacher-student relationship in Iraqi classrooms.

Between 1972 and 2000, the Gulf countries, especially the UAE and Qatar, experienced significant changes in the role of women in political decision-making. This research aims to study the development of Gulf women›s participation in political life during this period, focusing on prominent female figures from the UAE and Qatar to understand the factors that contributed to women›s political empowerment and the challenges they faced.
The study relied on a historical-analytical approach, reviewing literature and official documents, analyzing government policies related to women›s empowerment, and examining notable female cases in both countries. It also compared the Gulf experience with similar regional and international experiences.
The results showed an increasing political will in the UAE and Qatar to support women›s participation in decision-making, with women appointed to leadership positions and advisory councils, although direct election opportunities were limited. Education played a significant role in raising women›s awareness but was insufficient to overcome social and cultural constraints limiting their actual participation. Female models emerged in decision-making positions, yet women›s representation remained limited and was mostly achieved through appointment rather than election. The study also revealed weak societal awareness of women›s political roles and limited impact of civil society institutions in supporting women›s political rights.
In conclusion, the research confirms that women›s political empowerment in the Gulf was the result of high-level political will, with a need to adopt more inclusive policies to enhance women›s effective and sustainable participation in the future.

The research sheds light on the historical crises between the two Iraqi-Kuwaiti states, especially during the period of the Iraqi republican era, which was characterized by continuous changes in the ruling system, which was during the period (1958-1968 AD), which led to the existence of an ebb and flow between the rulers of Iraq and Kuwait in organizing operations and social work between them, and this is different from that and the review by studying the side The historical crisis between the two countries, and one of the most important and prominent crises that continued between the two countries was the demand of the Iraqi rulers to annex Kuwait to it, due to the failure to define and demarcate the borders between the two countries, so this led to the existence of continuous crises during the changing and ongoing decades between the two countries.

New Historicism is one of the modern critical studies that shed light on the narrative study of history. Among the important issues in the records of Islamic history is the departure of Imam Al-Ridha (peace be upon him). In this research, the researcher focuses on studying this issue according to the conflicting narratives between the Sunni and Shiite schools, presenting their perspectives and the ideology of historians.

Liquid gas is one of the most important sources of clean, non-polluting energy for the environment. The gas reserves in the ground every year and all scientific facts were the reason for investing in natural gas for car systems as an alternative to other fuels. From this standpoint, natural gas has become the preferred fuel in many countries, and increasingly in recent years, as liquid gas has become the only way for car owners of all types to overcome the high prices of gasoline and reduce the environmental impact of car exhaust.

Semiotics is a critical approach and philosophy that works to compare Arabic texts and their governing principles. It is one of the most prominent cognitive trends, and scientific research continues to abound with numerous publications and studies that attempt to provide approaches to understanding human and natural phenomena. The current research adopts color semiotics to define the critical approach through this semiotic term, which represents the essence of science, symbol, icon, influence, probability, and other concepts.
Semiotics concerns the theory and procedures of analysis that help describe systems and meaning. The most important aspect of this research is understanding what color semiotics means in his collection of poems, how modern semiotics emerged, and how he established this foundation. This is what we will focus on in this research.

The study titled “Transformations of Meaning from Text to Symbol: A Reading of ‘The Apple of Sin’ – A Study from Roots to Qur’anic Manifestations” aims to trace the evolution of the “Apple of Sin” into a symbol, beginning with the appearance of ambiguous expressions in foundational religious texts. It follows the symbol’s manifestations in literature, art, and thought, ultimately arriving at an understanding of its contemporary symbolic meanings. The study also seeks to analyze the interactions between the foundational text and the emerging symbol, and to uncover the factors that contributed to the development and multiplicity of this symbolism — from ancient formulations to its representation in Islam and the Qur’an, and how the latter addresses the story of Adam (peace be upon him). The research consists of an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion. The first section discusses “Plant Symbolism in the Sacred Texts of Ancient Civilizations”; the second explores “Transformations of Meaning from Text to Symbol in the Divine Religions”; while the third focuses on “The Tree of Sin from the Qur’anic Perspective.” The conclusion highlights the key findings of the study. The research draws on a wide range of sources, both Arabic and foreign, as well as specialized online materials that enriched various aspects of the study

The novel raises existential questions that oscillate between the concepts of life and death, and represents some dimensions of the historical process of man from considerations of wisdom and symbolic spaces. The author seems to insist on promoting the idea that major concepts such as existence and nothingness, time and non-life, are a series of inevitable tests for the truths of man›s troubled self to be revealed and achieve his humanity. Existential philosophy appears clearly in the novel and almost aligns with the ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre and Camus, where the concept of freedom and man›s responsibility for his destiny occupied a large space in the novel. Place appeared in the novel as part of the process of identity and belonging, as the author made memories and the history of places an essential element in shaping our selves, regardless of intellectual differences. The novel contains strong features of Gaston Bachelard›s views, especially in describing the poetics of places during the voluntary return to the past when the ceiling of the present and future collapses before consciousness and stops. The novel›s characters frequently wander in the paradoxes of truth and illusion, as if man is naturally tossed about by these difficult dualities in this world. The truth in the novel is not absolute; it is strongly linked to our experiences and the breadth of our understanding of them in this world. He may, without realizing it, be close to Friedrich Nietzsche›s philosophy that existence is nothing but a struggle of wills to complete the self. But in forms and proposals that follow the human functional position and the exploitation of others to achieve this completion. The writer sees in the novel that the thread of connection between generations is the only link that distinguishes us as cognitive beings and a living connection of human wisdom and experience; if it dies, everything dies. The writer did not neglect the spiritual dimension in the novel, as he described in detail the voluntary response of the oppressed human self to God and his eagerness to believe in Him, as He is the only source of reassurance that penetrates the depths of Arab prisons.

The research focuses on the emergence of juristic (fiqh-based) exegesis in classical tafsir literature and the significant role scholars played in spreading religious knowledge. Juristic interpretation began with the revelation of the Qur’an, with the Prophet being its first interpreter. The Companions then engaged in deriving legal rulings from the text.
The text highlights the scholarly importance of the city of al-Ḥilla and its contribution in producing scholars, including the author of the book Saʿd al-Suʿūd. This book was written by Sayyid Ibn Ṭāwūs, an Imami scholar descended from al-Hasan and al-Sajjād. He was known for his scholarly precision and the diversity of his writings. Ibn Ṭāwūs was distinguished for collecting books, systematizing legal issues, and producing one of the most meticulous works in authenticating sources and analyzing Qur’anic texts.

This study examines the phenomenon of repetition in the novel Diaries of Sarab Affan from the perspective of Text Linguistics, focusing on its role in achieving textual cohesion. The research adopts a textual approach to analyze the different types of repetition—direct, partial, structural, semantic, referential, and emphatic—while highlighting their functions in linking parts of the text, reinforcing meaning, and organizing the narrative rhythm. The findings reveal that repetition in the novel serves as a structural device that contributes to creating a thematic unity in the text, despite the fragmentation of its narrative structure. It also reflects the psychological makeup of the main character and embodies her emotional transformations. The study concludes that repetition is a fundamental mechanism in constructing the narrative discourse and ensuring its cohesion at both the formal and semantic levels.

Despite all the challenges, Iraqi newspapers remain a vital tool for combating corruption, drugs, and terrorism, and for promoting democracy. However, they require local and international support to enhance their independence and effectiveness, especially in a complex environment marked by political and security conflicts.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the discussion spectrum strategy on developing linguistic skills in the reading subject for first-year intermediate students, within the educational field. The researcher adopted the experimental approach, and the research sample was distributed into two groups: an experimental group that studied using the discussion spectrum strategy, and a control group that studied using the traditional method. The following null hypothesis was formulated: “There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group and students in the control group in developing linguistic skills.” After applying the tools and conducting the post-test, the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group, which indicates the effectiveness of the discussion spectrum strategy in developing students’ linguistic skills.

This research examines the concept of «Maqasid al-Shari›a» (the objectives of Islamic Shari›a) in both language and terminology, highlighting its effective role in addressing the phenomenon of intellectual extremism. It explains that maqasid, in language, revolve around integrity, moderation, and justice—concepts that are incompatible with deviation and extremism. In terminology, maqasid are the meanings and wisdom intended by the Wise Lawgiver in legislation. They are divided into three levels: necessities, needs, and refinements.
Necessities represent the foundation without which life cannot be sustained and include the preservation of religion, life, reason, lineage, and wealth. Necessities alleviate hardship and facilitate life, while refinements concern what beautifies life and preserves taste and morals. The research reviews these types with detailed examples, demonstrating how they complement each other to protect individuals and society.
The second section focused on the role of these objectives in combating extremist ideology. The objectives of Sharia are based on moderation, mercy, and facilitation, while extremism is based on extremism, rigidity, and contradiction of the essence of Islam. One of the most important objectives that contribute to combating this ideology is the «objective of preserving life.» Sharia prohibits unjustified attacks on human life and prescribes strict penalties to deter murder and terrorism. It also emphasizes respect for the lives of those with whom it has a treaty and those under dhimma, demonstrating the supremacy of Sharia in preserving human dignity.

Shura (consultation) is considered one of the most important principles upon which governance is based in the Islamic political system. It is one of the fundamental controls that limit the ruler›s tyranny and enable community participation in decision-making. Its importance lies in its being a Quranic approach to governing towards justice and effectiveness, making it one of the pillars of Islamic rule. While the principle of separation of powers is a cornerstone of the modern state, it also represents the true image of democracy and the primary gateway to its practice and consecration. It represents a significant and fundamental guarantee for achieving equality among individuals and respecting their rights and freedoms. With its existence, the rule of law is established, characterised by the allocation of an independent body for each of the legislative, executive and application authorities. This has an impact on the proper functioning of the state’s interests, the protection of human rights and the prevention of arbitrariness or abuse of power. This principle aims to prevent one authority from dominating another, so that each authority can stop the other if it exceeds its defined framework or goals or attempts to abuse its authority within this framework. The basic rule that governs the three authorities and prevents the abuse of authority is that authority stops authority. However, the idea of the principle of separation of powers is not new, but finds its origin in the writings of ancient philosophers