Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research sought to Know and measurement methods face the daily stress and mental toughness of a sample of Tdriciat Baghdad University unmarried levels. Then you know the correlation between the levels of measurement concepts, according to the sample responses and interpreted statistically. Amounted research sample (150) of the female teaching colleges and centers Baghdad / Jadiriya University, of different ages, according to a researcher from Matoffer prepare them and facilities in the application for the academic year (2013/2014).
Find and select the concepts according to the theoretical literature Tnzira analogy as follows:
1. The concept of coping styles life events pressing Abdulsalam Ali (1997): A series of external events faced by working women as a result of their dealings with the surrounding environment requirements, and impose compatibility speed in the face of these events to avoid the psychological and social negative effects, and access to achieve compatibility with the surrounding environment.
2. The concept of mental toughness for itching (2010): an individual's ability and effectiveness in the face of Stressful Life Events, faith, courage and self-confidence and immunity and carry, in order to remain steadfast in the face of difficulties and life hazards and shocks and disappointments and psychological problems daily, a developer so realistic goals and trends cumulative figure to solve problems and interact smoothly and respect, with self and others. And brought us the results that have been obtained to signs that the research sample of Tdriciat Baghdad University-Jadiriya complex unmarried went and were using positive methods to cope with the pressures of everyday life in general through Musbandthen Stressful Life Events to a high degree on the scale. The samples show a high degree of mental toughness, according to how they respond to the mental hardness scale. The correlation between the two concepts are high result, and which are interpreted by the researcher from two aspects: First, Tdriciat Baghdad University unmarried, went and were using positive methods to cope with the pressures of daily life rose Aijaathen in use to the extent of mental toughness, which is Kmkhvv or shield them against these pressures. The second aspect is explained Thalihen the ability of mental toughness that acquired in the public life of religious education and practical and social life which Aashnha difficulty and challenge the marriage with as family responsibility and a certificate of graduate years of fatigue and pressure and wars and work daily painstaking Bsaath and duties without, Vamtlknha in their personality and helped them a lot to cope with the pressures of life daily positive methods and facilitated them to live as normal to keep up with life. She then presented the recommendations and proposals of interest to several private educational institutions and the community in general scientific service for the march.

1- Research objectives
The research aims at :
A:- To know the level of the basic needs of the supervisors according to their point of view .
B:- Showing the impact of the two variables the gender, experience and the scientific qualification to identify the level of the basic needs of the supervisors .
2- The limits of the research
The current research is limited with the supervisors (the specialists and the educationalists ) in Baghdad Governorate for the study year 2012- 2013 .
3- The research society
The research society includes (1091) male and female supervisors in Baghdad Governorate.
4- The research sample
The test of the research sample is done randomly , this sample consists of (165) supervisors .The percentage is (15%) of the original society .
5- The research tool
The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool for his research based on the theoretical literature and the previous studies , it was assured and proved according to the techniques of the known scientific research .
6- The statistics media
The researcher used Berson correlation coefficient, equation Alvakronach, T.Test, the weighted average, weight percentile, and he depended on the statistic program me (SPSS) to analyze the data .

The current study aims at :
1. Finding out the level of university students' cultural estrangement.
2. Constructing two guidance programs to decrease thelevel of Baghdad university students' cultural estrangement in two different styles, namely, the cognitive style, and thinking dismissal.
3. Finding out the effect of the two guidance programsin decreasing the level of Baghdad university students' cultural estrangement. To achieve this aim, The following hypotheses are stated:
A-There are no statistical significant differences between the mean score of the ranks of the three involved groups (the two experimental groups and the control group) in the post administration of the cultural estrangement scale.
B- There are no statistical significant differences between the mean score of the ranks of the first experimental group and the control group in the post administration of the cultural estrangement scale.
C- There are no statistical significant differences between the mean score of the ranks of the second experimental group and the control group in the post administration of the cultural estrangement scale.
D- There are no statistical significant differences between the mean score of the ranks of the first experimental group and the second experimental group in the post administration of the cultural estrangement scale.
Two programs are constructed in two different guidance styles. The scale of ( Salah, 2008 ) for cultural estrangement is adopted. The psychometric features of the scale are checked by the researchers. The final version of the scale consists of 40 items. It is administered on a sample of 300 male and female students.
Forty five students who achieved 86+ scores are selected and distributed into three equal groups to be involved in the experimental groups. The experiment starts on 12/4/2014.
Each program involves 15 sessions, two sessions per week for the two experimental groups. The experiment ends on 2/3/2014. It reveals that both cognitive style, and thinking dismissal style have a clear effect in reducing the level of cultural estrangement feeling. Based on the results, a set of recommendations and suggestion are put forward by the researchers.

The Research Aims To Identify The Impact Of The effect of using understanding strategy in a achievement of material of philosophy at the fifth grade literary and And cognitive preference.
Researcher Used The Experimental Design A Disciple Of Post-test, Chose Researcher Division (A ) To Represent The Experimental Group That Studied According To The understanding strategy, And Represented Division (B) Of The Control Group , Which Is Studying The Traditional with Method. The Number Of Students ( 66 Students) By (33 ) Students In Each Division . Equivalent The Two Groups In Variables : Age Of The Students , Intelligence , The previous achievement. The Researcher Prepared The Achievement Test And Test The cognitive preference Test, Were The Validity And Psychometric Characteristics And Constancy, The Results Showed The Superiority Of The Experimental Group That Studied According To The understanding strategy In Educational And cognitive preference. Researcher Recommended Using The understanding strategy In Teaching.

Targeted current research to know the degree of satisfaction with life, and hope among the students of the Faculty of Arts, University of Qadisiyah, and the relationship between life satisfaction and hope, and to achieve the objectives of the research the researchers to adopt a measure (ElDesoki 0.1998) for the satisfaction of life, while the researchers built a measure of hope depending on theory (Seligman, 1991), may provide a standard search psychometric properties of validity and reliability and the ability to distinguish, where the two instruments were applied on a sample of 200 students for the academic year 2013-2014, were chosen random-style class with equal distribution. After the use of appropriate statistical methods showed the following results:
1. That students enjoy a high degree of satisfaction with life.
2. That students enjoy a high degree of hope.
3. There is a positive correlation between life satisfaction and hope.
In light of these results the researchers gave some recommendations also suggested a number of future studies.

This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the phenomenon of school violence in some schools of M’sila departement .to achieve the aim of this study, a 36 items questionnaire covering four : enviroment family ;mass media ;the peer group and scholastic environment factors.
The sample of the study consisted 50 teachers (n=50) during the academic year 2009/2010 and chosen by random method. The following are the most prominent results of this study
The study has made several solutions propositions. The most important ones include :
- The preventive treatment of the students who suffer from hard family conditions.
- The importance of activating the role of the educational guide.
- Emphasizing the follow-up practices on the part of the parents.

in the light of the identified research objectives as follows :
1 –The level of scientific thinking of university students
2- The difference in the middle degrees of scientific thinking according to the variables (Gender , specialization , class).
3- The level of physical memory of university students .
4- The difference in the middle degrees of physical memory according to the variables ( Gender , specialization , class).
5- The relationship between the scientific thinking and physical memory of university students .
and on the search results have been indicated to the following :
1-The sign of the difference in the answers to students on scale at the level of scientific thinking (0.05) for the sample average
2-The sign of the difference in the degrees of scientific thinking to the variable of sex differences that are statistically significant at the level of (0.05) the sign of difference refer to proposition average .
3-The sign of the difference on scale physical memory at the level of (0.05) for the sample average .
4- The sign of the difference in the degrees of physical to the variable of sex differences that are statistically significant at the level of (0.05) the sign of difference refer to proposition average .

Recommendations :
1- Enrich the curriculum of scientific thinking at the college study
One of the main proposals:
1- Doing a survy aims at discovering the other changeable that are not dealt with in present study(the salutation problems--) to the university students .

The research aim to identify the learning styles and also to identify the level of need to know and what is their relationship with the students, middle school, and for the purpose of verifying that the use of learning methods, prepared by Richard Veldr scale (Richard Felder) and Barbara Solomon (Barbara Solomon) (2000) Based in light Veldr model and Silverman translation (Sinawi 2013) and gauge the need for prepared knowledge by Caziobo and Betty and Kao (1984) Cacioppo, Petty & Kao as the number of vertebrae learning methods measure amounted to (44) paragraph and scale need to know (18) paragraph has been make sure Alsekoumtria characteristics of the two measures were then applied tools to the research sample, which amounted to 300 students from the students middle school were selected random stratified way, and the results showed that the sample members do not have a specific style of learning and they need to be defined as the average grades higher from the middle premise as well, and there is a positive correlation between the need for knowledge and learning styles, and the reason is that students who have a need to have a high knowledge using the methods of learning knowledge and many uses of each learner all the methods at different times, but does not have to all be in the level and use of the same as stated in the which adopted theory.

The scientific concepts consider as the most important outcomes of science, they are elements directed to be as known opinions and scientific knowledge, and learners acquire of these concepts became a prime target for education process , the most important concepts that have attracted the attention of the world the concepts of environmental education.This present study aims to how to gain the students Education Ibn al-Haytham Faculty of environmental concepts, as specified research community for all students Department of Chemistry and biology in the fourth stage in the study morning (2011-2012) and totaling 330 students, selected a random sample of (135)students who formed (5%) of the total community.The researcher has prepared research tools to select concepts of environmental education component of 40 items has been conducted to test all Sekoumtria properties of validity, reliability of the difficult elements, force excellence and ideal alternatives, after correct conclusions, data were processing statistically by using the Statistical bag of Social Sciences SPSS and the results showed:
1- The percentage of acquiring of environment concepts for students of College of Education . Ibn Al-Haitham for pure science above average
2-there is no effect in department in acquiring environmental concepts of Education Ibn al-Haytham Pure Sciences.
In light of the results researcher submit a number of recommendations and proposals.

This research aims at identifying the effect of cooperative learning Strategy in the achievement of Kurdish language grammar of students at Kurdish Dept. To achieve the research aim , the researcher chose intentionally the fourth - year students in the Dept. of Kurdish College of Education, lbn –Rushed For Human Sciences, University of Baghdad to be the sample of his study, The sample consists of (62) male and female students distributing on two sections .The first section represents the experimental group, while the other one represents the control group. The experimental group includes (31) male and female students who pare taught according to cooperative learning strategy. The control group includes (31) male and female students who are taught according to the traditional way. The researcher has done the equalization in the following variables: the academic level of achievement of the students fathers and mothers and their scores in the Intelligence Test and the final mark in grammar for third stage. The experiment lasted for nine weeks. An achievement test is designed by the researcher and it is composed of (20) item which represents a multiple choice test, The validity and reliability of the test has been ascertained by using (Kuder –Richardson-20 ) Formal and it is (0,76). The results of the research have been treated statistically by using( T-Test) Formulae for two independent variables. lt has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in favors to the experimental group which is taught according to cooperative learning strategies .
In the light of the results achieved the researcher has come up with the following conclusions:
1-The cooperative learning strategy have proved their effectiveness in increasing the achievement of the four - Year in Kurdish Grammar language .
2- Using the cooperative learning strategies gives opportunity for students to discuss argue and express opinions.

This study was conducted to solve many substantial problems among female students of kirkuk institute using a reliable scale used evaluate psychological health problems by the publisher in previous studies showed high accuracy and stability .the main purpose of this study can be summarized as follows:-females students of the institute should be supervised by the governmental institutes that took care of teenagers and expecting mothers ,These girls will be of course mothers of great deal of students of kirkuk society and responsible for leading families
-the variants discussed in this study will have direct effects on social ,psychological and behavior of girls
- this study showed that many family problems could be solved by considering the findings of this study as basic threshold to handle these social problems between parent and daughters by understanding these needs and there submissions for the future relying on family values
-this study dealt with two concepts. the parental abuse and psychological health of the girls
The Objectives of Study this study concerned with the followed
1-parental abuse by female students of the institute
2-Plot a relationships between parental abuse and psychological health detected among female students of the institute
Note: female students of Kirkuk institute for the year 2011-2012 were involved only in this study.
Study Sample
The randomizing method was employed to select the students included in this study(130) female students. With percentage of (20%)from the original society
Study Scale
The publisher used a scale (namr 2009)was used by the publisher to find a relationships between parental abuse and and psychological health of the female students
The results showed that the application of psychological health scale was significantly worked accurately and the females psychological heath were medium and not high enough and they can not deal with difficult situation under all circumstances and they fee l not always happy and lacl of seriousness in success in life .
On the other hand the scale showed parents abuse up to the significant standards under level of significance (0.05). the study showed many recommendations for parent to l look after there daughters during their study in the institute and also daughters should obey their parents by employing family valuable values and stay away the social bad behaviors particularly those that regulate the relation with males in such conservative societ.

The research aims to identify the difficulties and obstacles faced by graduate students in the use of electronic libraries were selected sample of the research of graduate students in the Colleges of Education / University of Baghdad (College of Education, Ibn Rushed, College of Education, Ibn al-Haytham, Girls College of Education, College of Education Riyadh_ Jadiriya, Faculty of Physical Education for Banat_ Waziriya), descriptive approach adopted was taking a sample of the study population and employed a number of statistical methods to analyze data, including Pearson correlation coefficient, percentage, center-weighted, Centennial weight. The most prominent difficulties faced by graduate students twice the physical capabilities to finance the electronic library projects and the weakness of the communications infrastructure and the difficulty of mastering the use of modern techniques in dealing with electronic libraries of researchers and practitioners. He recommended Find the need to adopt the Ministry of Higher Education programs and action plans towards the development of the capabilities and potential of graduate students in the use of modern information and communication and the creation of special supplies so techniques across urged university libraries and libraries of colleges for the computerization of procedures and services provided to beneficiaries in proportion to the developments rapidly globally and regionally in this area.

The study aimed to identify the levels of geometric thinking among the students of the Department of Mathematics in the College of Education-Ibn AL Haitham at the University of Baghdad , and to achieve the aims of the study was the adoption of a measure of Alharby (2003) prepared the Saudi environment and consists of) 25 (items distributed on five levels (level Visualization , Analysis , Informal Deduction, formal Deduction, Rigor Deduction ) and reached the study sample ( 206 ) male and female students from the Department of Mathematics in the College of Education–Ibn AL Haitham at Baghdad University, was selected in the manner stratified random , was to verified the veracity of the tool by honesty virtual submitting it to the experts and certified construction and stability in a way Alpha Cronbach , and use the researcher to analyze the results of a number of statistical means of which , the test samples t for two independent samples , Pearson correlation coefficient , the study found the results of the most important : Override students sample the first level (Visualization ) by(% 84.5 ) did not exceed the students' levels of the other four , and there are no differences statistically significant levels of geometric thinking attributed to sex , there are no statistically significant differences in the levels of geometric thinking among students and students of the first phase the fourth phase, the study has come out with a number of recommendations and suggestions .