Journal of University of Babylon

The aim of this research was to identify the problems and difficulties facing employees in using cloud computing. This was followed by an introduction to cloud computing, its components, patterns, and models. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach and was distributed to a sample of 65 employees at the University of Aleppo. The study reached the following key findings:
There are obstacles that limit the use of cloud computing at the University of Aleppo. The study recommended finding appropriate solutions for each problem facing users, spreading the culture of cloud computing, and focusing on means of information security and protection.

Strategic thinking provides the teacher and the learner with an advanced and creative product that provides an idea and breadth with which to feed the learner's mental and intellectual processes, which enables him to harmonize between the scientific and rational method with high-level mental abilities to achieve the desired goals by consolidating the roots of strategic thinking in deepening the learner's understanding and cognitive awareness in various educational processes. Thus, the teacher and the learner have a positive impact on his motivation to achieve by realizing himself through what he accomplishes to obtain a better life; because the motivation to achieve raises the level of the individual's performance and production in various educational activities. From here, the researcher poses the following question: What is the relationship between strategic thinking skills and achievement motivation among male and female Arabic language teachers?
The researcher set several objectives, including:
- Identifying the strategic thinking skills of male and female Arabic language teachers.
- Identifying the level of Arabic language teachers' strategic thinking skills according to gender.
- Measuring achievement motivation among male and female Arabic language teachers.
- Identifying the level of achievement motivation among male and female Arabic language teachers according to gender.
- Identifying the relationship between strategic thinking skills and achievement motivation among male and female Arabic language teachers.
The current research is limited to:
- Arabic language teachers, both male and female, in the preparatory stages for the 2023-2024 academic year.
- To achieve the research objective, the researcher chose (160) male and female teachers from the research community using the random drawing method, (66) male teachers and (94) female teachers from the preparatory schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, to apply the two research tools to them, and they represent (30%) of the research community. The literature indicates that this research enables the researcher to choose a sample of approximately (20%) of the community.
The researcher used Cronbach's alpha coefficient, chi-square, Pearson's correlation, weighted mean and percentage weight, the item discrimination equation, and the two-tailed t-test for two independent samples as statistical methods.

In light of the findings, the researcher recommended the following:
1. The need to adopt strategic thinking skills, given their effectiveness in enhancing achievement motivation.
2. The need to actively encourage teachers to use strategic thinking skills.
3. Introduce Arabic language teachers to strategic thinking skills and work on them through the curriculum.
The researcher proposes the following:
1. Conduct a study to determine the strategic thinking skills of male and female teachers in various disciplines, limiting the study to Arabic language teachers.
2. Conduct a study similar to the current study throughout Iraq.

The study aims to analyze the content of curricular educational activities in humanities textbooks for the intermediate stage in light of core thinking skills. To achieve this goal, the researcher reviewed educational literature and previous studies related to content analysis, activities, thinking, and core thinking skills. Based on these findings, the researcher developed a research instrument consisting of eight main skills and nineteen sub-skills. The instrument was presented to a group of experts and specialists in psychological and educational sciences, and after verifying its validity—with an approval rate of 80% using the Chi-square test—the researcher ensured that the instrument was suitable for its intended purpose, a total of 264 activities from humanities textbooks for the intermediate stage were analyzed. To ensure reliability, the researcher re-evaluated the results over time and consulted other analysts. The consistency of the analysis was found to be very high using Cooper’s formula,The results of the analysis showed that the most frequently occurring skill was Expansion, with 28 occurrences, accounting for 15.05% of the total. The Standard Building skill appeared 19 times (10.21%). The Summarization skill had 14 occurrences (7.52%), followed by Prediction, which appeared 13 times (6.98%). The Comparison skill had 12 occurrences (6.45%), while the Goal-Setting skill appeared 11 times (5.91%). The Problem Identification skill had 10 occurrences (5.37%), Skills such as Observation and Recall appeared 9 times (4.83%). Skills including Question Formulation, Classification, Reasoning, and Reconstruction had 7 occurrences (3.76%). The skills Coding, Sequencing, and Identifying Patterns and Relationships were recorded 6 times (3.22%). Finally, the skills Representation, Feature Identification, and Error Detection appeared 5 times (2.68%), The results indicate that the designers of humanities curricula for the intermediate stage did not adequately incorporate activities aligned with core thinking skills. Based on these findings, the researcher provided several conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for improvement.

The research aims to assess the impact of erosion on the sustainability of pastures and livestock development in the north of Erbil governorate, by conducting a spatial and environmental analysis of a sample of 30 villages selected based on the severity of erosion. The results showed that villages with low erosion, which amount to five villages, are characterized by their ability to accommodate more than 6,000 sheep and goats, an average of more than 1,200 heads per village, thanks to the abundance of vegetation and the ease of the terrain. While the villages with medium erosion, which include 15 villages, recorded densities ranging from 800 to 1199 heads, indicating that they are affected by seasonal fluctuations. Villages with high erosion, up to 10 villages, have a low animal density of less than 800 heads, due to poor vegetation, fragility of the soil and steep slopes. The NDVI index was used to assess the efficiency of vegetation cover and correlate its results with the pastoral situation and the severity of erosion. The study found that Pastoral Development requires effective environmental interventions, including the organization of grazing, land reclamation, and improving resource management, which contributes to supporting sustainability and achieving food security in mountainous areas. the study area is located between two viewing circles ( 7 29 36 – 18 14 36 (north, between two meridians) 5 27 44 – 17 49 43) east.

In his current research, the researcher addressed the title (The Aesthetic of the Symbolic Dimension in the Drawings of Primary School Pupils). The research consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the researcher presented the research problem through the following question: What is the aesthetics of the symbolic dimension in the drawings of primary school pupils? Then came the importance and need for the research, as the current research is important because it studies the symbolic dimension in the aesthetics of primary school pupils' drawings. In order to achieve his goal, the researcher set a goal for the research, which is to reveal the symbolic dimension in the aesthetics of primary school pupils' drawings. The researcher defined the boundaries of the research; the objective boundaries were the drawings of primary school pupils in which the symbolic dimension appears, the spatial boundaries in Iraq, and the temporal boundaries 2023-2024. The researcher also defined the terms included in the title linguistically, technically, and procedurally. As for the theoretical framework of the second chapter, the researcher divided it into three sections: Section One: The concept of symbolism in philosophy and art. Section Two: Symbolic connotations in the art of drawing. Section Three: The aesthetics of expression in children's drawings. The third procedural chapter addressed the research community, the selection of the research sample, and the research tool. The researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in analyzing the research sample. The researcher then conducted a sample analysis. In the fourth chapter, the researcher presented some results, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions. The most important finding was that the place represented a symbolic dimension expressed by the pupils in an aesthetic style that conveyed the beauty of the Iraqi environment. The most important conclusion was that in most of the paintings, the pupils tended to draw themselves as the protagonists of the artwork.

This research aims to reveal the accommodation between gifted students' programs and future careers in light of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vision 2030. The researcher followed the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, using open observation, a focus group, and unstructured interviews. As for the participants, they were chosen intentionally of students enrolled in gifted care programs (12 students), their parents (4 parents), and teachers (2 teachers). The result of the research showed the importance of redesigning gifted care programs to align with the Kingdom's vision 2030, considering the interests of the gifted students, and the need to implement gifted mentoring programs more effectively. The research finding also revealed the need to design vocational guidance programs that keep pace with gifted care programs to guide gifted students vocationally. The research also highlighted the importance of seeking help from the human element surrounding the gifted students due to their influence on gifted students' career decisions and working to raise the level of teachers to keep pace with the requirements of the Kingdom's vision 2030. The study recommends considering the professional aspect when designing enrichment programs in line with the Kingdom's Vision 2030, also the interests of gifted students, and consulting experts to design enrichment programs. The study also recommended designing vocational guidance programs that align with the enrichment program and the Kingdom's Vision 2030 and implementing more community partnerships to enhance professional skills. The study also recommended continuous training for teachers of gifted students on the use of recent technical programs and devices used in designing scientific projects. The study proposes conducting a study on a proposed concept for designing an enrichment unit in gifted programs to align gifted care programs with future careers in light of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. It also suggests conducting more qualitative research on gifted care and future careers, and partnering with universities and research centers.

Action on stage is considered an end in itself. It is intended to be understood by the recipient as a meaningful, integrated series. This is why it is composed of various symbols that are primarily and specifically reflected in the recipient\'s consciousness. Thus, the properties of the action possess specific meanings that are depicted and conveyed by the theatrical performance in a specific form, symbolic. This research focuses on studying the symbol and its functions in the performances of the Algerian theater director (Mohamed Charchal). The research was divided into four chapters: In the first chapter (the methodological framework), the researcher studied the research problem, which was represented by the following question (What are the intellectual and artistic starting points that the symbolic works in Mohamed Charshal’s theatrical performances created), in addition to the importance and need for the research, and the aim of the research, which is (to identify the symbol and its functions in Mohamed Charshal’s theatrical performances - the play “Ma Baqat Hedra” as a model), and the limits of the research, the limits of time (2018), the limits of place (Tunisia), and the limits of the subject (studying the symbol and its functions in Mohamed Charshal’s theatrical performances - the play “Ma Baqat Hedra” as a model). The chapter concluded by defining the terms and the operational definition. As for the second chapter, it is (the theoretical framework and previous studies), which was divided into three sections: the first: the symbol cognitively and conceptually, the second is the symbol and its functions in the contemporary theatrical performance, and the third is the intellectual and artistic references of the theatrical director Mohamed Charshal. The chapter concluded with indicators of the theoretical framework, and the third chapter (the procedural) was devoted to the intentionally selected research sample. It is a play (No More Talk) The research methodology was (the descriptive approach in analyzing the sample subject of the study) As for the fourth chapter, which is (the results and discussions), it included the results, conclusions, recommendations, suggestions, footnotes and sources. The most important results are: 1- The symbolic works of this show revealed the strange methods of presenting, presenting and conveying the idea to the recipient. 2- The symbolic works of this show revealed the most important intellectual foundations and cultural tributaries. 3- The symbolic works in this show contributed to revealing aspects of life through the contrast between individuals of society.

The phenomenon of loss of the meaning of life has spread recently among university youth, which made it a social psychological health issue that needs research, as feelings of loss of the meaning of life would negatively affect human life and physical health, and may lead him to depression and addiction to alcohol and drugs, so the research aimed to detect differences in the realization of the meaning of life according to the following demographic variables (educational level, current work), where the researcher used the descriptive-correlational method, and the sample consisted of (401) male and female students from the University of Aleppo, The researcher used the descriptive-correlational method to discover the differences between the sample members according to the study variables. The researcher also prepared a life meaning perception scale based on the scale of Safaa Raji Daher Al-Astal (2020), and the research reached several conclusions, the most important of which were the researcher's findings that there were no statistically significant differences in life meaning perception according to the educational level variable (undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate), and there were statistically significant differences in life meaning perception according to the variable of the current work of the university student Based on the results, a number of suggestions and recommendations were made, the most important of which were highlighting some of the issues of low motivation and apathy experienced by university youth and helping them direct their energies to invest their talents and inclinations, conducting studies on assessing the psychological and intellectual needs of students to develop programs that contribute to understanding the factors affecting the increase in students' awareness of the meaning of their lives.

The current research aims to identify Talent anxiety and its relationship to psychological Superiority among gifted students.
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher used a descriptive correlational approach. Two tools were required: the first to measure talent anxiety, and the second to measure self-esteem among gifted students. The researcher constructed both scales. The talent anxiety scale consisted of (30) items with six dimensions and four alternatives. The self-esteem scale consisted of (20) items, the validity and reliability of which were verified by the researcher. A sample of (339) male and female students was selected. The following statistical methods were used:
(Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test for two independent samples, Cronbach's alpha equation). The researcher reached several conclusions, including:
1 -Gifted students are characterized by a high level of talent anxiety, which leads to increased motivation toward achievement and creativity.
2- High-achieving students have a sense of superiority, believing they are better than others
3-There are no statistically significant differences in the level of giftedness anxiety and giftedness anxiety among high-achieving students based on gender.
In light of the research results, the researcher developed a number of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the clustering strategy on the achievement of selective sixth-grade primary school students in science and their critical thinking. The research sample consisted of 54 students divided into two groups. The first was experimental and studied using the clustering strategy , and the other was control group that studied according to the usual method using the experimental design with partial control, Before starting to implement the experiment , the students of the two research groups were satisfied with the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, parents academic achievement, grades of the fifth- grade primary school students in science, intelligence)after conducting solidarity between the two research groups, then formulating (118) behavioral objectives that represented the cognitive aspect of Blooms taxonomy, The research subject was self-constructing an achievement test (40) paragraphs and critical thinking test(24) paragraphs, Appropriate statistical methods were used for the research it. The experiment began on Monday, 17-2-2025, and ended on Tuesday, 29-4-2025. Through this, the researcher concluded that adopting The clustering strategy has a positive impact on raising the level of academic achievement and expanding their critical thinking

The intellectual and philosophical arena has witnessed radical changes under the shadow of postmodern thought. Philosophers and critics have begun to question many of the concepts prevalent under the thought of the modern era, which concern the concepts of absolute truth, objectivity, and even language. Literature in general had a large share of this transformation, as the postmodern era witnessed a remarkable development in literary styles. Literature at this stage became more diverse and free in expression, as literary genres overlapped and styles blended, allowing for the emergence of new styles that challenge traditional rules that might lead to monotony. The novel is one of the literary arts that was greatly influenced by postmodernist thought, as it witnessed a major transformation in its structure and styles, becoming more diverse in its treatment of topics. Literary forms have become fragmented and pluralistic, containing more than one narrative level while presenting different and conflicting visions within the same text. They have also witnessed the emergence of new techniques: deconstruction, temporal manipulation, and intertextuality, where writers resort to breaking the chronological sequence of events and drawing on numerous cultural and intellectual texts to enrich the narrative text. This study seeks to uncover the manifestations of postmodernist thought in the novel "Ya Banat Iskandaria" (O Girls of Alexandria) by Edwar El-Kharrat. The autobiographical novel focuses on aspects of his life during his youth during the 1940s and 1950s. The study reveals how El-Kharrat employs narrative elements to reflect the influence of postmodernist thought on the author's writing. Which appears clearly in the novel, with an analysis of the elements of narrative in the novel that is the subject of the research.

This research examines the concept of balance in contemporary artwork from a comprehensive perspective. The research problem is summarized as follows: What is the concept of balance as an aesthetic value in contemporary sculpture in the Kurdistan Region? In the theoretical section, Part One (The concept of balance and its types): there are several types of balance in the artistic framework, including A. symmetrical balance, B. asymmetrical balance, and C. illusory (hidden) balance, in addition to the applications of balance in art. Part Two (Balance in artwork). Part Three (Contemporary sculpture in the Kurdistan Region, origin and development). The researcher used the descriptive–analytical method to analyze the works, focusing on three models of Kurdish artists from the period (2006–2016). The importance of the research stems from its artistic dimension. It represents a valuable intellectual contribution to aesthetic thought, studying this conceptual change and highlighting the value of balance as one of the most important aesthetic principles in contemporary sculpture in the Kurdistan Region. Research objectives: to identify the concept of balance as an aesthetic value in contemporary sculpture in the Kurdistan Region. Important results: Balance is a basic visual and aesthetic element. It is used in contemporary sculptural works by Kurdish artists to achieve harmony between masses and spaces. The forms of balance appear whether symmetrical, asymmetrical, or dynamic and many works are characterized by this balance. Local artists rely on balance to create a sense of visual stability, despite their experimentation with contemporary forms. Conclusions: Balance represents a visual and aesthetic foundation in contemporary Kurdish sculpture. Most contemporary sculptural works in the Kurdistan Region show a clear reliance on the concept of balance as a key factor in achieving harmony between form and space and maintaining the stability of the artwork, despite innovations in style and technique.