journal of kufa studies center

The topic of investment portfolios is the focus of the development of the investment world in the face of the new needs that have emerged for investors. Harry Markowitz, the Nobel laureate in economics, was one of the first to research investment portfolios through his article "Choosing a Portfolio" published in the Financial Journal in 1952. John Holland was one of the first researchers in the genetic algorithm in the 1960s and was developed by Holland and his students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s. The genetic algorithm was then used in various fields, and the genetic algorithm was developed to build the investment portfolio from a wide range of stocks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange and enable investors to achieve the highest returns. The research came in three main paragraphs, the first included the research methodology, while the second dealt with the theoretical framework of the research by addressing the genetic algorithm and building the investment portfolio, so that the research ended with the third point, which focused on the practical aspect with conclusions and recommendations.

Iraq and its Arab and regional surroundings have sought to reach economic integration by concluding many agreements and developing trade relations to facilitate the movement of trade exchange and create a free trade zone, but these agreements have not reached high success rates and this is due to several different political and economic reasons, and in this research the most important reasons that stand in the way of building an integrated model in the region will be highlighted, as well as the research includes the future of economic integration between Iraq and neighboring countries from During the activation of Iraq's role economically and politically, and the analysis of the most important economic reforms necessary to reach an advanced integration experience and confront the policy of impoverishing the neighbor pursued by some neighboring countries to weaken the Iraqi economy.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the nature of the effect of the independent variable (overdraft management style) and its dimensions represented in (information sharing, training and development, empowerment, motivation) in the adopted variable (tax awareness), and the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted using the questionnaire as a main tool in obtaining information from the sample of (126) officials in the job positions represented by the(M. General Manager, Section Manager, Deputy Director of the First Department, Deputy Director of the Second Department, Division Officer, Assistant Division Officer) at the General Authority of Taxes in Baghdad, as well as conducting personal interviews with its officials, and the answers were analyzed based on the statistical program (SPSS V.18) in calculating (Weighted Mean of Calculation, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Difference, Simple Linear Regression Analysis, F Test, Determination CoefficientR2), and the most prominent findings of the research are: There is a positive and moral effect of keeping the overhead management method away in achieving tax awareness.

The research aims to identify the strategic capabilities and their impact on organizational proactivity in tourism companies in Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate and to diagnose the level of the relationship between the two variables by measuring their dimensions and determining the nature of the relations between them and to achieve these goals, the (descriptive-analytical) approach was adopted, and the questionnaire was used as a measurement tool, and the research population was the 103 individuals working in the tourism sector in Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. 110 questionnaires were distributed by random sampling method and the retrieval rate was (93.6%) and the number of valid questionnaires was (103) questionnaires, i.e. with a percentage of representation for the sample (100% ), the researcher used advanced statistical software (SPSS v.26) for the purpose of analyzing the data and testing the main and sub-hypotheses emanating from the study, and the research period was from 15/11/2020 to 15/11/2021 and the study of the natural relationship between the research variables in tourism companies and their analysis and benefiting from the results of these Relationship.

The work of the parliament can be divided into three types, two main functions that are at the core of the function of the parliament, namely legislation and oversight of the work of the executive authority, while the third work is administrative work, which can be considered an organizational work through which the parliament manages its affairs.

However, the ambiguity of the constitutional texts in the Iraqi model has led to overlap in the competencies between the federal government and the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region and regulate the form of the relationship between them, as well as the ambiguity of the constitutional texts, the lack of application of the approach of the philosophy of the federal system and its lack of consideration of the societal specificity enjoyed by the Iraqi society, which affected the administration of the state and created many countless problems between the federal government and the Kurdistan Region.
The relationship between the federal government and the Kurdistan Region has become constantly tense due to many points of disagreement as a result of the many powers enjoyed by the Kurdistan Region, which has affected the performance of the entire political system and consequently its reflection on society and all state institutions, and the state's inability to impose the rule of law as a result of many factors.

Scholars have researched the miracles of the Holy Qur'an and once referred to the "way of systematizing it" and arranging its words grammatically. Some of them argued that the "inability" of the Arabs to imitate it is due to the fact that God Almighty "diverted" the people from keeping up with it. A third time they said that the reason for the "inability" of the Arabs is due to the "eloquence" of the Holy Qur'an. The research dealt with the efforts of the Mu'tazilites and the Ash'aris; most of what has come to us in the issue of miracles is for the Ash'arites and the Mu'tazilites, as the Ash'arites such as al-Baqlani, Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani and others made great efforts in the Miracles.
These great efforts, despite their importance and originality, were not curative, and the criticism of the research all of this and the association of the argument with the argument and the evidence with the evidence, in order to conclude that the Qur'an is miraculous in its revelation and its chosen words with a miraculous degree of accuracy and the expression of the required meaning in a way that human beings – collectively – are unable to come up with the same as it, even though the Qur'an challenged them and kept this challenge open. It is also miraculous in its style, in its theories, in what it has been told about the unseen and other things that will be discussed in the research.

The United States of America witnessed an economic crisis beginning in 1929, and that crisis differed from its predecessors not only in its duration, but also in its depth, breadth, and impact, not limited to the United States of America, but included most European countries, whether agricultural or industrial. This is thanks to the economic interdependence between the countries of the world, and the important role that the United States of America began to play in the global economy after the First World War, as its infection quickly spread in less than three years. Austria was one. One of the most affected countries in the country is suffering from financial deficits and a collapsed economic situation following its defeat in World War I.

The study dealt with the most important international political and military developments that paved the way for the launch of the North African campaign during World War II, namely: "The Fascist Party's Takeover of the Reins of Power in Italy", following the arrival of the fascists led by Mussolini to the pyramid of power in Italy, which contributed to the spread of colonial ideas calling for turning the Mediterranean Sea into an Italian lake, and so on. The defeat of France and its military collapse against Nazi Germany in 1940 and the impact of the fall of France on Mussolini's decision to enter the war and send the campaign to North Africa, as well as "Britain's weakness and military unpreparedness at the beginning of the war", which led to Britain's policy of making concessions to the fascist and Italian dictatorships in order to avoid the specter of war.

This research deals with an important topic that revolves around abstraction in ancient Mesopotamian art (i.e., simplification and reduction) in the artistic scenes executed on pottery during prehistoric eras, as abstraction is the oldest method of human art, as it links art with magic and religion. Abstract forms, by stripping them of all that is natural, become free, possessing an inner energy emanating from spiritual sources.
Pottery was one of those arts that embodied and immortalized a part of the details of life in Mesopotamia, taking the abstract style as a basis for formulating its scenes, and because of the abundance of pottery discovered in various ancient Iraqi sites and in all ages, and the accuracy of the details represented on it, the diversity of its subjects and the multiplicity of its scenes, through which it was possible to draw a clear picture of the religious and civil life of the people of Mesopotamia with all its details. The research aims to shed light on the oldest methods of human art, known as the abstract style, by tracing Its origin and development through the ages.

The current research aims to identify:
- Cognitive Style (Risk-Caution) among Students at the University of Kufa
- Statistically significant differences in the cognitive style of the students of the University of Kufa by variable:
A: Gender (Male and Female Students) B: Major of Study (Scientific/Human)
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers relied on the following :
1. Using the (descriptive-relational method) to detect (risk – caution).
2- Adopting the Risk-Taking Cognitive Style Scale, which was prepared by (Abdel Majeed, 2008) which is mainly based on the theory of (Mesk, 1984). The researchers reached the following results:
1- The method of caution is prevalent among the research sample of students of the University of Kufa.
2- There are statistically significant differences in gender between (males and females) in (risk-caution) in favor of females.

The research aimed to measure the impact of capital investment on the financial sustainability of service sector companies for a sample of real estate companies affiliated with the service sector and registered on the Amman Stock Exchange for the period 2008-2020. Total liabilities, Net profit after tax and interest or return, Total equity, Long-term liabilities, Net income, Total asset turnover, Earnings before interest and tax). The DuPont formula was used to measure financial sustainability, which represents the dependent variable, while to measure the impact of capital investment, three independent variables were used: (X1) representing the ratio of return to fixed assets, (X2) representing the ratio of fixed assets to total assets, and (X3) representing the ratio of fixed assets to total liabilities.

The research aims to highlight the nature of the relationship between marketing communications and its impact on enhancing customer loyalty. The research is being applied in the field to a sample of employees of Al-Zakra Travel and Tourism Company in Najaf, through a questionnaire form for the purpose of collecting data and distributing it to the sample members, with the help of scientific means and programs in order to reach the most important results that benefit the research and achieve its goals. The research has reached a set of conclusions. The most prominent of which is that marketing communications play an important role in enhancing customer loyalty in the Business organizations, which reflects positively on their market share and increasing their profits. The research sets a set of scientific recommendations, most notably the need to adapt the dimensions of marketing communications according to the company's work and use them to enhance customer loyalty in a holistic manner that achieves its goals.

This research seeks to identify the dimensions of the (DCA) methodology for corporate strategic planning, which is one of the modern and innovative tools and methods of strategic planning with the aim of bridging the knowledge gap represented by the lack of standard dimensions through which the sub-dimensions can be studied, measured and tested when studying this methodology as a variable that affects and is affected by the activities and processes of institutional strategic planning. The research relies on a descriptive-analytical method, as it relied on a practical application to develop an integrated strategic plan using the (DCA) methodology in one of the government service institutions that represented the research community (Directorate of Karbala Holy Roads and Bridges), in which the opinions of the researched sample were studied and analyzed, which was an intentional sample represented by all employees in that directorate who hold a bachelor's degree or above, and whose opinion was surveyed by a measurement tool (questionnaire) prepared by the researchers to obtain the data are necessary to study the sub-dimensions of that modern methodology of strategic planning approaches.

The study aims to show the impact of the application of e-business technologies as an independent variable by excluding them (electronic infrastructures, application of e-business systems for the hospital, health information systems), on the quality of service as an approved variable through its dimensions (reliability, time, response, confirmation), and considering the importance of the subject in the health sector and its impact on the lives of most people, so the research was conducted in 3) public hospitals in Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, where the opinions of a sample of (200) were surveyed.This was done through questionnaires as a main tool in obtaining data and information, as well as personal interviews, as well as Arab and foreign sources and references, while the statistical methods used in the study are the statistical program (SPSS). V.20, Amos.v.20 (such as natural distribution, factor analysis, structural equation modeling, variance hypothesis testing to extract results.

This study aims to identify the impact of active leadership in its dimensions (achieving organizational goals, making objective decisions, motivating employees, empowering employees, building teamwork, resolving organizational conflicts) in crisis management represented by its dimensions (detecting warning signals, preparedness and prevention, containment of damages, restoring activity, learning).
The study adopted the quantitative methodology in analyzing the data, and the scientifically refereed questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data consisting of (89) items, and the Najaf Health Department was the field for the application of the study. The sample size of the quantitative analysis reached (112) from the senior and middle administrative leaders in the Najaf Ashraf Health Department, where the study included the community of the Department of Health represented by its health institutions of (9) hospitals, (20) and twenty centers and clinics. The study used various statistical methods to analyze the data by adopting appropriate statistical programs (,SMARTPLS23SPSSV).

The concept of place connection has received increasing attention since the beginning of the nineties of the last century, especially with regard to its relationship to city planning, as one of the disciplines in which places are created for people, and because this concept is closely related to mobilizing society to support or oppose new urban planning projects, or redevelopment projects, researchers have differed between those who considered this concept to be a one-dimensional concept consisting of one dimension, which is the identity of the place, and those who saw it as a multidimensional concept, without Therefore, this research has tried to reach the dimensions that make up the connection to place by addressing the theories that explained it, and focusing on the common concepts between these theories through which the dimensions of the connection to place have been derived, which form the conceptual model of the connection to place. Therefore, the research problem was summarized in the lack of clarity of the dimensions that make up the connection to place, to achieve the research goal of reaching a conceptual model of the dimensions that make up the connection to place.

The research tool was to adopt successive logical steps for integration based on the literature of the two systems by dividing the organizational structure of the General Company for Rubber Industries and Tires into appropriate responsibility centers that facilitate the processes of imposing control, determining the level of performance, and dividing the company's resources into four resource pools and five main activities, with the application of appropriate accounting measures that contribute to helping to improve the company's performance. The research aims to generate an integrated management accounting system resulting from the integration of the resource consumption accounting system and the liability accounting system for the purpose of improving the efficiency of the performance of economic units in general and economic units operating in the industrial sector in particular.

The present research aims to identify the effectiveness of the concentration and classification strategies in modifying the alternative perceptions of biology for fifth grade students, and the following hypotheses have been formulated:
1) There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the first experimental group, which will be studied according to the concentration strategy, and the scores of the students of the control group, which will be studied according to the usual method of modifying alternative perceptions.
2) There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the second experimental group, which will be studied according to the classification strategy, and the scores of the students of the control group, which will be studied according to the usual method of modifying alternative perceptions.
The research population was represented by the fifth grade students in the Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyyah Day, and the sample was randomly selected in (D. Excellence for Boys), and the number of (89) students who were randomly selected.

Recent archaeological studies of Mesopotamian pottery have shown that the geometric decoration executed on the pottery of the Babylonian era is an extension of the previous phases in which he expressed inherited intellectual and artistic contents that he used to express what was going on in the artist's mind with various geometric motifs, including triangles, squares, rhombuses, as well as broken lines, and that these shapes were executed with colors extracted from natural and chemical sources, including black, red, and greenish-brown, and the artist was creative in choosing the basic material represented in clay and what is added to it of materials for the purpose of reinforcement, making it a more cohesive material and capable of showing the artistic and obedient aesthetic at the stage of its manufacture on a fast-rotating wheel, the method of shaping and coloring, and the precision of the decoration executed on the surfaces of the pottery, and that these decorations were commensurate with the shape and size of the pottery, its uses, and the historical stage to which it belongs .