The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
This research aims to explore the human condition in the poetry of a group of pre-Islamic poets known for their focus on issues related to humanity and its life in the pre-Islamic environment. The vagabonds were at the forefront of the literary race, and their poetry was not devoid of human values embedded in their poetic discourse. Values of courage, generosity, benevolence, and courage were clearly evident in their poetic output, representing the unique characteristics of human life and the attempt to survive in the midst of pre-Islamic life, which was not without its risks.

Abstract:-
Work is a profession or trade, earning a living through lawful means, and providing for one's family and daily life. The topic of work and workers is a jurisprudential topic worthy of highlighting in accordance with the rules of Islamic law.
I discussed work and the worker in Islamic law, and mentioned Quranic verses that encourage work and the worker.

Abstract:-
The topic of rights occupied a wide area in the Islamic thought, to include all of members of society, men and women, young and old, especially those rights that relate to the children, as the child, according to the Islamic vision, has an important status in forming family and society, and an important reason for the perpetuation of human species. The research sheds light on one of the topics of the child's rights, which is his right to alimony, which is considered one of his financial rights. This comes in the context of researching for Qur'anic and narrative foundations to prove children's rights. The research starts in showing the Qur'anic verses that dealt with the child's right in alimony, then honored narrations that established this right, as well as showing the explanatory implications of them using the sayings of commentators and jurists to reveal their meanings and determine their objects.

Abstract:-
Interpretation is one of the semantic tributaries from which many poets and writers have drawn, and relied on in many of their texts; an attempt to enrich their texts, and make them more influential on the recipient, as it refers to the poet\\'s culture and the river from which he draws, as no poet can start from nothing, but he must have a cultural stock to rely on; to illuminate the text, gain it quality, raise the level of its performance or its status, and give it richness and splendor, as it gives the creative experience an artistic and aesthetic feature; and a high literary spirit. Through this interpretation, the poet\\'s culture and diversity emerge, and his knowledge of the multiple cultures that serve his poetic experience is manifested. Here comes the researcher\\'s task in how to dive into the depths of the text; to reveal those cultures that the poet used to convey his ideas. We found that we are facing a poetic experience full of diverse interpretations.

Abstract:-
Prayers for wrists represent a rich religious and cultural heritage, characterized by stylistic and aesthetic features that affect the recipient, whether he is a reader or a listener. These prayers include verses recited to the infallible imams (peace be upon them) (Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Imam Reza, Imam Kadhim and Imams of Baqi') compiled by Shaykh Ibn Qawlawayh al-Qummi in his book. It is worth mentioning that I relied on the version edited by Sheikh Jawad Al-Qayoumi, which was published by the Foundation for the Dissemination of Jurisprudence, in its third edition issued in (1442 AH), as this copy has few spelling and typographical errors, and includes supplications for the wrists narrated by the imams (peace be upon them) in varying proportions. The percentage of prayers narrated by Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) (73%), the percentage of prayers narrated by Imam Reza (peace be upon him) (13%), and the percentage of prayers narrated by Imam Hadi (peace be upon him) (13%).
The aim of this research to identify the semantic level in the visits of the infallibles in the book full visits through the detection of rhetorical stylistic positions of analogy, metaphor and metonymy, and the research found that the image is one of the most important effective semantic pillars in the semantic level of the texts of visits, it was a means indicating the meaning, including the elements and components, whether reality or emotion and all these components met to show the aesthetic and spiritual energy in those texts, which was manifested in the style of metaphor and analogy and metonymy.

Abstract:-
After the Islamic conquests of Andalusia, military bases became widely spread, as it is a tight military base, relying on advanced combat tools, in line with the momentum present in the region, this is what prompted Muslims not to ignore this matter, they armed their military teams in line with The nature of the environment in the region, and weapons of various uses appeared, according to what the city or the Kasbah required, so the study showed the types of weapons, including defensive weapons and offensive weapons There are types of defensive weapons, some of which are light, as the fighter carries them while moving on the battlefield, and some are heavy, there must be a means of carrying or transporting them. Additionally, there are sea weapons known as ships that were used in the Maghreb and Andalusia in particular, because most of their cities overlook the sea, and reach from the Maghreb and the Levant. Being dangerous and confront Christian attacks, factories were built to manufacture them, and special weapons were used to suit their offensive and defensive situations.
and to keep pace with the enemies in their armament and martial art and superiority over them to achieve victory over them. Thus, heavy weapons and armour showed the diversity of means of transportation, the development of the art of war, and the expansion of the army, which required the establishment of an administrative system. They worked to arm their military teams in line with the environmental nature of Area.

Abstract:-
The significance of the study lies in identifying the level of fundamental skills for the purpose of developing them in a manner consistent with the requirements of the game of basketball in order to identify them and work to provide all female students with adequate information. It also involves overcoming the negative aspects of learning after diagnosing them in order to evaluate and develop them in a manner consistent with the requirements of the required motor task. This puts the knowledge and skills necessary to get the optimal technical performance and ultimately attain athletic success within their reach.

Abstract:-
The research examines the impact of the natural environment on the poetic imagination of Andalusian female poets from the perspective of ecofeminist criticism, which is concerned with studying the special relationship between women and nature in literary texts. It explores their representations that reveal the characteristics of rhetorical metaphors and concepts represented in this type of poetry. The researcher employed the principles and tools of eco -criticism in the study to demonstrate the depth of the relationship between the Andalusian poetess and the scenes of the natural environment, and the shared ideologies in shaping the ethical environmental vision. This was achieved through an applied practice on the poetry of several Andalusian nature poets.

Abstract:-
It is the separation of one spouse from the other, and scholars of jurisprudence have defined it as: “dissolving the marriage contract with an explicit word, or a metaphor with the intention, and the words for explicit divorce are: (divorce, separation, and release). The metaphor is: “every word that implies divorce and other things,” such as: “al-haqqi.” With your family, or I have nothing to do with you, and so on. If he intends to divorce him, then it is valid, otherwise it is not. His method is for a man of sound mind to pronounce the word “divorce” or “the oath of divorce” in front of his wife in her presence or in her absence, or to pronounce it before the judge in her absence in accordance with the law of Islam and most of its schools of thought. In pre-Islamic times, before the advent of Islam, the Arabs used to divorce their wife as long as they wanted. If her waiting period was about to expire, he would take her back and then divorce her. There are many types of divorce, zihar divorce, idiom divorce, ilaa divorce, khula divorce, Divorce and its rulings according to the Sunnis and the community, as the Holy Qur’an specifies divorce twice as a temporary divorce, as the husband can take back his wife if she has not exceeded the waiting period, which is three months, to ensure that pregnancy does not occur, but if he divorces her three times, he cannot return to her until she gets married. She married another man with the intention of staying with the new husband, then if her new husband divorced her, the old husband could take her back with a new dowry and contract. There are many types according to the Sunnis: minor and major divorce, divorce, and divorce by the judge. Irrevocable divorce: It is every divorce that the husband has no right to retract except with a new contract and a new dowry, or after she marries another husband. Irrevocable divorce is of six types: the divorce of someone with whom the marriage is consummated, the divorce of a desperate woman, the divorce of a minor, the divorce of a divorced woman, and the divorce of a divorced woman. Divorcing a divorced woman shall be done three times, with two taking them back. Revocable divorce: It is every divorce that has recourse without renewing a contract, and the author of Al-Masalik (d. 996 AH) defined it by saying: What was legally revocable, even if revocation did not occur, with the exception of the six categories Divorce according to the Twelver Shiites: Divorce has several sections according to the Shiites, which are: The first section: Sections of divorce based on the mandatory ruling. The second section: Sections of divorce based on the positive ruling.

Abstract:-
Concept is one of the fundamental that was put on the table of the fundamental research since the emergence of fundamentalism as a science independent of the Fiqh. The importance of the research of the concept lies as being one of the topics of words, as the research of the concept is one of the topics of verbal binding connotation. When the concept is proved as a language and its validity is proved legally, many legal rulings can be derived.
Therefore, researching the concept lies in terms of its definition and elements that constitute its realism and its authority which can be relied upon in the process of deduction.
Since the research was about the nature of the concept and the elements of its realization in the books of the two parties of fundamentalists, the research came to review a set of opinions of both parties on the meaning and validity of the concept.
The opinions of many prominent figures from both parties, both ancient and contemporary, were mentioned to indicate the extent of the importance of this research in the view of the fundamentalists.

Abstract:-
The poem of lament occupied a wide area of the ancient Arab heritage. It represented one of the most important outlets for expressing the poet’s feelings and his position on death and its inevitability. Connoisseurs of criticism and its critics in the past received this style of poetry in a way that reflects its importance and the depth of its influence on them due to the prevailing honesty of its models compared to other poetic purposes.
In the Umayyad era, the reception of the elegy manifested itself in two main trends: the official criticism, which was represented by the critical readings in which the caliphs and those within their orbit treated the poem of elegy with approval, disapproval, or idealization, and the unofficial criticism in which other critics looked at that poem in isolation from the vision of the Umayyad court and what it was presenting. Of convictions.
The Umayyad caliphs received the poem of lamentation less enthusiastically than they received praise, because lamentation contains a reminder of death that might disturb the luxurious life they were living. With the exception of Omar bin Abdul Aziz, who dealt with the elegy with a religious understanding and sincere human feeling, the rulings of the rest of the caliphs on it remained the same. A political color, whether in representing elegiac meanings sometimes or in approving the elegiac text and directing commentary on it at other times.
The reception of the elegiac text by the Umayyad caliphs was based more on the subject of the poem and its meanings than on its other artistic elements, and this is not surprising at all because the value of the poem in the old critical perspective was linked to the content before the form, and because the elegy has psychological motives that make the poet and the recipient both focus primarily on the contents. This is what the Umayyad caliphs did in their criticism and reception of it.

Abstract:-
The fourth century AH in the Abbasid era is considered one of the most prosperous and advanced Islamic eras. The question here is, “What is the status of women in Islamic civilization in the fourth century AH?” We see the status of women in Islamic civilization as important, as Islamic civilization reached its peak, and accordingly, the status of women in society rose until they were able to obtain all their full rights, whether political, economic, social or cultural. As a result of enjoying these rights, they greatly influenced society in various fields, and were also influenced by the general trend that characterized the Abbasid state with a character of luxury and extravagance. The study clarified the impact of women in scientific life, as many of them were keen to seek and teach knowledge, and others supported knowledge and scholars, such as the wives of the caliphs and their mothers. Women also cared about social facilities and endowments were made for them. They also had a role in public life through their practice of some professions and crafts, and the freedom to own money and be responsible for what they own without anyone having guardianship over them and their property. The study also showed the impact of concubines and their status in Abbasid society.

Abstract:-
The principles of the indicative approach are considered important principles, as interpreters, especially the proponents of this approach, have relied on them, including the theory of the spirit of meaning and the theory of the correspondence between the Book of Recording and the Book of Genesis, as they are important theories, as the theory of the spirit of meaning is linked to the interpretations of scholars and mystics, especially in the world of the Qur’anic text, as it contributes to understanding and interpreting the Holy Qur’an and the issue of the inner meanings of the Qur’an, and is related to the issue of placing words to express the deep meanings of the Qur’an, and this theory arose as a result of the issue of similar words in the Qur’an, and focused on words that refer to metaphysical phenomena, such as the pen, the scale, the chair, the throne, and the like, which speak of material concepts, although they actually refer to metaphysical concepts, especially since there is nothing like God, it is not possible for these words to express his material position, which prompted some scholars to create the theory of the spirit of meaning to solve this problem. As well as the theory of the correspondence of the book of recording and formation, everything in the Holy Quran, which is considered the book of recording, has a reflection in the world of formation, as the words of creation that have a moral existence and a real existence, so the sky, the earth, the land, the sea and the mountains are moral words of creation and they are real, because they were created by God Almighty, as He, the Almighty, said: (Our word to a thing when We intend it is only that We say to it, "Be," and it is) so the material creation is identical to the moral creation, so His saying (Be, and it is) there is no time interval between creation and existence, and all beings have the same identical existence because they are the words that He, the Almighty, created, and this existence and creation is not specific to the worldly world, but to the worldly world and includes the world of kingship, kingdom, and power.
So we tried in this research to shed light on these two theories and to know the extent of their influence on the Quranic understanding.

Abstract:-
The study entitled: The components of the integration of nations in the Qur’anic text and realistic and ideal educational theories is a comparative study, and through the researcher’s adoption of the descriptive comparative method, to make an objective comparison between the data and rulings revealed in the revelation towards a realistic integration of the individual, society and nation and what humans theorized through their limited vision of incomplete theories, and through which real integration cannot be reached, but rather caused a cultural and realistic conflict on the international level, which in itself divides the group and disperses the whole, while we find that the Qur’anic revelation came on the pace of unity, unification and integration, as God Almighty said: (Indeed, this is your nation, one nation, and I am your Lord, so worship Me) Al-Anbiya/92. The standard of integration that God Almighty called for is the oneness of the Creator and His call to the unity of the worshipped. He also said: (And We did not send before you any messenger except that We revealed to him, “There is no god except Me, so worship Me”) Al-Anbiya’/25. And from the international integration in the Qur’an is that the call of the prophets is one, as their primary mission is to call to the oneness of God and then to worship Him. Despite the existence of human diversity, this diversity necessitates acquaintance and then integration, and there is no standard for preference in that except piety to God, as God Almighty said: (O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, The most honorable of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Aware (Al-Hujurat: 13). The verse shows acquaintance and integration on the basis of piety. As for educational theories.

Abstract:-
The new Iraqi media became pioneers in the field of media and influence in contemporary societies later on, crossing local cultures and nationalities, transcending the borders of continents, and their influence and effectiveness extended beyond the borders of countries and their sovereignty and independence, which led to the creation of innovative trends for positive and collective interactions between everyone and all civilizations. Today’s media is universal media. Because of its development and effectiveness, it is global and is no longer a local science as it was before. It has now played an important, effective and influential role in shaping and forming public opinion trends and increasing the political awareness of peoples. The new Iraqi media is considered the link between the decision maker and the public, and it influences and influences the political, economic and social system. The media in our modern world suffers from the problem of dependency on the ruling authority, through the severe censorship practiced by the regimes, as the media shapes public opinion through a series of influences. It is practiced on members of society, ending with gathering their satisfaction and agreement on specific points on specific issues.

Abstract:-
The institutional structures of energy policy in Iraq in the Ministries of Electricity and Oil have a major impact on energy policies and how energy tasks are managed in Iraq. The research addressed the nature of energy policies through some definitions of public policy, how public policy can be viewed , how policy making works , and what is the degree of involvement of the official institution in formulating public policy. Then, we discussed energy policy and the types of energy y policies of producing and consuming countries. We discussed, also, the institutional structure of energy policies in Iraq, and what assessment of energy performance and what tools of weakness of this sector. In the end, we discussed the criticism of energy policy methods and approaches in Iraq, and then the conclusion.

Abstract:-
One climatic factor that has an impact on plant life is temperature. It has an impact on all of the plants physiological and essential functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and the uptake of nutrients and water. Thus, temperature affects when agricultural crops are planted and mature throughout the year, as well as how widely they spread. The plant requires various temperatures at each stage of its existence.
As a plant grows, it needs higher temperatures during the vegetative development phase and lower temperatures during the germination phase. Consequently, a greater temperature is needed for the maturity phase than for the blossoming phase. Based on this, a plant was discovered in an area lacking... Other in accordance with the thermal needs provided in those places, which control the plant's development and spread and have an impact on its essential functions. In order to identify climate locations that are suited for the growth of these industrial crops, the study demonstrated the application of statistical coefficients of standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variation.
The layout of these zones according to crop kind and how well suited they are for the locations where they are produced. The growth of agricultural crops has been studied, and the results have shown that each type of crop has basic thermal limits, or a minimum, maximum, and optimal temperature. This means that each plant has thermal requirements that increase and decrease as it reaches its maximum and lowest points.
Plant crops must navigate three thermal limits: minimum growth temperature, maximum growth temperature, and optimal growth temperature. The minimum growth temperature starts growth and stops if it falls, while the maximum growth temperature ensures maximum photosynthesis, flowering, and fruiting.

Abstract:-
The research aims to know and trace the methods through which female and male slaves are obtained, and it attempts to show the role that slavers played in order for them to reach Muslim countries, as those slavers made a lot of effort and spent a lot of time traveling and traveling in order to obtain them according to Certain specifications were present in their minds, as they were experts in taste Arabs and the specifications they wanted, and as a result, many of their own markets were formed, which were known as slave markets. The research also showed society’s view of female and male slaves and talked about their social status. Some of the female slaves reached the position of favor among the rulers and governors, and some of them acquired a great deal of knowledge and culture, which made them the subject of respect and appreciation for those who owned them, and others were merely servile servants with no power or power.

Abstract:-
The purpose of the research is to know the reality of evaluating the technical skills of workers in the men’s ready-made clothes factory، applying the research on an intentional sample of customers who are (owners of commercial agencies) in four provinces (Najaf، Babil، Karbala، Diwaniyah).، their opinions were analyzed by adopting scientific statistical tools through the use of the statistical program (SPSS)، so it is expected that the research will benefit from digital indicators inspired by the applied reality that lead to providing information for the men’s ready-made clothes lab، as the research reached a conclusion that the sample has the lowest percentage Understand the techniques required in the field of marketing.

Abstract:-
Aims research Identify measurement of Trust levels three dimensions (individual confidence, group trust, organizational confidence) according Duuink-Crocgker curve by identifying levels cultural individuals with their experiences and self-knowledge, which is determined by adopting four stages in trend for individuals working in Kufa cement plant adopting stratified sample Styles represented by department heads, people and unit officials and decision-makers, (135) questionnaires were distributed to a sample of Kufa cement Factory employees, & number of retrieved questionnaires was (130), of which (120) were valid statistical analysis, & A response rate ( 95%), and analyzed by statistical software (SMES).

Abstract:-
The critique of postmodern Egyptian literature represents an important topic for understanding the intellectual and artistic transformations that have impacted Egyptian literature in recent decades. Hussam Nayel is one of the prominent critics who has explored this critical approach in Egyptian literature. His works are distinguished by an in-depth analytical perspective on literary texts through the lens of postmodernism. Nayel adopts deconstruction and cultural criticism as methods to understand literary texts within their social and political contexts. His contributions provide an opportunity to grasp how Egyptian literature engages with issues such as identity and belonging in a time of global change.

Abstract:-
The Connectivity is considered an aspect of the consistency of texts. Texts are not devoid of the various connecting tools that contribute to its cohesion. The Connectivity is a way in which the subsequent is linked to the previous in an organized manner. The researchers "Halliday" and "Ruqayya Hassan" divided the Connectivity into four sections: additional, reverse, causal, and temporal. The Connectivity has great importance in achieving textual coherence at the level of words, sentences, paragraphs, and the entire text, because it strengthens the causes between sentences and makes the sequences interconnected.
The Connectivity aesthetic goal is achieved in expressing the idea clearly, to reach the addressee in beauty and clarity. The poet, according to Sheikh Jaafar, used all the linking tools to show the beauty of the meaning, and to give the text a semantic movement that brings together the components of the text and returns them to the center, allowing the harmony and coherence of these components despite their distance. It is a participation between two elements, the second of which refers to the first and is linked to it. The Connectivity is one of the methods of connecting speech to each other and forming a major textual unit. These tools contributed to the textual coherence in the poetry of Sheikh Jaafar, which made the text an interconnected, harmonious, interwoven network that achieves the communicative function.

Abstract:-
Ibn Khaldun's "Muqaddimah" has had a tremendous impact on social science, providing a new analytical perspective on historical events and social phenomena, and establishing a new field of study called Urbanism. According to Ibn Khaldun, societies evolve under the influence of the laws of the natural world, which he divided into three distinct stages: formation, prosperity, and decline. Furthermore, he outlined the nomadic and pastoral stages, as well as the agricultural and urban stages, each with its unique circumstances and accompanying social and economic changes. Furthermore, he shed light on the basic elements of society, which include the tribe, authority, livelihood, and economy. The term "tribe" refers to tribal solidarity, "authority" denotes the forces and mechanisms that govern society, while "livelihood" and "economy" refer to the means of meeting society's needs and distributing wealth.
This paper explores concepts such as urbanism, power, traditions, Bedouins, and settlers, and their significance in the growth and decline of societies. It examines the phases of the formation of different societies, starting from the nomadic stage, which represents early society formation, to the urban stage, which represents more developed societies. The paper also investigates the social and economic changes that accompany each stage.

Abstract:-
This study examines the roots of happiness and misery as discussed in the Qur'an. It aims to offer guidance on how to achieve happiness by adhering to the teachings of the Qur'an and avoiding the causes of misery، which include neglecting minor sins. The study underscores that true happiness comes from seeking the pleasure of Allah and following His guidance، while misery results from distancing oneself from Him. The research identifies Qur'anic examples that illustrate the paths to both happiness and misery، emphasizing that the Qur'an provides comprehensive advice on achieving happiness in this world and the Hereafter. The study is divided into three parts: the theoretical concepts of happiness and misery، their usage in the Qur'an، and their causes and manifestations according to the Qur'anic perspective.

Abstract:-
This research aims to show that the Holy Qur'an, despite its commitment with the general customary controls, however, in order to inform some of its purposes, it employed a kind of speech which does not commit with the general customary controls, this is due to its accuracy and its effective and important role in guiding people. Since they are not subject to the general understanding controls, they are not directed to them directly, even they are understandable below the level of the understanding of the infallible. This reflected in the expression of a set of narrations, as (interpretation , the scholars know), and (no one knows it except for one whose mind is clear, his senses are gentle, and his discernment is correct), and (for the properties), which are the representation of facts beyond the word of which thw word is an expression, such as the concept in the fundamental term, the metaphorical meaning, the associative meaning, and the objective meaning, they have a special meaning that is proportional to the ability and ability of the direct addressee, such as the linguistic meaning, whether morphological or grammatical, and the contextual meaning to the degree of necessity or warning.

Abstract:-
The location of the city of Almeria played a major role in the Muslims' conquest, as it controlled international trade routes because it is a coastal city, as it is located on the Mediterranean Sea. This played a pivotal role in its conquest in late 92 AH / 710 AD, and it remained in their possession until 542 AH / 1147 AD, as the Christians were able to control it and seize it from the Muslims. This was its first fall, but it did not last long, as the latter were able to return it to Islamic rule in 552 AH / 1157 AD, and it remained in their possession until 895 AH / 1489 AD, until the Christians seized it in the aforementioned year. This was its second and final fall.
The research dealt with the stages of the fall of the city of Almería, and its material required dividing it into three sections. In the first section, we shed light on the historical geography of the city of Almería until the year 484 AH / 1091 AD. It included the location, the Islamic conquest, and a historical overview until the establishment of the Almoravid state.
in Andalusia in the year 484 AH / 1091 AD, due to its importance in understanding the developments of subsequent events. The second section dealt with the first fall of the city in the year 542 AH / 1147 AD at the hands of the Christians as a result of a large crusade, followed by its recovery by the Almohads. The third section dealt with the second and final fall of the city at the hands of the Christians in the year 895 AH / 1489 AD during the era of the Banu al-Ahmar state.

Abstract:-
One of the important economic issues that has been neglected to a great extent is the pathology of economics from the perspective of the Holy Quran. In this article, we have discussed one of the most important economic damages. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of "the sovereignty of the unfits" on the economy of people and society from the perspective of the Holy Quran. And the results of this study should be presented to scientific communities, economic experts and Islamic government officials.This study was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach, with a library method as a jack in the scope of the verses of the Holy Quran. And this research is related to the individual, social and governance economics of the Islamic society. In addition to the Holy Quran, the sources used in this research are exegesis books, especially contemporary commentaries and some texts that have been written and have been created. This research shows that identifying and combating pests and economic damages that have been discussed in the Holy Quran is the main way of establishing and formulating a healthy economy and providing the happiness of the world and the hereafter of man. Also, recognizing economic damages based on revelation can help to identify and present the right solutions in this regard. To avoid the many problems and impasse that other human societies, especially Western societies, have been plagued with. The general conclusion of this research is that if the people of society and the authorities are indifferent to the Quranic teachings of economics and ignore them, their livelihoods and economy will be deteriorated and damaged. And the way out of these problems is to revert to the teachings of the Qur'an.

Abstract:-
Textual coherence has occupied a prominent position in the aesthetics of the text and its meaning, and it also has a pivotal position in all studies that dealt with text linguistics and discourse analysis as the main condition for a certain speech to be a text. There is no text without coherence, and in all elements of coherence we find meaning and aesthetics. Based on that, this research sought, benefiting from the descriptive-analytical approach, to shed light on the role of reference in the poetry of Noureddine Darwish, the contemporary Algerian poet, and reached the following results: The types of reference contributed to the textual coherence in Noureddine Darwish's poetry, and these references form in the mind of the recipient a clear and detailed image of what he listens to or reads, because the poet continues to spread an atmosphere of strong connection between the text and his external world; In other words, through the transition of the future of the text from the inside to the outside through situational references, the role played by situational reference in establishing the basis of the relationship between the text and the outside or the situation with its various elements becomes clear, depending on the fact that the function of language is to express different situations with its capabilities capable of doing so. Since patriotism dominates his poetry, the absent pronoun was a curtain behind which the poet speaks to show the extent of the tragedy that the Jarayris were experiencing under colonialism and occupation. Darwish used many comparative tools, especially all similes and the superlative in its standard weight (af’al), and they played a role in the consistency of the text between the linguistic elements either inside or outside the text. What increases the coherence and style of the text is the multiplicity of references with the demonstrative pronoun. As for the words, they match the poet's feelings, as they depict his sorrows and pains resulting from the harshness of time, and leave a profound impact on the reader's soul.

Abstract:-
The research aims to study the need for new monetary instruments in accordance with Islamic law to keep pace with contemporary changes in the monetary system in Iraq in light of contemporary economic crises. Through monetary, financial and real indicators, and studying the possibility of finding alternative Islamic instruments for traditional monetary instruments. The research problem was that monetary policy in Iraq faces a major challenge represented by the necessity of developing monetary policy instruments in Iraq that are effective and compatible with the provisions of Islamic law, as relying on a fixed interest rate without considering the real sector and the real economy cannot solve the problem of high inflation, savings, income, investment, and economic growth. The importance of the research lies in its attempt to prove that the Central Bank of Iraq can practice its monetary policy effectively; in light of an Islamic economic system based on the principle of justice, stability and efficiency, where the monetary policy of the Central Bank of Iraq can achieve its goals through its proposed quantitative and qualitative tools. The research also assumed that the expected potential profit rate (participatory) as an alternative to the interest rate is very important to organize the procedures and mechanisms of monetary policy to reach its ultimate goals. According to the intellectual, scientific and logical foundations and starting points of Taylor's rule for monetary policy enhanced by the Islamic dimension.
To achieve the objectives of the research and prove its hypotheses, the analytical, descriptive and quantitative approach was used, as a scientifically acceptable proposal was developed on an Islamic formulation of the monetary policy rule according to the intellectual, scientific and logical foundations and starting points of Taylor's rule for monetary policy for the possibility of shifting from a positive monetary policy to an Islamic monetary policy in the Iraqi economy (using several indicators through which we can investigate the relationship of the variables of the function with each other during the study period), and using the joint integration relationships and the Ardel model, and quarterly data were adopted for the variables of the study model for the period q12010-q42022 and using the program (Eviews13),

Abstract:-
Reasoning and its sources are among the most important aspects of the jurist's deduction process. Therefore, in this research, we have focused on one of the sources of reasoning, namely, the elimination of specificity. We began by defining the nature and essence of the cause ('illah) to enable the reader to grasp our intended meaning. We then explored the reality of eliminating specificity and its meaning in the terminology of the Usuli scholars. The most important evidence relied upon when eliminating specificity is based on established precedent and consensus (ijma'). The fundamental condition for eliminating the specificity of a text is the certainty that the specificity is relevant to the ruling; otherwise, the principle of reasoning could not be applied to it, even if it were not moderate. The assumption is that its absence is conceivable, and all the aforementioned conditions revolve around this one. Factors influencing the elimination of specificity include the generalization of rulings and their non-exclusivity, the fact that what is mentioned in the wording of the evidence is merely illustrative, and the knowledge of its absence, such as the rulings not being specific to certain individuals. These are some of the factors that influence the elimination of specificity. It is important to note that the elimination of specificity is a concept distinct from the concept of refining the basis (tanqih al-manat) or negating the distinction (nafi' al-fariq), and I have mentioned the differences between them in the two schools of thought, including the school of the followers of Ahl al-Bayt. (Peace be upon them) and the school of the Caliphs.

Abstract: -
Shia believe that with the advent of Imam Mahdi (AS), a single world government will be formed, and the basis of the verses and narrations of this government will be in the hands of Muslims and the righteous. In the era of the advent, the dominant religion is Islam. In that era, people will tend towards Islam in groups. However, since humans have free will and there is no compulsion in accepting the Mahdi government in the era of the advent, some Muslims, as well as some followers of other religions (Jews and Christians), do not convert to Islam and insist on their beliefs. In these circumstances, some believe that Imam Mahdi (AS) has led them by insurrection, force, and terror, which is not consistent with the spirit of Islam. Or that Imam Mahdi will achieve this goal through cultural transformation. Issues such as the intellectual development of people in the era of the advent, the type of opponents of Imam Mahdi (AS), the goals of Imam Mahdi (AS), the expectations of Shia Imams from the uprising of Imam Mahdi (AS), the killing of leaders and promoters of corruption and misguidance, the tireless efforts of Imam and his companions, and religious discourse, all support this theory. Considering that the Imam of the Time (peace be upon him) will rise with the aim of spreading the religion of Islam, and his character is the same as the character of the Messenger of God, and the means of his success are the same as the means of the Messenger of God's success, he will begin and expand his work with cultural transformation, just like the Messenger of God, and will institutionalize it throughout the earth. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method and cites verses from the Quran and authentic narrations to confirm the second view.

Abstract: -
The science of Quranic readings is one of the important sciences that Muslim scholars have been interested in since the first era at the hands of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) and his honorable companions until this day. A large number of Muslim scholars have prepared for it to serve it by memorizing, interpreting, explaining its secrets, uncovering its subtleties, clarifying its meanings, deducing its rulings, and what it contains of masterpieces and explanations. They have followed every small and large thing related to the Book of God Almighty. Also, choosing the linguistic interpretation method that is surrounded by a group of analytical studies that have addressed the Holy Quran with research and consideration, whether in its linguistic structure; or in its structures and styles; or its meanings and connotations of its words; or the conditions of its grammar; or the effect of directing the aspects of the readings; In light of the linguistic heritage inherited from the Arabs, the study aims to stand on the role of linguistic links using the tools and letters of connection that are necessary in forming the structure of the Qur’anic text, and the impact of the directions of readings that they cause in the interpretive process of the Holy Qur’an, and I preferred in the research to be two sides, one of which is theoretical, which addressed the subject of directing Qur’anic readings, and the research included an applied study on models of verses, and aspects of Qur’anic readings, and resulted in revealing the role that these linguistic links play intentionally by influencing the directions of Qur’anic readings, and its benefit in the difference in the resources of interpretation among interpreters.

Abstract:-
This research is based on understanding the historical scientific reality associated with the Shiite educational system and the reflection of the Imamate discourse on this system, which focuses on the duration of the Imamate of the two truthful ones, peace be upon them. This educational system has several dimensions. The research here revolves around its dimension on the educational level of spreading jurisprudence and knowledge towards those who disagree with the doctrine and the details that result from that. Its other dimension revolves around the ideas and beliefs of the extremists and the protection of the rumor from those extremists. Its other dimension revolves around the teaching methods and places of education. Its other dimension revolves around the teachers and students and their role as the people of fatwa and jurisprudence, the people of consensus. The specialty of the companions of the truthful ones was the students of knowledge and learning who would take the narrations and hadiths from the two Imams and spread them among their students and the community to establish a social, cultural and intellectual life free from corruption and far from what is forbidden. Their goal was to spread the narrations about the people of the house. The Shiite scholars who studied under the two truthful ones, peace be upon them, and who graduated from them are among the best companions of the Imams who played a major role in spreading knowledge and hadiths. Among them were those who had consensus, people of fatwa, jurisprudence, hadith and theologians, from whom many narrations were transmitted about the people of the house (peace be upon them), and who specialized in Imam al-Baqir and Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon them) and narrated many things about their sciences. The companions of the two truthful ones, peace be upon them, were interested in that after the death of the Noble Prophet (may God bless him and his family).
The Shiite Imams have assumed the responsibility of teaching their followers the rulings of religion and spreading Islamic knowledge, exploiting all available means in different times and places, with the aim of preserving religion and guiding the Islamic community. Mosques, schools, and holy places have played a prominent role in spreading education, which has earned them a distinguished position in the educational path. Over time, other educational centers have emerged in Shiite history, including well-known centers in cities such as Lucknow in India. However, these centers have not been subjected to sufficient studies that clarify their strengths and weaknesses or the extent of their influence in the present.

Abstract:-
The inheritance system in Islam plays a significant role in achieving social and economic justice, with a particular focus on women's rights. This research is a comprehensive study aimed at exploring the role of inheritance in enhancing women's financial independence and their effective contribution to the family economy, in addition to emphasizing its impact on balancing social roles within the family. This study relies on an analytical approach to analyze the legal texts related to inheritance and compare them with modern legal systems in different countries. Through this analysis, we can understand how the inheritance system has evolved over the ages and its impact on the status of women in society. The study showed that the inheritance system in Islam helps reduce economic disparities among individuals and provides women with an independent income that enables them to make financial decisions concerning their lives with more independence and confidence. This financial independence enhances women's roles in society and increases their ability to contribute effectively to the family economy. Moreover, the inheritance system in Islam contributes to achieving social and economic balance between genders, leading to the stability of the family and society as a whole. This balance enhances family relationships and reduces tensions resulting from economic disparities. The study also addressed the negative effects that may arise from the application of the inheritance system in unfair ways, and how Islam can face these challenges through correct legal interpretations that ensure justice. Additionally, the study discussed how modern legal and administrative tools can be used to enhance the application of the inheritance system in a way that achieves the desired goals. Finally, the study concluded that the inheritance system in Islam is not only a means to achieve economic justice but also a powerful tool for achieving social balance and enhancing the status of women in society. Through understanding and correctly applying this system, societies can achieve higher levels of stability and social and economic progress.