journal of kufa studies center

Despite the actual participation of European countries in NATO, which is considered the main part of NATO, as well as the size of human and material losses incurred by European forces in NATO, the decision to withdraw came purely by the will of the United States, which the European countries did not have any opinion on, and even the zero hour was not determined, the American withdrawal from Afghanistan raised international and regional dimensions as well as reasons that were reflected on the Afghan interior, as the American withdrawal allowed many countries to intervene in Afghan affairs to gain interests. Qatar sought to invest in Kabul airport, as well as Turkey sought to find a foothold in Afghanistan in search of energy and benefit from the huge economic wealth that the region possesses, which are represented in oil, natural gas, coal and others, as well as some Arab Gulf countries welcomed this withdrawal, and some promised it as a recap for the Muslim civilization on the Western Cross as part of the clash of civilizations, and the American withdrawal also raised concern among the European Union countries about the increase in the volume of refugees and other dimensions of the withdrawal The American from Afghanistan.

The Journal of the Arab Language is one of the Iraqi magazines that was interested in the political issues of Iraq, as the magazine has reported many political facts and events since its inception, but it focused on the royal era of Iraq after its reissue in 1926, and it had full chapters to deal with various political affairs, called (The History of the Chronicles of the Month in Iraq and its vicinity), and it had its role in developing political awareness in Iraq, and a number of royal speeches as well as prime ministers emerged from its pages.
The magazine documented important and pivotal historical events from the modern and contemporary history of Iraq, as the magazine's publications coincided with the period of the British occupation of Iraq, i.e. the period of the rule of King Faisal I of Iraq, and the accompanying political conditions that had a great impact on Iraq's political future, as the magazine dealt with the formation of ministries and diplomatic relations between Iraq and the countries of the world from 1926 to 1931.

The United States of America chose to conclude the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944, to implement its strategy of achieving its interests through the results of the agreement, the international monetary system and through the agreement granted a privilege to the United States of America, as the US dollar was the main source of international reserves, and perhaps this privilege reassured the United States of America of its system of domination and leadership of the global capitalist economy and the imposition of the greatest amount of control and influence on the countries of the world. To remove any other country capable of intervening to impede the freedom of economic movement of the United States, after the economic devastation of the countries of Western Europe after the Second World War, and the latter's resort to the United States of America because of its dire need for the American economy, and to ask for aid and consensus for the reconstruction of the war-ravaged areas, and to rearrange and organize the foundations of international economic cooperation in the field of money, trade and investment, which were greatly affected by the destructive events of the war, like other activities of European life.

The history of Syria, extending from the French Mandate until 1963, is full of internal political and military events, during which many political and military figures emerged who had an active role in the country, including the leader Fawzi Salo, who began his military career in the twenties of the twenties of the twentieth century, and became one of the most prominent Syrian military experts after independence, and his role as a leader in the country did not stand out even when he headed the highest authority in the country, and this was due to his remarkable alliance with Adib al-Shishakli From the appointment of Slough as Minister of Defense to his accession to the positions of Prime Minister and Presidency of the Republic thanks to the military rule of Shishakli.

Religious scholars have played an important role in public life, and their role has not only been limited to guiding people regarding religious and ideological aspects, but we find many of them have developed in many methods and in multiple aspects of life that have made us benefit a lot from them, especially since the Islamic religion has urged and called for attention to the pursuit of science and modern technology, and to do continuous research and seek knowledge always. The Bahá'í Shaykh was one of those who followed this path until he became a scholar in many sciences such as mathematics, engineering, astronomy, architecture, as well as the religious, literary and linguistic sciences.

The Fatimid state in the Levant was exposed to a Turkish military danger that was not in mind and in fact confused its situation in Egypt and the state set its sights on eliminating this movement after resorting to several strategies, including political and military, where the Fatimid state provided large funds to spend on its campaigns that came out of Egypt in order to eliminate this movement after the matter of its owner became aggravated and his thorn was strengthened and his order was stabilized, and the people of Damascus who are angry with the Fatimid state rallied around his movement and supported him and swore an oath Thus, the personality of Iftikin al-Turki in the Levant amidst an atmosphere of enthusiasm after he achieved victories over the Fatimids, broke their soldiers and defeated them in Ashkelon, and it was clear that he had a high and brilliant reputation in the Fatimid court .

The impact of weather on commercial activities seems enormous and dangerous, and it varies according to the commercial activity, location, and the size and level of change in climate variables in the agricultural sector through the volume of basic commodities produced at the level of the country, not to mention their impact consequently on the quality and quality of these commodities and therefore their prices, so it became necessary to search for a tool that contributes partially or completely to addressing this problem, so weather derivatives were the proposed way as they are very wonderful modern innovative tools to transform the variables of balances Air is a commodity that can be traded in the markets and between customers in terms of buying and selling.
The research tries to propose and select the most successful strategies that can be adopted to eliminate or reduce the impact of volumetric risk of basic commodities by preparing potential financial engineering according to accurate mathematical scientific rules and procedures, and the rainfall level data for the studied countries (Iraq and Thailand) for the period (2006-2020) were collected, using a number of financial, mathematical and statistical methods.

The study deals with the presentation of the character in the Arabic novel, which is a necessary technique for the novel and narrative, and the way in which the novelist presents his characters in the novel, which means the way that helps to explain the features of the character\'s presentation through the events of the novel itself, and in this it depends on drawing the features of the character from the inside or outside, so that the character appears in a clearer form and more details, and the multiplicity of ways of presenting the character in the novel text. Some of them are direct presentations and presentations, and some are indirect, and some of them combine the two modes, direct and indirect, according to the way in which the novel finds it suitable to complete its final artistic form, and behind this lies artistic connotations and suggestions that are revealed by that presentation.
The study dealt with a theoretical approach that clarifies the importance of the topic of presentation, and an application that interrogates those narrative texts, so that the study ends with a conclusion from which we can find out what the research is.

The cultural analysis of the literary text may search for the effectiveness of the cultural and historical influences produced by the text, through a careful reading of the connotations of the cultural system, which is related to the context. Accordingly, the research sought to explain the heroic struggle in the Hussaini theatrical text, in order to know the ideas and value directions around which the event of Karbala revolved, a historical event full of contradictory conflicts between the values of the Umayyad authoritarian apostasy and the values of Islam represented by Imam Hussein (peace be upon him).

Suggestion is the basis of eloquent expression, as poets have used it in their poetic forms, because its presence in Arabic rhetoric constitutes most of its creative arts, and the relationship between words and meanings and the sounds they contain in harmony with their suggestive meanings has a great impact on giving the text an artistic aesthetic, and intertextuality with suggestion indicates the poet's culture and great experience that gave him this poetic coloring.

The phenomenon of omission and remembrance has semantic, aesthetic and eloquent aspects in expression, so the connotations abounded and the suggestions behind this phenomenon varied in the message of rights, to attract the attention of the deceitful and his interaction with the content of the text, and the technique of deletion requires research, revelation and clarification, so we traced the deletion of the beginner, the deletion of the news and the diversity of semantics, and the deletion of the actual sentence, as well as the deletion of the clause sentence and the sentence of its answer, and the deletion of the infinitive, (in) and (that) and their names, as well as (was) and its name with it, and we find the deletion of the subject only, and sometimes the subject is omitted with the related verb In it, the subject was omitted with the verb that is based on the passive, and with it there were important connotations, and we find the omission of the verbs, the deletion of the descriptive while keeping its adjective mentioned, the deletion of the additive and the addition of the adjective to it only, and the prepositions were omitted, and the neighbor and the adjective were omitted together in other sources, the connected noun was omitted, and its connection with it may be deleted, and the pronunciation may be omitted once and mentioned once in the same context, and the deletion of a word in the context of a text and its mention in the context of another text.

The interpretation of (Al-Amsal) by His Eminence Sheikh Nasser Makarem Al-Shirazi is one of the abundant interpretations of beliefs, as His Eminence highlighted the ideological aspect with effectiveness, realism, vitality, attractiveness, ease and ease away from complex linguistic conventions and lengthy sub-details, as the Sheikh realizes that salvation from the manifestations of ignorance of society and the beginning of the real and comprehensive reform of the Ummah begins in terms of the correct Islamic doctrine free from falsity and distortion, and through my handling of the topic of (Imamate in the Interpretation of Optimization) I reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which is that Sheikh Shirazi was keen to put forward The topics of the Imamate and its treatment in a simple and easy manner that touches the minds, and in a way that is in harmony with the language of the age and the nature of the addressees, and in an attractive style that penetrates the depths of the hearts and does not resemble the familiar and traditional style known in the books of the commentators.

The Holy Qur'an was revealed in a clear Arabic language, and in the Arabic language, there are general forms that include the group of addressees, and there are special words, and sometimes the word is general and refers to the specific and vice versa. In the Holy Qur'an, there are words that are general but are meant in particular, and words that are useful to the general but are meant in the general, and words that are useful to the general but are meant in the general, and the evidence clarifies this and removes the confusion, and then there are words that are the subject of dispute between the Scholars influence the deduction of certain judgments. This shows its place in the science of "general and private" and its impact on the derivation of judgments.

The research aims to determine the correlation and influence relationships between its main and sub-variables, and the research included two main hypotheses to measure the correlation and influence relationships, and it was applied in Al-Kafeel National Hospital in the holy province of Karbala, and the research adopted personal interviews and questionnaires to collect information. The questionnaire form was addressed to the employees of the organization, so the research population reached (131) employees, while the research sample reached (96) employees, as it was determined based on the equation (Steven K. Thompson, 2002:10), and the research used a set of statistical tools and tools for the purpose of processing the data and testing its hypotheses, and the statistical results were extracted by the statistical package program (SMART PLS.V.3).

The purpose of the research is to identify the intellectual foundations of two variables (contradictory leadership behaviors and strategic ambiguity) and to diagnose the level of adoption of contradictory leadership behaviors in the hospital, as the problem of the study was the existence of strategic ambiguities in the work of the hospital, and in order to answer the questions of the study and verify its objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted.
A random sample of medical and nursing staff in the mentioned hospital was selected by (264) individuals out of the population of (776) individuals, and the questionnaire form was adopted as an essential tool for collecting the necessary data and information, as it consisted of (32) paragraphs that covered the study variables in their sub-dimensions, and the study tested a number of hypotheses that were validated by the statistical programs (Smart PLS and SPSSV.24), the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that adopting contradictory leadership would reduce strategic ambiguity in the studied hospital.

Internal music has been a means that poets relied on in weaving their poems, allowing the condensation and harmony of the voices and showing their ability and semantic harmony that cannot be isolated from their linguistic system, as well as not being far from the psychological atmosphere felt by the poets, so it was a clear expression that clarified their poetic purposes, whether it was intended for lamentation, praise or pride. Thus, the internal music in poetic texts is not a musical ornament – but rather a component of the emotional pulse and the sense of suffering and experience, because if the word or phrase is repeated in one stanza or the entire poem, there is no doubt that there is a connotation or meaning of what this repetition performs, which is the condensation of the meaning and its clarification in the recipient's soul.

Idealistic philosophy is one of the philosophies that had a great presence throughout the history of human thought, and this philosophy in Italy from the time of the Roman states and throughout the Middle Ages has gained great importance, and it was a pillar in the perceptions of the Christian Church, and this interest continued to exist in Italy in the nineteenth century among a number of thinkers who were called the philosophers of the Risorgimento or the Political Revival, who had their political, religious and philosophical interests in a decisive period of Italian history, which created These philosophers are: Gallopi, Rosimini, Gioberti, and Mazzini, and therefore the purpose of the research is to identify their contributions and perceptions that fall under the ideal philosophy.

Many studies have emphasized the importance of training teaching staff on modern teaching methods because of its great importance in the development of the educational process, and therefore the research aimed to know the training needs to develop basic teaching skills, and to propose a training program derived from the training needs.
In order to know the training needs, a questionnaire was built to identify the training needs for employing educational technology tools, where a questionnaire tool was built and the stability of the tool was confirmed by the method of retesting on a random survey sample of 40 teachers and schools, where the stability coefficient was (0.82-0.89). After confirming the validity and stability of the tool, the questionnaire was applied to the main sample of (200) teachers and schools, and the number of schools included in the questionnaire reached (81) A school for boys and girls with (57) preparatory schools and (24) high schools. The researcher used Pearson's correlation coefficient, weighted mean, percentage weight, T-test, Cronbach's alpha equation and heterotest to analyze the results of the questionnaire.

It is no secret to the researcher in Islamic sciences the importance of the knowledge of men in acquiring and obtaining religious information from its original sources, hence the reliability and control of the great importance in the narrator's description of the noble hadith
Shaykh al-Tusi paid some attention to mentioning the doctrines and doctrinal tendencies of men, whose works were mentioned in his book al-Fihrist.
This research was based on three demands: the first was dedicated to translating men in the light of their doctrinal tendencies, starting from the men of Ahl al-Sunnah and to the Twelver Imamiyya, and the second was dedicated to the narrators of the Twelver Imamiyyah who have special sub-beliefs. The third was a graphical survey with numbers that clarified the statistics that translate what the Shaykh addressed in his index.

After the end of the trap in the year (169 AH), in which one of the sons of the honorable family of Muhammad, the pure infallible (AS) and their pure descendants and descendants, was martyred, namely the hero of this event and its revolutionary martyr Hussein bin Ali, whose lineage is due to the second infallible Imam of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba bin Ali bin Abi Talib (AS), who revolted in this tragic event as a trap rebel and its hero, Hussein bin Ali, in the face of the tyranny of the Bani al-Abbas, specifically during the rule of al-Hadi Al-Abbasi (d . 170 AH).
After the battle was over, one of his cousins, Idris bin Abdullah, left the battlefield and went with the caravan of pilgrims, which was heading towards Egypt and from there to the Arab Maghreb to land there and gather his forces and succeed in gathering the enemies of the Abbasid state from the inhabitants of the Arab Maghreb, and later he was able to establish an Alawite Shiite state in (172 AH), which ruled for nearly two centuries and more than two years.