journal of kufa studies center

The research aimed to identify the extent of the application of the electronic management system in the General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Najaf Al-Ashraf Branch, and its role in reducing or reducing the work pressures directed by the employees in the company, all from the point of view of the employees of the General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Najaf Al-Ashraf Branch, and to reach results that help improve the areas of applying e-management in the company in a proper manner. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical method, and used the questionnaire as a tool that was applied to a sample of administrative employees working in the The above company, which numbered (80) individuals, of which the valid forms were (73), and the research relied on a set of main statistical tools to reach the required results using the (SPSS v.-22) software in the analysis process to evaluate the study measures and test its hypotheses. The research concluded that human obstacles had a greater impact than the rest of the obstacles.

The banking sector, whether commercial or Islamic, performs a number of financial and banking operations towards its stakeholders, and aims to achieve profitability through multiple channels, one of which is (documentary credits) to meet and facilitate foreign trade, and the second (letters of guarantee) to facilitate and implement contracting works and the proper execution of some other works. A deliberate sample of (6) banks was taken for which data were available for the period studied and listed in the regular stock market, as most of them were newly established after Year 2015.

The purpose of the research is to identify the role of servant leadership and its impact on enhancing job belonging, and to identify the level of interest of the research organization in this leadership.
The Directorate of Municipalities of Najaf was selected as the field of research, and the research relied on the questionnaire to collect the necessary data and information, as the questionnaire was distributed to the number of employees in all administrative departments with (124) employees out of (157) employees, and (102) valid questionnaires for statistical analysis were retrieved .
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that servant leadership has a positive contribution and impact in enhancing job belonging, which means that the practices of servant leadership practiced by the officials in the research department can enhance job belonging, and the research also found that the servant leadership style of the officials in the department should be followed according to the correct foundations if the research department wants to enhance the state of job affiliation, as these practices have a positive contribution to enhancing job belonging.

The pharmaceutical and medical supplies industries are vital and important industries that receive great attention in most countries, because of the link between medicine and the health of individuals and society as a whole.
This study assumed that the company under study worked efficiently during the study period (2014-2021), and the study reached a set of findings and recommendations that in turn can contribute to the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the pharmaceutical industry in general and in Al-Mansour Company in particular, and one of the most prominent findings reached is the lack of state interest in the industrial sector in general The pharmaceutical industry in particular, although it is considered one of the industries with good profitability and is characterized by its national importance, as well as the lack of financial allocations of the Ministry of Health for contracts with pharmaceutical companies, which has affected the local pharmaceutical industry in general, as it relies heavily on contracts referred to it by the Ministry of Health.

Capital adequacy is one of the most prominent topics of interest to the management of banks and the local and international financial and monetary supervisory and supervisory bodies, due to the great importance of this topic in the management and protection of the bank. Therefore, the study mainly aimed at the topic of the role of the requirements of the Basel Committee (Ш) in reducing or reducing the credit risks of the commercial banks in the same study, through the use of capital adequacy measurement ratios, and to achieve this purpose, the study was applied to a sample of ten banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2010-2020), and a set of financial and statistical measures represented by financial equations and the statistical program (SPSS) was used.(Regression) The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the capital adequacy rates in private banks are much higher than the minimum capital adequacy rate and in all applicable measures, whether contained in the Basel Agreement (Ш) of the Central Bank of Iraq.

The Iraqi economy faced a complex socio-economic and political problem, which is summarized in the division of the members of society, the fluctuation of their loyalties, and their overlook of many matters that led to the spread of financial and administrative corruption and its intensification resulting from the multiplicity of ruling parties, which led to political instability, the deterioration of the security situation, and consequently economic instability. As a result, the steps of reform faltered, and the economic situation remained the same as before, which is summarized in the dominance of the oil sector in the formation of GDP with the absence of the role of other productive sectors. Therefore, it has become necessary to shed light on the correct steps of transformation, the most important of which is to strengthen the role of the private sector and allow it to lead economic activity under the new economic system, and to show and the extent of its effectiveness in correcting the economic structure and getting rid of the rentier character that has accompanied the Iraqi economy for many decades.

The centralized system in political systems is one of the most popular systems that are relied on in the whole world, because it is the easiest, oldest and least complex in terms of setting the general framework for centralizing decision-making and also the ability to organize, direct, and lead politics. Centralized systems necessarily affect all institutions in countries and also the functions entrusted to ministers, leaders, and consultants, through the accuracy of oversight and the ability to follow up on all details, as well as bearing the consequences of decisions and avoiding duplication in fateful decisions.

The importance of the research is that it provides a study of the reasons that led to the emergence of one of the biggest crises in the Arab political arena, namely the Qatari crisis (the 2017 crisis).
The research is based on the hypothesis that the Qatari crisis that erupted in 2017 was not born of the moment, but is the product of a long history of differences in positions between Qatar and its neighbors in the Gulf region.
The first demand dealt with the roots of the Qatari crisis, the second dealt with the differences in positions between Qatar and other Gulf countries and their role in the emergence of the Qatari crisis, while the third dealt with the increase in disputes since 2013 and the crisis of withdrawing ambassadors in 2014, and the fourth demand was concerned with the study of the current Qatari crisis (the crisis of 2017).

The paper deals with the period of Austria's annexation of Germany until the May Crisis of 1938, when the Germans insisted on demanding a referendum beyond the 1910 census, and this angered Henderson, however, he showed her willingness to stand up to the Germans on the question of the referendum, and was even willing to resign from the commission in protest against German behavior .
At no point in his correspondence did Henderson go too far in trying to appease the Germans, and eventually became a defender of the Soviet Union, as the State Department criticized Henderson's policy and Henderson showed sensitivity to criticism from the State Department.

The political conditions of the city of Istanbul during the eighteenth-century AD were mostly characterized by weakness in its government apparatus. During the reign of its sultans, the Ottoman Empire appeared in this century between ebb and flow, sometimes appearing as a force and at other times as a sign of weakness and retreat, and in the end, it was lucky in the balance of power that went in favor of European countries, thanks to its military superiority and the establishment of defensive fortifications, which were able to put an end to the Ottoman expansion in Europe, as a result of the treaties under which the borders of the Ottoman Empire were reduced. Some sultans sought to reform their situation. This period also witnessed the succession of the great ones to more than seventy-eight ministers, a situation that the state has not known since its establishment, and the emergence of the Janissary army, and they became the axe of destruction, and they constituted a curse on the state, so that their multiple revolutions emerged and strengthened, which led them to the point of causing chaos, as well as killing the sultans, deposing them, and bringing them to power.

The study dealt with the geological forms of the Wadi Al-Asein basin, which is located within the western plateau of Najaf Governorate, which was studied according to the descriptive-analytical method and using the quantitative method, through GIS software as well as the field study, estimated the area of the basin (334 km2), whose rock formations date back to the Eocene era to the Miocene, as well as the sediments of the fourth time represented by the deposits of the Pleistocene and Holocene eras, located between two latitudes (30 18 31 – 31 37 00 ) to the north, and longitude (09 09 44 – 30 30 44) to the east, thus it is located within the dry climate that is characterized by high temperatures, which reach (37.5 m), during the month of July, and with the lack of rainfall, which is an annual average of (94.4 mm), the Wadi Al-Asayen basin has many natural resources that can be invested such as water harvesting, animal production, natural vegetation, quarrying activity, groundwater, as well as the possibility of tourism in it, establishing human settlements and providing transportation routes.

This research aims to show the transformative ability of negation, as it turns the meaning from positive to negative, in the light of its apparent tools, as well as reducing the connotations that strengthen the meaning and increase the intention, the most prominent of which is exaggeration, as some of it is more conveyive and confirmed, and this research has organized two parts, the first is apparent in its tools, and the other is afraid, which includes tools by which it is modified to negation.

The title has been associated with the noble hadith of the Infallibles (peace be upon them), and I do not see their hadith as an extension of the words of Allah Almighty, they command what He commands and forbid what He forbids, and the sciences of Arabic emerged to serve the Holy Qur'an and the service of the Noble Hadith, and these hadiths have been studied in this research in the light of the theory of semantic fields, because semantics is the most honorable science of Arabic, from which its other branches, including sound, morphology, grammar and other sciences of the Arabic language, originate.

Imamate and Qadr are among the doctrinal issues addressed by Imam al-Hadi (peace be upon him) through his explanatory narrations, Imamate is another term for the caliphate and it is originally one of the principles of religion, as every era must have an imam who succeeds the Prophet (peace be upon him) so that people can refer to him in matters of their religion, so that he can guide them to what is good for them and goodness, as for the decree and destiny (destiny is the knowledge of God Almighty for the creatures and what they will be in the future, while the decree is the knowledge of God Almighty) Imam al-Hadi (a.s.) cited the exegetical narrations that indicate the Imamate, the Decree and the Destiny, while mentioning some interpretations that agreed with the Imam and others that did not agree with him.

This research aims to show the need for technical and technological applications that help in the process of learning it electronically remotely, it is unreasonable for it to be taught without knowing the necessary software that facilitates and facilitates its presentation to its learners in the best way and facilitates it for them, and loves the language lesson for its recipients, and to know whether it is on the right side to learn its sciences, and how to get good results by learning it electronically. It is suitable for providing language lessons to learners, and in a way that suits their tendencies and attitude towards technological technology that achieves the maturity of their language abilities.
Therefore, this research is determined by two topics: the first topic deals with the teaching of the Arabic language in the electronic application, and the second topic examines proposed technical and technological applications, and then sets the most important conclusions.

The research objective was to identify the attitudes of university students towards blended learning, and the research was limited to the students of the University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2021-2022), and the descriptive-relational approach was adopted to achieve the research objectives, and the sample size reached (600) male and female students from the University of Al-Qadisiyyah for the third and fourth stages, with (300) male and (300) female students, and for scientific and human disciplines, they were selected by random stratified method, and to achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared the research tool, which are: The Attitudes Towards Blended Learning Scale, which in its final form consisted of (30) items distributed over three dimensions: the cognitive dimension, the emotional dimension, and the behavioral dimension. The apparent honesty and construction validity of the scale and the calculation of the discriminating power of its paragraphs were verified, as well as the value of the stability coefficient of the scale was calculated by calculating the alpha-cro-Navach coefficient, which amounted to (0.90), and the remeasurement was (0.86), and the two research tools were applied to the final research sample in the second semester of the academic year (2021-2022).

Information technology is one of the important developments that all countries of the world are now living with, but the current or future dangers that result from it, such as multiple cyber threats, are a threat that threatens the information security of the state and the confidentiality of its statement, and one of these threats is the act of electronic espionage and cyber attacks, so the responsibility of the executive authority appears as the authority that the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq granted several powers in 2005. These legislative powers enable it to deter threats and fortify its cybersecurity, by proposing cyber bills and proposing amendments to the constitution and its texts, to confront these dangers.

The research aims to identify the reality of the city through spatial analysis of residential land uses in the city of Al-Hafiriya and to track its growth stages for the purpose of improving the city's delivery to the formula that suits the aspirations of its residents in light of the study of land uses by relying on potential data from the municipality department, as well as maps that show the residential communities in the study area and analyzing those data based on the descriptive and analytical method.
One of the most prominent results reached was the increase in the demand for housing to the extent that the city is able to absorb it, which predicts the exacerbation of the problem of the expected housing deficit due to the widening of the difference between population growth and residential growth, and through the field study, it was found that the number of houses built with bricks and cement is high compared to other materials used in construction, because the study area takes the character of urbanization and the trend towards housing with good materials in construction.

The research aims to clarify the impact of climate change on air temperature in the city of Najaf, and to study and analyze the change that occurred in the normal, minimum and major air temperature during the study period from (1977-2020), the general trend coefficient of the normal air temperature and the minimum temperature of the climatic cycles all recorded the positive trend, and the general trend coefficient of the maximum temperature in the study area varied between increase and decrease, as the general trend coefficient recorded a decrease in the first climatic cycle. About (-0.0464), while the rest of the climatic cycles recorded an increase in the general trend, and the relative and total change of the normal air temperature for the study period, which reached the highest in the month of (March) for the relative and total changes, was recorded about (0.98 and 43.12) each, respectively, and the highest amount of relative change of the minimum temperature was recorded in the month of February, which amounted to (0.366). The total change of the minimum air temperature was estimated above in the month of February as it reached (16.04), and the highest values of the relative change of the maximum temperature were calculated in the month of April as it was recorded (0.82), and the months of January and February recorded the lowest amount of relative change amounting to about (-0.13 and -0.54) respectively for each of them, while the calculation of the total change was the highest in April as it reached about (36.08).The rate of change and the percentage of change of normal temperature between the climatic cycles were calculated, as the highest rate of change between the first and second climatic cycles was recorded about (1.37), and the highest percentage of change between the first and second climatic cycles was recorded as it was about (5.438). The highest rate of change for the minimum temperature was (0.7) between the second and third climate cycles, and the highest percentage of change was recorded between the second and third climate cycles, which amounted to (3.977), and the rate of change for the maximum temperature between the second and third climate cycles was calculated as (1.8), and the percentage of change between the second and third climate cycles was about (5.882). As for the annual temperature range of the normal temperature between the months of January and July, it was recorded about (26.6) and the minimum temperature was recorded (21.8) and (27.8) for the maximum temperature.

The emergence of libraries and their archives in Mesopotamia contributed to the development of cognitive abilities in many fields, including science, languages, mathematics, astronomy and other knowledge, and the study of libraries and their archives is of great importance by identifying the rationale of the educational system of Mesopotamia in its first infancy, as scribes contributed to every aspect of life in which writing was used, so there were official (administrative) and private clerks, writers, scientists and others. Archaeological excavations resulted in the existence of many libraries in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia, including the library of Sibar, Kish, Warka and Assyria, which originated and developed first within the temples, and then began to be established in independent buildings, so this subject was chosen from the Mesopotamian civilization to study the first roots of the emergence of libraries and educational and administrative institutions in Mesopotamia, and followed the narrative and investigative method in presenting the study material.