Journal of Al-Farabi for Humanity Sciences (JFHS)

This research examines a methodological framework for anticipating future risks in light of the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah). It analyzes the conceptual foundations of risk, and proposes a preventive vision derived from Maqāṣid principles to enhance protection of society, individuals, and state institutions. The study applies a descriptive-analytical approach that integrates Shariah objectives with modern foresight studies to formulate an effective model for future risk management. Keywords
Future foresight, future risks, Maqasid al-Sharia, preventive approach, harm prevention.

This research addresses the issue of Forecasting the future from the perspective of the objectives of Islamic Sharia, focusing on how to utilize the concepts of objectives as a methodological basis for organizing future planning and formulating public policies in Islamic societies. The research reviews the concepts of foresight and objectives, and presents theoretical and methodological frameworks for utilizing objectives in Forecasting social, economic, and technological developments. It also provides practical recommendations for decision-makers and researchersKeywords: Foresight, Future, Objectives Islamic Sharia

Absttact :
Al – lzzz bin Abdussalam a theogian has attained the degree of diligence & His books a proof of his gaining dililgence in rule – making & Elaboration of judgments & Deeper understanding of the texts of the Quran and the Sunna .He is the just judge whose Famous Positions have been known by History . And his Justice in giving rightd & Nullification of Oppression And giving back rights to their whom Deserve , And Defending the Rights of the Nation

Abstract
This study explores the maqāṣid-based construction in Qur’anic exegesis as a methodological framework capable of interpreting contemporary transformations and anticipating future developments within a Qur’anic worldview. The research is grounded in the assumption that Qur’anic objectives are not merely theoretical constructs but a dynamic guiding force that can illuminate pathways for modern development in the domains of knowledge, economy, technology, and social change. Using an analytical and inductive approach, the study examines how activating maqāṣid in tafsīr can generate future-oriented directives aligned with human flourishing and civilizational progress. The findings reveal that a maqāṣid-centered engagement with the Qur’an provides a foundational tool for shaping sound developmental policies and building a strategic foresight capable of addressing present and emerging challenges

Abstract
This research aims to study the manifestations of sustainable development in India during the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 CE) by analyzing the policies and projects implemented by the Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, and Lodhi sultans in the economic, agricultural, urban, and social spheres. The research is based on the premise that the Delhi Sultanate, despite political and military challenges, developed balanced infrastructure and development policies based on the rational use of natural resources and social justice, making it a significant historical experience in governance and development.The research employs a historical-analytical approach, utilizing contemporary historical sources (Arabic and Persian) and modern scholarly references, while applying an analytical perspective derived from contemporary sustainable development concepts and considering the specific historical context

Research Summary:
The Prophetic Sunnah is valid for all times and places. It is a revelation from God Almighty, addressing the ills that afflict societies and preserving them in all aspects that they need to develop and keep pace with life, in the most important element they need, which is preserving their food security, which is the basis for their growth and prosperity and makes their life free and dignified. It has taken several forms in this field, so I wanted in this research to explain the Prophetic foundation that established for societies the way through which they can preserve their food security, which is one of the reasons for achieving their sustainable development. So the research was divided into two sections: The first: The concept of the Prophetic Sunnah, its foundation, sustainable development, and food security in language and terminology. The second section: The hadiths that explain the foundation of sustainable development and its role in preserving food security, and it has two requirements: The first requirement: Working to sustain the development of the earth, and the second requirement: Prohibiting actions that are a cause of, without exception, the achievement of sustainable development

Abstract
The study of contemporary fiqhi ijtihad holds significant importance in the life of the legally responsible individual. Ijtihad is no longer limited to traditional jurisprudential issues; rather, it now addresses emerging matters brought about by scientific, technological, social, and economic developments. Contemporary ijtihad contributes to achieving a balance between the permanence of Islamic legal texts and the flexibility required in their application, ensuring that rulings remain consistent with people’s realities, needs, and the latest developments.

Abstract.
The Holy Qur’an is the first source of Islamic legislation, and it is the constitution that God Almighty revealed to His Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. It is the seal of the heavenly books and is dominant over them. His companions and the sons of his nation.Hence, I had the desire to serve the Book of God Almighty, so I rolled up my arms to complete what my colleague Tariq started with the realization of this great journey, and after my trust in God Almighty, I set about realizing a part of Surat Yusuf, peace be upon him, by Sheikh Ahmed Bin Ruhallah Bin Nasser Al-Din Ibn Ghiyath Al-Din Al-Ansari Al-Jabri Al-Roumi T. 1008 A.H. He is a Hanafi judge, a scholar of intelligible matters. He was born in Iran. He moved on foot to Istanbul, and wrote books, including: (Interpretation of Surat Yusuf) and interpretation of Surat Al-Qadr and others.The research was divided into two parts, a study section and an investigation section The academic section included two semesters:The first chapter: the personal and scientific life of the author, in which there are two sections The first topic: the personal life of the author.The second topic: the scientific life of the author.
The second chapter defines the manuscript, and it contains two sections The first topic: the name of the book, its attribution to the author, and his approach to it

Summary:
The answer is important in showing the extent of the mind of the other person and understanding his thought and personality, and because the Qur’an took care of the style of speech, it also took care of the subject of the answer, due to the necessity of the answer’s effectiveness in changing the thought of the other person and influencing him. Therefore, this study aims to know the answer linguistically and technically, and the standards that were mentioned in Islamic law to measure the quality of the answer, as well as defining the comparative study, which this study adopted, and then identifying the types of answer in the Holy Qur’an, and analyzing the answer of Adam, peace be upon him, and the answer of Satan, which the study took as a model to know the extent of the importance of the quality of the answer, to conclude the study by comparing the answer of Adam, peace be upon him, and Satan, and coming out with a result of this comparison, and knowing the consequences that left behind the answer of each of them

Abstract
Islamic civilization is a comprehensive civilization that aims to achieve human happiness and well-being, and to establish a balance between this world and the hereafter. It has played a significant role in the development of individuals and society by promoting science and education, building communities, achieving justice, enhancing health, and preserving the environment.Islam emphasized the importance of science and education and encouraged research and innovation. It established a society based on moral and spiritual values, characterized by cooperation and integration. Islam stressed the importance of justice and equality and combated injustice and oppression. It emphasized health and medicine, and encouraged exercise and healthy eating. Islam stressed the importance of environmental preservation and combated pollution and corruption.The significance of this research lies in the fact that Islamic civilization contributed to the advancement of science and the arts, and the translation of scientific and philosophical books. It contributed to economic development and the advancement of trade and industry. It contributed to the progress of society and the improvement of the conditions of women and minorities.The research concludes that Islamic civilization is a comprehensive civilization that aims to achieve human happiness and well-being, and to establish a balance between this world and the hereafter. It has played a significant role in the development of individuals and society, and has contributed to the advancement of science, the arts, the economy, and society.

Abstract
The Noble Prophetic Sunnah is considered an essential part of the two main sources of legislation in Islam. (The Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet) He, may God bless him and grant him peace, was a man of eloquence. Rather, he is the most eloquent of the Arabs, without dispute. We find that the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, followed smart, precise strategies that were appropriate for every context The contexts of the speech led to his success in conveying God’s message to humanity.

Abstract
This study aims to examine the methodological approach of Shaykh Muṣliḥ al-Dīn al-Qūjwī, widely known as Shaykhzāde (d. 950 AH), in his commentary on Mashāriq al-Anwār al-Nabawiyyah by Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ. His commentary is regarded as one of the most distinguished Ottoman contributions that combine linguistic precision with deep semantic analysis. Shaykhzāde adopts an approach centered on analyzing and verifying the lexical meanings of the prophetic traditions, relying on authoritative linguistic sources and outlining the possible semantic nuances before selecting the most contextually appropriate interpretation. He also gives notable attention to textual variants, highlighting differences among narrations and manuscript readings, reflecting his concern for accurate wording without engaging extensively in isnād criticism.His commentary further demonstrates a strong inclination toward rhetorical and stylistic analysis, addressing the figurative expressions found in the Prophetic discourse and clarifying their aesthetic and communicative value. He explains key legal and technical terms and provides comprehensive meanings that illuminate the ethical and educational objectives of the prophetic texts. Additionally, he employs a comparative method by referencing and evaluating the opinions of earlier commentators, offering reasoned preferences grounded in linguistic and contextual evidence. Overall, Shaykhzāde’s method represents the balanced scholarly style of Ottoman-era commentaries, combining analytical rigor with clarity, making his work a valuable reference for researchers in Hadith studies and Arabic linguistics.

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of using achievement files on the academic achievement of female students in the second intermediate grand. To achieve of the objective of the research the research formulated several hypotheses, Including the following:_ There is a statistically significant at the level of (0.05) Between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied geography using the achievement files and the control group students who studied the same subject using the traditional method in their academic achievement in geography_ There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the per-and post-tests of creative thinking, and between the two group themselves in the post-test.The research sample consisted of (60) female students who were randomly selected from the Al-Boutouleh Intermediate School for girls in the first Karkh Directorate, with (30) students in each group the researcher was careful at the beginning of the study to ensure the equivalence of the two research groups in a number of variables.Including: intelligence test, and the to understand the geography material. The researcher prepared a teaching plan to teach the research group students, and according to the effect of using achievement files for the control group. For the experimental group, and according to the traditional method for the control group.
The researcher prepared a tool to measure the level of achievement of the research students in academic performance and a series of multiple-choice questions for each of the study topics, and relied on the creative thinking test prepared by the researcher himself in the year 2025.The researcher relied on a set of ready-made simulations, to correct the written answers of the students in the experimental and control group, and on the simulations adopted by the researcher in his research (correction of AL-Hashimi) which he built in 1994. The researcher used a number of statistical method in his research procedures and to analyze the results, which are:
The two independent sample tests (T-Test) Chi-square (ka2) Pearson's correlation coefficient (Pearson).The researcher sough to analyze the research results to confirm the presence of differences in favor of the experimental group that studied according to (the effect of using achievement files), and these results led to the following conclusion:_ There are clear differences in the mean score of two group "members in the post-test in favor of the experimental group, which indicates the effectiveness of portfolios (Achievement files) in teaching"._ There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control group in the post-test after statistically controlling for the effect of the pre-test. This result confirms that the applied program, which is (portfolios, achievement files) has an effective and tangible impact on the experimental group.

Resume
In light of the spread of social media and its widespread use in the digital age, it has become necessary to apply Islamic morals in these spaces to ensure a respectful and safe digital environment. Through certain controls, such as abstaining post content that is offensive to others, committing to honesty and respecting different opinions, ethical values can be promoted in digital interaction. Individuals also bear personal responsibility when posting content and should be good examples in online behavior. In addition to that, the religious institutions play a fundamental role in guiding individuals through awareness programs and visual content that promotes ethical behavior. Through these mechanisms, a digital environment based on Islamic morals can be achieved, which contributes to enhancing positive communication and understanding between individuals in the digital world.
المقدمة

Abstract:
Future foresight is one of the most essential intellectual fields tied to strategic planning and decision-making. It is grounded in scientific methodologies that analyze trends, track transformations, and build future scenarios based on solid foundations. Creativity, on the other hand, represents the human capacity to generate novel ideas and extend the limits of current understanding. This research examines the complementary relationship between science and creativity in shaping

Abstract
The study aims to explore the extent to which the academic elite relies on satellite channels as a source of information in their follow-up and promoting of sustainable development. The research is based on the premise that satellite channels are considered more credible than other media outlets. It focuses on members of the academic elite working in departments and colleges of media, both in public and private universities, totaling 300 individuals, as they represent the group most engaged with satellite channels and most influenced in shaping their attitudes.The study used the descriptive survey method and used a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. It was guided by the central research question: "To what extent do members of the academic elite rely on satellite channels as a source of information, and what role does this reliance play in promoting sustainable development?" to measure the extent of follow-up, trust, interest, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of such reliance. The research concluded that the academic elite has a disparity in following up on environmental and information security issues compared to other issues, which indicates an increased awareness and a deep maturity of the academic elite towards sustainable development issues

Abstract:
This research aims to examine innovation as the primary gateway to modern development by analyzing its conceptual foundations, economic functions, and social impacts. It highlights the global transformations that have positioned innovation at the core of competitiveness and sustainable development. The study provides an academic framework that explores the historical evolution of innovation, its relationship to the knowledge economy, and its role in enhancing productivity, improving services, and creating added value. It also discusses the challenges facing nations in building innovation-friendly environments and reviews prominent international models that successfully linked innovation to development. The study concludes that innovation is no longer a luxury, but a structural necessity for national progress

Abstract
This study explores economic development in the era of modern technology, focusing on the impact of digital transformation, innovation, and smart technologies on productivity, resource efficiency, and market structure. The research argues that technology has become a primary driver of growth rather than a supportive factor, reshaping economic systems at national and global levels. It also highlights key challenges—such as the digital divide, labor market shifts, and cybersecurity—and proposes a general framework for leveraging technology to achieve sustainable and adaptive economic development

Abstract:
This study examines the concept of sustainable development amid rapid digital transformation, focusing on how technological progress reshapes developmental mechanisms in modern societies. It investigates the economic, social, and environmental impacts of digitization and highlights both opportunities and challenges. The study relies on various Arabic and international academic references to provide an analytical framework that explains the role of technology in promoting contemporary sustainable development

Abstract
The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed knowledge production and dissemination, creating a new paradigm where innovation, intelligence, and data-driven analysis form the core of societal progress. Employing digital technologies in scientific research, education, and knowledge management has become essential for driving cognitive development and strengthening nations’ strategic capacities. This study examines the impact of the digital revolution on cognitive development, analyzes the dimensions of digital transformation in knowledge production, and highlights the challenges

Abstract
Social satire represents one of the most distinctive stylistic features in the poetry of Ma'ruf al-Rusafi. He employed satire as a critical tool to expose corruption, social stagnation, and the contradictions within Ottoman and early Iraqi society. Through sharp and direct language, al-Rusafi highlights the suffering of the poor and marginalized groups, blending rhetorical intensity with expressive artistry. His satirical voice reflects a clear reformist stance that advocates for education, justice, and equality, while offering bold criticism of political and religious authorities. Thus, his poetry becomes an early example of literature assuming a social function, turning the poem into a form of cultural resistance and a call for change. The study concludes that satire in al-Rusafi’s work is not merely an aesthetic technique, but an intellectual position aimed at reshaping public awareness and questioning the sociopolitical reality

Abstract:
My research entitled: "Pure Sciences in the 5th Century AH/ 11th Century AD", can be summarized in the following axes:Introduction and preface: What is the Andalusian scientific family? Then comes the first chapter, which dealt with the Andalusian families that excelled in pure sciences. The second chapter focused on astronomy and astrology, while the third chapter was titled "The Science of Agriculture and Irrigation". Finally, the study concludes with a summary, conclusions, and a list of sources and references.

Abstract
The aim of the research was to identify:
1-Social stigma among university students.
2- The significance of statistical differences in social stigma according to the variable (gender – Specialization
3- Mental health among university students.
4- The significance of statistical differences in mental health according to the variable (gender – Specialization
5-The significance of differences in the correlation between social stigma and mental health among university students.To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on the following:Due to the lack of a scale representing the research sample, the researcher decided to prepare a social stigma scale based on previous studies and literature. The scale consisted of 30 items distributed over five dimensions: classification, discrimination, stereotyping, ridicule, and loss of social value. A mental health scale was also constructed, consisting of 24 items distributed over six The scale encompassed six dimensions: life satisfaction, self-confidence, joy, meaningful existence, optimism, and emotional stability. It was administered to a sample of 400 university students, consisting of 140 males and 260 females, during the 2024-2025demic year. The findings were as follows
1-University students suffer from social stigma.
2-There are statistically significant differences in social stigma depending on the variable (gender), and there are no statistically significant differences with regard to specialization.
3-University students suffer from poor mental health
4-There are statistically significant differences in mental health depending on the variable (gender), in favor of males, and there are no statistically significant differences with regard to specialization.
5-There is a correlation between social stigma and mental health among university students, which means that the more students feel social stigma, the higher their level of poor mental health.
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions

Abstract:
International commercial arbitration is a means of resolving disputes arising in transnational commercial contexts, where parties agree to submit their disputes to a neutral arbitral tribunal instead of resorting to national courts. Arbitrators issue a final and binding decision based on the law chosen by the parties, and it is characterized by flexibility, confidentiality, and speedy resolution, making it a popular alternative to traditional litigation in transactions.

Abstract
Linguistic awareness constitutes a fundamental pillar in shaping contemporary concepts of sustainable development. Language is not merely a tool of communication, but a cognitive framework within which developmental visions are constructed and modern narratives confronting environmental, social, and economic challenges are formed. This study examines the relationship between linguistic awareness and literary discourse on the one hand, and sustainable developmental paths on the other. It analyzes how literary texts contribute to shaping public awareness and directing collective thinking toward more sustainable practices. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, exploring texts and their capacity to influence developmental orientations

Abstract
The changes that blew the international environment formed a new challenge against the international Organizations activities especially in its development field. The tends and directions have differed fundamentally in order to face this challenge so as to increase from differences among stages of the world issues and problems transferred state ability as a single confrontation. This differentiate is unstable, conflict and consciousness for describing or defining multi definition & conception which have contained all public life areas. This challenge has concentrated in the greatest task of humanity, that is, countries searching to find foundations of sustainable human development in countries suffering from famine, poverty and defragment as a result of failure of development projects because they have entered conflicts and wars and transferred the ideology to another after their expectation that the ideology or dogma or method or programs would provide them with security, stability, prosperity and progress and free poverty unstable conflicts and struggles. These challenges were not bigger than other challenges that have been found in the third world countries. The last challenge was political economic tensions and social tragedies. Therefore the third world countries witnessed a lot of failure in human cases.The United Nations has found its responsibilities limits towards promote and improve human being so as to transfer all constraints, which has imposed on it in time and conditions. The Organization response was reflected to the public tends has imposed conditions and challenges of the post cold war and the requirement of majority which has been formed by the third world. Also this response has consisted of the framework of review in the development issues and tries to limit conception of development. It had its strategy concerning the understanding of the definition and its own strategy concerning the problems of expansion, which faces the third world countries. To face this problem it analyzed what it had established the past long years in fields of development and influence what is in the UN charter so as to advance towards its responsibility in solving the economic, cultural and social problems and work to improve inflation. It did best in order to solve this problem therefor it hold conferences, and it make enough efforts to develop its development concerning.

Abstract:
This research aims to examine the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on curriculum development by analyzing the philosophy of modern curricula and the mechanisms of their design and implementation in the digital age. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method to explore the role of AI in shaping curricula, supporting teachers, and promoting educational equity. Findings revealed that AI plays a fundamental role in creating dynamic and personalized curricula that address individual differences among learners and contribute to achieving equal educational opportunities. Moreover, the study highlighted that AI does not replace teachers but redefines their role as facilitators and guides of the educational process. Results also emphasized the importance of integrating Virtual Reality (VR) and Learning Analytics into curricula to provide immersive learning experiences, while stressing the need to address ethical and technical challenges associated with these applications

Summary
Women's economic empowerment is an integrated process aimed at enhancing women's ability to achieve financial independence, thereby improving their social and economic status. This empowerment includes a wide range of measures aimed at improving women's access to education and vocational training, access to finance, and participation in economic decision-making. Women's economic empowerment can be viewed as a continuous process of growth and development, beginning with empowering women to control their financial resources and ending with empowering them to influence economic policies that affect their lives and those of their families. Women's economic empowerment is not simply the process of distributing financial resources; it is also the process of empowering women to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to make informed financial decisions. When women are able to manage their financial resources effectively, they are better able to improve their own and their families' standard of living. This, in turn, leads to greater gender balance in society and enhances society's ability to face economic challenges.

Abstract :
The world loday is witnessing rapid advancements in technology and artificial intelligence ,which pose legal and ethical challenges to traditional legislative systems .this study aims to examine the role of legislation in addressing these challenges ,with a particular focus on how artificial intelligence can be harnessed to a chieve . the United nation 2030 sustainable development gools, while ensuring the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.The research relies one descriptive analytical approach to study concepts and theories related to sustainable development and emerging technologies ,a comparative approach to analyze the experiences of certain countries in regulating artificial intelligence ,and a deductive approach to derive practical conclusions and legislative recomm endati0ns .the stufdy concludes that netional and international legislation ,needs continuons development to keep pace with technological innovation by enacting clear laws that balance promoting innovation with safeguarding constitutional values , and ensuring the responsible use of artificial inteiiig ence to contribute to comprehensive and sustainable development.the impostance of internat cooperation and adopting flexible legal frame works that can respond to rapid technological changes without compromising individual rights or societal stabity

Abstract
Development has become a central pillar and a fundamental requiremes and international strategies and plans. It is a comprehensive and integral encompasses various economic, social, political, cultural, and human dir Development seeks to achieve a balance between economic growth, social environmental protection, representing a deliberate and directed effort accomplish the desired transformation. Sustainable development involve whole, in all its aspects and components, and can only be achieved unde conditions that ensure the advancement and progress of society toward a of the essential prerequisites for development is the human being-his ri security, education, social protection, and a dignified life. International a organizations have made great efforts to protect human beings and achieve Development Goals (SDGs) in service of humanity and its progress, which enshrined in numerous international treaties and conventions. According considered a central instrument for translating the goals of sustainable d scientific and practical measures and legislation, supported by international agreements and the establishment of effective institutions that contribute SDGs. Iraq possesses vast natural resources, including crude oil, natural and rich biodiversity. Therefore, implementing sustainable development factor in achieving a balance between social justice, economic growth, a of biodiversity, in addition to ensuring health, education, gender equalit fundamental components. It also contributes to eradicating poverty, desı drought. Law, in this regard, represents a powerful and effective tool for objectives and transforming them into a tangible reality that elevates the toward progress and prosperity. This research seeks to explore the conce sustainable development-economic, social, and environmental-along foundations, and challenges. It also examines the role of law, through national and international and regional agreements and treaties, in translating the concrete realities that improve citizens' lives through effective laws, ins oversight and accountability, and legal frameworks that safeguard Iraqis freedom, dignity, food security, and a decent life. Accordingly, this study sustainable development in Iraq and the possibility of enhancing it throughout programs and legal frameworks designed to protect and sustain it.

Research Abstract:
This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in self-learning among graduate students in universities. The world today relies on modern technologies related to artificial intelligence in all areas of public life, and particularly in the educational field, to improve the quality of educational outcomes. Artificial intelligence can provide a safe and interactive learning environment through educational platfor Modern electronics and artificial intelligence applications enhance understanding, develop skills, and increase positive student interaction to investigate and discover facts and information in more attractive ways towards self-learning. Moreover, they encourage the development of creative and innovative thinking skills, critical thinking, and the ability to face challenges and problems and make decisions. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, as this method is one of the important research methods in educational and psychological sciences, because it is one of the most used methods due to its suitability for issues and problems related to this aspect. Therefore, the researcher adopted a questionnaire consisting of twenty items distributed across three axes: the use of artificial intelligence applications, self-learning skills, and attitudes toward digital learning. This questionnaire was distributed to a sample of postgraduate students after verifying its validity and reliability and presenting it to experts and specialists before application. The results showed that the use of artificial intelligence applications has a clear and significant positive impact on self-learning skills, with higher average scores across all axes. A correlation was also found between the use of applications and students' attitudes toward digital self-learning. After reviewing the literature and the results of previous studies and research, the researcher divided her research into three chapters. The first chapter included the introduction, the research problem, its significance, the research objectives and hypotheses, and a definition of terms. The second chapter included the theoretical background and previous studies. The third chapter presented the research procedures and results. The researcher concluded the research with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abctract
The current research aims to identify the level of participatory management among school principals from the point of view of teachers in the Second Karkh Education Directorate, as well as to identify the significance of differences according to the gender variable (boys' schools - girls' schools). To confirm this, the researcher followed the descriptive approach by relying on the questionnaire tool (participatory management), which was prepared for this purpose. The researcher distributed the questionnaire to (200) male and female teachers in the Second Karkh Education Directorate. The study concluded that the level of participatory management among school principals is good according to the teachers' point of view. There are slight, but not fundamental, differences between boys' schools and girls' schools in adopting participatory management, which reflects the unification of administrative policies. These results also reflect the principals' awareness of the importance of participatory management and its positive impact on the school work environment

Abstract
The educational system aims to cultivate individuals who embody the ethics and conduct of the Quran and Sunnah, regardless of their profession or occupation. Education is a social process, reflecting the life of a society, its philosophy, history, and level of growth and development.This research demonstrates that education involves nurturing individuals who are physically strong, morally upright, intellectually sound, patriotic, proud of their heritage, aware of their duties, and equipped with the knowledge they need throughout their lives.The research aims to show that education is a process of balanced and integrated personality development, encompassing physical, social, aesthetic, spiritual, moral, intellectual, and emotional aspects.The importance of this research lies in adhering to the most suitable system of education in Islam. It is a unique system based on wisdom, moderation, and balance, fostering emotions and feelings, developing knowledge and understanding, and cultivating spiritual, ethical, and human values, without allowing materialism to overshadow spirituality, nor is it limited to spirituality and emotions alone. The research concluded that the responsibility for reforming society does not rest solely on scholars and mentors, but rather on all members of society—religious scholars and educators, professors and employees, academics and others. Furthermore, the task of reform is not directed solely at those who have gone astray. Therefore, confronting the harms of deviance is a shared responsibility incumbent upon everyone

Abstract
This study examines the challenges that hinder effective cooperation between Human Resources (HR) and Finance departments and evaluates how such cooperation contributes to sustainable human development within economic units. The research seeks to clarify the extent to which cross-departmental integration supports strategic alignment, improves organizational capabilities, and enhances long-term development outcomes. Using a quantitative design, data were collected through a structured survey distributed to 450 managers and administrative employees, resulting in 274 valid responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess direct and indirect relationships among cooperation, functional roles, management effectiveness, sustainable development, and organizational performance. The findings reveal that cooperation significantly strengthens the functional roles of HR, Finance, and management, indicating that interdepartmental collaboration is a critical foundation for coordinated decision-making. Management demonstrated the strongest influence on sustainable development and performance, underscoring its central role in translating cooperation into strategic and developmental outcomes. In contrast, HR and Finance roles showed limited direct effects on sustainable development, suggesting that their contributions operate primarily through management and mediated pathways. The study advances the literature by highlighting the strategic importance of multifunctional cooperation and leadership in promoting sustainable human development. It also provides practical implications for organizations seeking to integrate human and financial resource strategies with sustainability-oriented objectives

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities of implementing AI-powered digital marketing in private companies in Erbil. Despite AI's growing global impact on marketing practices, adoption in emerging markets like Erbil remains limited and underexplored. A multi-method approach included collecting quantitative data via structured surveys sent to 100 marketing executives and professionals, yielding 49 valid responses subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Findings underscore key operational and infrastructural challenges such as gaps in technical skills and concerns over data privacy. Concurrently, the study identifies opportunities for enhanced customer targeting, personalized marketing campaigns, and improved decision-making efficiency. Recommendations focus on adapting AI integration strategies to local market contexts, aiming to maximize its positive impact. This research contributes to expanding the understanding of AI's practical applications in marketing and offers valuable insights for companies navigating digital transformation journeys

Abstract
The study assesses the performance of three machine learning models logistic regression, random woodland, and Gaussian Naive Bayes to are expecting the performance of middle School students. Based on metrics which includes F1-score, accuracy, precision, and specificity, the performance turned into determined to be the highest for logistic regression, reaching accuracy and F1-rating values of 72.50% and 94.27%, respectively. In the second role, the random wooded area version scored an accuracy and F1-rating level of 69.17% and 93.64%, respectively, even as GNB scored the accuracy and F1-score degree of 69.17% and 93.19%, respectively. This final results indicates that superior, complex fashions have higher overall performance in comparison to low-complexity algorithms in the context of tutorial statistics mining. Findings support the application of state-of-the-art analytical methods in the direction of deeper understanding of the overall performance of School students, featuring that the stated fashions may be beneficial in supplying individualized learning trajectories and optimizing curricula and getting to know techniques. Appropriate predictive fashions suitable for the unique properties of the records were harassed, as is the significance that information-knowledgeable choice-making provides on the fulfillment stage of School students. By making use of these insights, gaining knowledge of institutions can doubtlessly develop holistically evolved School students, engagement, and motivation stages within the getting to know surroundings

Abstract
This research aims to highlight the pivotal role of Islamic governance (Sharia-based governance) in guiding the pathways of sustainable development through an integrated framework that combines authentic Islamic principles with contemporary developmental needs. By aligning Qur’anic values and Maqasid al-Sharia with modern sustainability requirements, the study provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation for Islamic governance and its relevance to sustainable development. It further explores the practical applications of Sharia-based governance in environmental, economic, and social domains, demonstrating its capacity to enhance sustainability and promote balanced development. The research ultimately offers a methodological vision that supports policymakers and institutions in adopting a sustainability model rooted in Islamic values and objectives.

Research Summary:
The book "History of Medina" is considered an important historical source on Medina. The author discusses its origins, virtues, and history, as well as the lives of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), his Companions, and their followers. The book also contains details about the city's landmarks, such as the Prophet's Mosque, and significant and important historical events that occurred there. The book is considered one of the oldest books to compile the history of Medina based on oral and written accounts.
The importance of the research lies in two main points:
First, the book's edition extracted the hadiths from the book without addressing the biographies of the narrators, which fascinated me as a researcher.

Abstract
This study builds a practical framework to distinguish authentic creativity from imitation or borrowing in Arabic verse amid the rise of tool-assisted composition. It combines classical metric prosody (ʿarūḍ), rhyme, and rhetoric—with measurable modern stylistic indicators (syntactic variety, lexical fields, imagistic coherence). Text-comparison tools are used as clues, not verdicts. The paper proposes hands-on adjudication steps and a “Fairness Charter” balancing poets’ rights and learners’ transparent use of digital aids.