College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

Current research aims at shedding light on effect of using illustrated helicopter cards on achievement of fourth primary class pupils in sciences
To realize such objective two researchers put alnull hypothesis Sample was (68) pupils divided into an exper imental group of (36) and control one with (32).
Researchers equalized both group in (time age caleulated by months intelligence grades of previous year in sciences total grades of all subjects academic achievement of parents variables .
After setting subject formulated (104) behavioural objects also prepared (36) teaching plans falling equally into (18) for each group .
Researchers made a tool : multiple choice objective achievement test of (20) items to tackle three levels of knowledge (cognition understand and application) , Reliability and stability of which was verified using application kodur-Richardson -20 formula, oscored (0, 78) in addition to discrimination force of items .
After treating data statis tically using (spss) program results showed statis tically significant difference between scores of experimental and control groups and in favor of experimental group.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the tower-building strategy on acquiring some mathematical concepts among people with learning difficulties in the city of Mosul. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers formulated a null hypothesis, that there is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of students with learning difficulties and the experimental group who studied according to the tower-building strategy and the average scores of students with difficulties in the control group who studied according to the usual method in the post-test to acquire some mathematical concepts. The research sample amounted to (20) male and female students with learning difficulties. The researchers used the experimental method with two equivalent groups. Al-Zahraa Elementary School was chosen as an experimental group consisting of (10) male and female students and Al-Jamaheer School as a control group consisting of (10) male and female students. The researchers rewarded the two research groups with some variables (chronological age, intelligence level, educational level of parents, mathematics scores, at the end of the year). To achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared behavioral objectives. The scientific material consisted of (15) behavioral objectives and teaching plans, and after processing the data statistically using the statistical package (SPSS), the results showed the existence of a statistically significant difference between the two groups in testing some mathematical concepts in favor of the experimental group, which studied according to the tower-building strategy. In light of the research results, the researchers presented in the current research a set of recommendations and proposals, including that the tower-building strategy has an effect on the acquisition of some mathematical concepts among special education students and for the concerned educational authorities, especially the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh Governorate, to conduct a study similar to the strategy in other variables (creative thinking, problem solving).

The current research aims to identify the effect of the camera shot strategy on the acquisition of vocabulary among second-grade female students. To achieve the research objective, the researchers formulated a single null hypothesis. They also used an experimental design with two groups (control and experimental), with a sample size of 67 students, consisting of 35 students in the control group and 32 students in the experimental group. The researchers ensured equivalence between the two groups in several variables. The experimental group was taught using the camera shot strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method, Afterwards, the researchers statistically analyzed the results, which showed significant statistical differences in the vocabulary acquisition test in favor of the post-test and significant statistical differences between the mean difference between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. In light of the research results, the researchers made several recommendations, the most important of which is the use of the "camera" strategy in elementary schools. The researchers also presented a set of suggestions, the most important of which is the necessity of using the camera snapshot strategy in teaching reading, due to its role in raising the learner's academic level.
The researchers presented a set of future studies, including: the impact of using the camera snapshot strategy in teaching reading and developing some multiple intelligences among second-grade female students.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the information consolidation strategy on acquiring scientific concepts in the science subject for third grade primary school students)
To achieve the research objective, the researchers developed a null hypothesis that was subjected to experimentation. The size of the research sample was (64) students, divided into two groups, with (32) students for the experimental group, and (32) students for the control grou
Equivalence was carried out between the students of the two research groups in the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, intelligence test, and previous year's grades in science, total grades for all subjects, parents' academic achievement)
After the researchers identified the educational material, they sought to formulate the behavioral objectives of the topics, and their number was (90) behavioral objectives. They also prepared teaching plans with (48) plans, with (24) plans for both groups.
The researchers prepared their research tool, which was a multiple-choice concept acquisition test consisting of (30) items measuring the three cognitive levels (knowledge, understanding, application). Its validity and reliability were confirmed using the Kuder-Richardson-20 method, and it was (0.74), as well as the discriminating power of its items and the effectiveness of the incorrect alternatives for the items. After processing the data statistically using the statistical package system (SPSS), the results showed a statistically significant difference between the scores of the students of the two groups in acquisition in favor of the experimental group.

The research goal in knowing the effect that can be created through the application of an educational program based on active learning strategies in science subject among fifth grade primary students and developing their life skills on the experimental group compared to their peers in the control group, and to achieve this goal the following hypotheses were drafted: -There is no difference with statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) between the average levels In life skills between the experimental group, which was studied according to the proposed tutorial and the control group, which was studied in the usual way. There is no difference with statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the tribal and remote tests of the life skills of the combat of the combat that was studied according to the proposed tutorial. The researcher used the experimental curriculum for a community of research consisting of fifth -grade primary students, as a school Tal Hayla for Boys was chosen to represent the research sample. The researcher has prepared a measure of the selected life skills consisting of (40) paragraphs of (10) paragraphs for each field and its sincerity and stability were confirmed, and the program was applied in the first semester of the academic year 2025/2024 on 10/15/2024 and applied the dimension of the dimension of the dimension on 2024/12/30 And proposals.

The current research aims to identify “The Effect of a Drawing Program on Developing Multiple Intelligences in Kindergarten Children.” To achieve the research goal, the researcher proposed two hypotheses that were tested experimentally. The research sample consisted of (50) boys and girls from Al-Qasiyah Kindergarten in Nineveh Governorate at the preparatory stage.
The researcher relied on an intelligence measure, namely the “Draw-a-Person” test by Good enough, as well as a drawing program that includes (9) diverse activities. The validity of the tool was confirmed by presenting it to a group of experts and specialists, and its reliability was verified through the test-retest method using Pearson correlation coefficient, which reached (0.82(
The researcher applied the tool to the kindergarten children, and after statistically processing the data using the paired t-test, the results showed statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in favor of the posttest
Additionally, the independent samples t-test was used to calculate equivalence and the child’s rank among siblings. The results showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level of (0.05).
In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions and recommendations.
Conclusions:The use of a drawing program had an effect on developing the intelligence of kindergarten children.
Recommendations:Emphasizing the importance of art education lessons during the kindergarten stage.
Suggestions:Conducting a study on analyzing children's drawings while considering the gender variable (males–females).

The current research aims to identify smartphone addiction among students of the College of Basic Education, and smartphone addiction among students of the College of Basic Education according to the variable of specialization (scientific, humanities). The researcher followed the descriptive approach in his research. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the smartphone addiction scale prepared by (Al-Harbi and Abdul-Aleem, 2022), which consists of (24) items. The researcher verified the apparent validity of the smartphone addiction scale and calculated its stability using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The researcher applied the scale to the research sample of (222) male and female students from the College of Basic Education. The sample was selected using a stratified random method. The research data were processed using statistical methods that are compatible with the nature and objectives of the current research, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, the t-test for one sample, and the t-test for two samples. The research results reached:
1. Students of the College of Basic Education do not have addiction to smartphones.
2. There is no statistically significant difference between students according to specialization ( (Scientific, humanistic) on smartphone addiction.
In light of the research findings, the researcher made several recommendations, including:
Holding awareness seminars and lectures that inform students of the dangers of smartphone addiction and its negative psychological, social, physical, and health effects, and the necessity of optimal use.
Suggestions include:
Conducting research on the variable of smartphone addiction among different academic groups.

The current research aims to know learning methods and tools used to teach kindergarten children academic expertise from point of view of headmistresses and teachers. Researcher adopted descriptive method due to its appropriateness. Sample consisted of (160) teachers and (31) headmistresses in (31) mainstream kindergarten in center of Mosul. Researcher made measurement tool of two lists: First included (20) methods followed teach kindergarten children. Second included (15) teaching tools followed to teach kindergarten children. After treating data using percentage weight, Researcher found that commonly used method was show with (91.1%) then rhymes (89.3%) whereas the least used method were (in ascending style) field trips (34.2%) and e-learning (39.2%). As for the most commonly used tools were cards (100%), then various pictures (98.6%). The least used tools were (in ascending style) data show (24.4%) then educational television (50.1%). Researcher recommends: teachers as well as headmistresses of kindergarten must pay attention to modern methodologies appropriate pedagogical environment to ensure active and positive interaction of children inside activities hall. The above mentioned persons (i.e. teachers and headmistresses) must be accustomed to updated techniques and mean to capture attention of children, to verify ways of delivering academic skills as well as keep up with in formation and technological development of our time.
Lastly but not least, Researcher made some suggestions such as: write study about problems facing kindergarten teachers to teach children academic expertise from teachers point of view.

The current research aims to identify the level of environmental cross-reactivity among kindergarten children, environmental cross-reactivity among kindergarten children according to the gender variable (male - female), and environmental cross-reactivity among kindergarten children according to the level variable (pre-kindergarten) , To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a test for environmental interaction consisting of (20) items. After verifying the psychometric properties and discriminatory power of the test, the test was applied to the research sample consisting of (250) kindergarten children. The researcher used the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data statistically , The results showed the following: Kindergarten children enjoy environmental interaction, the presence of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable, and the presence of statistically significant differences according to the level variable (kindergarten - preschool), Based on the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations, including: conducting training courses to qualify female teachers specializing in environmental matters to raise their level in performing their role towards their children in teaching them environmental reciprocal interaction and raising their awareness of it, The researcher also presented a number of proposals for future research, including: conducting a study that addresses environmental reciprocal interaction and its relationship to some variables such as (habits of mind - altruistic behavior).

Current research aims at defining relation of multiple intelligences with motivation towards learning for students of teachers of first graders department . Researchers adopted descriptive method due to its appropriateness . Sample was (60) students of second and third stages . Researchers used two ready made tools : first : is (Abdulnoor 2021) scale for multiple intelligences of (73) items with three alternatives ( a lot , sometimes , rarely ) . Second : (Hussein and Khalid 2022) scale for learning motivation with (36) items of three alternatives ( totally me , moderately me , rarely me ) . Data were treated statistically using (T-Test for one and two independent samples , Pearson conjunction factor ) . Researchers concluded :
1-students have high levels of multiple intelligences
2-students have high levels of motivation towards learning
3-There is a positively moral relation between multiple intelligences and motivation towards learning for students of the department
Given these above-mentioned results, researchers made a group of recommendations and suggestions

The current research aims to identify the level of attractive personality among students of the College of Basic Education, identify the significant differences in attractive personality according to gender (males-females), and identify the difference in the level of attractive personality among students of the College of Basic Education according to the variable of academic grade (first-4). The work begins with the descriptive structure to suit the nature of the research, which is varied in different colors. The research consists of (200) A male and female student were selected randomly from the research community represented by students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the (Al-Ubaidi and Al-Hanakawi, 2021) tool for the research. After extracting the apparent validity and reliability by the test and retest method, the number of paragraphs of the scale in its final form reached (30) paragraphs, and the reliability coefficient of the scale reached (0.85) The data were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social and Human Sciences. The research results showed the presence of a statistically significant difference in the attractive personality among students of the College of Basic Education and the absence of a statistically significant difference in the attractive personality according to the gender variable (males - females) and the academic grade (first - fourth). In light of the results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

The objectives of the current research are as follows:
1.To measure psychological resilience among special education teachers.
2.To measure coping strategies for stress among special education teachers.
3. To identify the relationship between psychological resilience and coping strategies for stress.
The research focused on special education teachers in schools with special education classes in the city of Mosul for the academic year 2024-2025. The sample consisted of 120 teachers, with 50 male teachers and 70 female teachers, representing 32% of the original population of 378 teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a psychological resilience scale and a stress coping strategies scale developed by the researcher, ensuring the application of their psychometric indicators and characteristics. After statistical processing, it became clear that special education teachers have a good level of psychological resilience, and they also exhibit a good rate of using coping strategies. Regarding the relationship between the two variables, the results showed a positive correlation, which aligns with the idea that an increase in psychological resilience leads to an increase in the level of coping strategies. In light of the research findings, the researcher offers a set of recommendations and suggestions based on the data obtained.

The current research aims to identify the level of psychological weaning and the level of (psychological-social) status and the relationship between them among students in the Department of Special Education. The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students selected using a stratified random sampling method. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used two ready-made tools: the first is the Al-Taie scale (2013) to identify psychological weaning, which consists of (30) items in its final form with three alternatives (agree, neutral, disagree). The (Mutashar, 2020) scale for identifying the (psychological-social) status, consisting of (37) items in its final form with four alternatives (applies to me to a large extent, applies to me to a medium extent, applies to me to a small extent, does not apply to me). The researchers extracted the apparent validity of the two scales by presenting them to a group of experts in the field of educational and psychological sciences. Then, the researchers extracted the reliability by retesting, where the reliability coefficient for psychological weaning reached (0.90), while for the (psychological-social) status (0.92). The data were statistically processed using appropriate statistical methods and the Statistical Package for Humanities and Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The researchers reached the following results: Students of the Special Education Department have psychological weaning, but to a small extent. They also have a good level of (psychological-social) status. The results also showed that there is a positive and good correlation between the two variables. At the end of their research, the researchers reached a set of recommendations and proposals.
The current research aims to identify the level of psychological weaning and the level of (psychological-social) status and the relationship between them among students in the Department of Special Education. The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students selected using a stratified random sampling method. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used two ready-made tools: the first is the Al-Taie scale (2013) to identify psychological weaning, which consists of (30) items in its final form with three alternatives (agree, neutral, disagree). The (Mutashar, 2020) scale for identifying the (psychological-social) status, consisting of (37) items in its final form with four alternatives (applies to me to a large extent, applies to me to a medium extent, applies to me to a small extent, does not apply to me). The researchers extracted the apparent validity of the two scales by presenting them to a group of experts in the field of educational and psychological sciences. Then, the researchers extracted the reliability by retesting, where the reliability coefficient for psychological weaning reached (0.90), while for the (psychological-social) status (0.92). The data were statistically processed using appropriate statistical methods and the Statistical Package for Humanities and Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The researchers reached the following results: Students of the Special Education Department have psychological weaning, but to a small extent. They also have a good level of (psychological-social) status. The results also showed that there is a positive and good correlation between the two variables. At the end of their research, the researchers reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

The research aims to identify:
The level of communicative competence among kindergarten teachers.
dentify the level of significance of differences according to the variables (marital status, educational qualification, age).
The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature and objectives of this study. The research sample consisted of (112) kindergarten teachers, (55) from the right-hand side of the kindergarten and (57) from the left-hand side. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a communicative competence tool consisting of (30) items. Validity and reliability were verified, with the expert agreement rate reaching (90%), and the reliability rate using the split-half method reaching (83%). The SPSS statistical package was used to process the data and interpret the results. The current research reached the following conclusions:
Kindergarten teachers possess a high level of communicative competence.
There are no statistically significant differences in the level of communicative competence attributed to the variables (marital status, educational qualification, age).

The current research aims to identify problem-solving thinking among kindergarten children To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the Al-Ghariri and Ibrahim (2010) test for problem-solving thinking,The kindergarten children have a test consisting of (30) paragraphs in its final form with two alternatives (1,0), and then it was The scale was applied to (150) boys and girls distributed on across ten government kindergartens, the results were extracted, Psychometric properties (validity and reliability) where validity was extracted by presenting the test on A group of arbitrators in the field of psychological and educational sciences, the reliability was extracted using Kuder-Richardson equation 20, the reliability coefficient scored (0.84), and the t-test was used Results were as folloos, For a single sample to extract the level of both problem perception skill and the skill of choosing the correct solution The problem, and the t-test for two independent samples to find the differences between males and females in the two skills Realizing the problem and choosing the right solution, the researcher reached the following results: “There are differences between The sample mean score and the hypothetical mean of the test, and this difference is in favor of the sample mean score, That is, children have problem-solving thinking and there are no statistically significant differences, Between the average scores of children on the problem-solving thinking test according to the gender variable, and in In light of the results, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The study was conducted in the Representative office of the Ministry of Education in Erbil, and aimed at identifying the evaluation of the performance of Arabic language teachers in the Representative Office of the Ministry of Education in Erbil. Then, To achieve the aim of this research , the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (25) items that constitute a set of comprehensive quality standards in education. The researcher confirmed its validity and reliability, and then the researcher applied it to the basic research sample, putting in front of each skill three alternatives, which are (in a large degree, in a medium degree, in a weak degree), and the research sample reached a number of (68) teachers of Arabic language in the Representative Office of the Ministry of Education in Erbil
The researcher used the appropriate statistical methods for the nature of the research, which are (Pearson's correlation coefficient - weighted mean - weight percentile) . The results of the current research revealed that the teachers of the Arabic language in the research sample were weak in general, and according to these the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals

The current research aims to identify the statistical significance of the average degrees of communication apprehension among students of the College of Basic Education, as well as to identify the statistical significance of the differences in the average degrees of communication apprehension according to the variable of gender (males, females), academic stage (second, fourth), as the research sample amounted to (400) male and female students, with (220) male students and (120) female students from the College of Basic Education, and the apprehension scale was relied upon. The communication prepared by Al-Naqshbandi (2005) consists of (38) paragraphs and is applied to students of the College of Basic Education to measure communication apprehension. Apparent validity was extracted and the scale paragraphs obtained an agreement rate of (80%). Reliability was extracted using the Cronbach’s alpha method, as the reliability rate reached (0.828). The data were processed statistically using the statistical package (SPSS) for the social sciences, and the t-test was relied upon for one sample and two samples. Two independent tests were conducted to measure the variable of contact apprehension and to identify the gender (male - female) and the educational stage (second - fourth). The results showed that the students of the College of Basic Education have an average contact apprehension, and there is a statistically significant difference between the students for the variable of gender (males and females) in favor of females, and there is a statistically significant difference between the students for the variable of the type of educational stage (second - fourth) in favor of the fourth stage. The researchers also recommend organizing seminars. The scientific, psychological, and educational projects help students achieve the best levels of psychological, educational, and social compatibility. To complement the current research, the researchers propose conducting future studies, including \"communication apprehension and its relationship to academic achievement among university students.\"

Abstract of the research: The aim of the research is to identify the degree of possession of NLP skills by kindergarten teachers. The significant differences in the skills of NLP among kindergarten teachers according to: A- Years of experience (less than 5 years - more than 5 years) B- Educational qualification (kindergarten - other), the significance of the significant differences in the level of individual communication skills, which are represented in (thinking, perception, belief) among kindergarten teachers. The significance of the significant differences in the level of the individual’s communication skills with others, which are represented in (human relations, problem solving, representative systems) among kindergarten teachers. The research community included kindergarten teachers in the city of Mosul, and a random sample of (120) teachers was selected from them to answer the paragraphs of the scale that was adopted from the study. (Abdul Aal and Bani Hani 2015), and after confirming its validity and reliability, the social statistical bag was relied upon in processing the data and obtaining the following results: Kindergarten teachers have a good level of neurolinguistic development skills. There are significant differences in favor of more experienced teachers, but there were no significant differences according to the educational qualification. The highest skill was representational systems and the last skill in the ranking was social relations.
Based on the research results, a number of recommendations were included, including adding a curriculum that addresses neuro-linguistic programming skills in particular, and soft and hard skills within the curricula presented to kindergarten students.
And a number of proposals for future research on neuro-linguistic programming skills among other samples, such as university professors.

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of puppet theater in developing Islamic manners among kindergarten children. To achieve this objective, the researchers selected a sample of 30 boys and girls, divided into two groups: 15 children in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The researchers also developed a tool to assess Islamic manners, consisting of 18 items in its final form. The validity and reliability of the tool were established, with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 using the internal consistency method. After statistically analyzing the data, the results indicated that puppet theater was effective in enhancing Islamic manners among children in the experimental group. Based on these findings, the researchers proposed several recommendations and suggestions, including adopting puppet theater as a permanent educational feature in both public and private kindergartens, allocating a specific time slot for it in the weekly schedule, and conducting a similar study to explore the impact of puppet theater on developing health awareness among kindergarten children

The current research aims to measure the level of fine motor skills among special education students in the center of Nineveh Governorate and to determine the significance of differences in the level of motor skills among special education students according to the gender variable (males - females). The current research was limited to special education students in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2024-2025)
The researchers relied on the descriptive approach because it is compatible with the nature of the research and its objectives. The research sample consisted of150 male and female students. As for the tool, the researchers prepared a test for fine motor skills consisting in its initial form of 13 paragraphs that was applied 0,82 to special education students. The research reached the results, including the presence of a difference in favor of the arithmetic mean, meaning that the students have fine motor skills and the presence of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (males, females) in favor of males.

The political decision-makers in Israel, in accordance with their aggressive policies, did everything in their power to incite and pressure within the corridors of the American administration to develop war plans according to timings that are consistent with the new Middle East roadmap that was born from within Israel as constants that are consistent with The shared interests of Zionist Jews and the neoconservatives in the US administration against Iraq under the pretext of protecting the security and stability of the so-called State of Israel, its government and people. The war led by the United States of America against Iraq in 2003 was the beginning of what happened in terms of systematic diversity of influence in the judiciary and the educational system.

The research deals with the study of one of the expressive forms of the connected link, which is (semi-sentence) with its components (preposition, prepositional phrase, and adverb), to find out the nature of this expression with Al-Mutanabbi poetry, and the function provided by the text, and the effectiveness of the semi-sentence in achieving the appropriate evidence, and we have chosen from each kind of the characters or from the adverbs verse; The first is for the preposition and the prepositional phrase, and the second: for the semi-sentence, and we have preceded them with a preface in which we explain the concept of the connected link, its classifications, and the nature of the allocation of the connected semi-sentence, and its conditions for use, and the resources on which we relied were the explanations of the Diwan, linguistic dictionaries, grammar books, interpretation, rhetoric, and Allah is the supporter .

The virtue of sending blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH) is great in both this life and the Hereafter. Through it, divine mercy and blessings descend upon the one who prays for him. A Muslim earns the reward of obeying Allah and follows the example of Allah and His angels in sending blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH). Allah Almighty has commanded us to do so, as He says:"Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, send blessings upon him and greet him with peace." (Al-Ahzab: 56) Sending blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH) is an act of honoring him, completing one's faith, increasing good deeds, and erasing sins. For this reason, I wanted to collect and study the benefits and rewards of invoking blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH), as mentioned by some well-versed scholars. I have also added some subtle reflections, hoping that Allah may have mercy on me and grant me the intercession of our beloved Prophet (PBUH).

This research dealt with the use of inferring of analogs in the Hadith books because of the importance of the Hadith in enriching the Arabic language, knowing that the grammarians differed in the permissibility of quoting the Hadith of the prophet, because it is narrated in the sense, so the grammarians employed the counterpart to determine or prove a grammatical rule, or sometimes come to consult it , so the grammarian would give the Hadith first, and then prove to him analogs from the Holy Quran, or from the words of the Arabs poetry and prose. So we started by naming the issue-the subject of the study - and then treating it with the grammarians to find out the extent to which it corresponds to the grammatical rule, and then we followed that up by mentioning the Hadith according to its narration by the grammarians, and presenting the counterpart as an example that the grammarian proved to find out the extent to which he agreed with the Hadith

Seeds of sweet fennel, anise, coriander, and fenugreek were planted in the Mosul Dam area on 20/12/2017 under rain-fed conditions, with the application of nitrogen fertilization in the form of urea. Fertilizers were broadcast on 21/1/2018, and the seeds were harvested starting from 2/6/2018. The percentage of active essential oils was estimated using a Soxhlet apparatus, with two types of organic solvents—petroleum ether and ethyl alcohol—employed. The volatile oil content was measured according to the A.O.A.C. method, commonly used for estimating elements, oils, carbohydrates, and other compounds.
The results were statistically analyzed using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and processed via the SAS software (SAS, 1985). Means were compared using the LSD test at a 5% probability level. The statistical analysis revealed that coriander significantly outperformed the other cultivated plants in terms of yield per dunam, primarily due to anise\'s lack of drought tolerance, as the cultivation relied solely on rainfall. Additionally, sweet fennel showed a significantly higher oil production compared to the other plants.
The study aimed to evaluate the success of rain-fed cultivation for these species and assess whether rain-fed agriculture, supplemented with nitrogen fertilizers, is economically viable. It also examined the impact on productivity—both quantitatively and qualitatively—as well as the percentage of volatile oils in the four species, which play a crucial role in producing antioxidants and phenolic compounds with significant medicinal value.

Turkey contributed efforts on several levels to stop the war, whether on the diplomatic or military level, providing humanitarian aid, establishing demilitarized zones, issuing resolutions through the UN Security Council, and finally establishing an international court concerned with prosecuting war criminals who participated in that war, Turkey also had a clear role through the United Nations and the international community. These positions were multiple, some of which were within the diplomatic activity, especially at the beginning of the events, through the United Nations and the UN Security Council, and some of which were military through NATO and its participation with military forces despite the marginal role of this participation.

The current research aims to identify the availability of multiple intelligences in the Life and Family Skills book for the first grade of primary school in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, the researcher prepared a list of indicators of multiple intelligences in light of Gardner's theory, which should be available to first grade students. Using the descriptive analytical approach with content analysis, the results showed that the following intelligences: linguistic, logical, visual, physical, social, personal, naturalistic, and existential are available at a low degree, and the availability rate was limited to (0.03%, 31%), while musical intelligence was not available in the Life and Family Skills book. The reason for this may be due to the nature of the scientific material and its focus on a group of skills practiced in the child's life, especially in his early years, and these are related to language, numbers, enumeration, different places, and interaction with others. There is agreement in the results of the content analysis of the Life and Family Skills book according to the first and second semesters in eight intelligences at a rate of (89%), which means no difference in the degree of availability. The difference was in logical/mathematical intelligence, where the availability level was very low in the first semester at (19%), and low in the second semester at (30%). These results emphasize the need to review the intelligence skills and activities in the book in general and to add many activities necessary for the child at this age.

This research aims to study the range of concerns regular teachers have concerning the inclusion of students with special needs in basic schools within the center of Duhok Governorate. It also seeks to reveal statistical differences in these concerns based on gender and years of service. The researcher accepted a descriptive method for the study, and the sample was selected randomly, focusing on regular teachers working in basic schools in the center of Duhok Governorate during the academic year (2023-2024). The research community contained of 8,173 male and female teachers, from which 105 were selected as the sample for the study.
To meet the research objectives, the teachers' concerns scale created by Sharma and Desai, which comprises 24 items, was applied. To approve the rationality of the research instrument, both its apparent validity and translation validity were assessed, and its dependability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
The data were statistically processed using arithmetic averages, t-tests for one and two independent samples, one-way analysis of variance, and Cronbach's alpha. The consequences designated that regular teachers have certain concerns about the inclusion of individuals with special needs in basic schools, with male teachers expressing greater concerns than their female counterparts. Conversely, the findings did not reveal significant differences in the level of worries between new and experienced teachers, suggesting that these concerns are not necessarily linked to the number of years of experience related to the integration process.
In light of the final results, the research came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The oxidation resistance of the austenitic alloy AISI 304 was studied, after being coated by cementing with aluminum at a high temperature of 900°C, because the alloy is used industrially, and in very harsh environmental conditions such as sulfur and oxidation. A light microscope was used in the research, to study the structural composition of the alloy, In its three phases, X-ray diffraction was used to determine the phases.In addition to measuring the hardness, the results proved that the coated alloy gave a high oxidation resistance of about 75% of the base alloy, while the corrosion resistance increased by 100% after treating it to the same degree.