The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
Historicity of the Qur’an refers to limiting it to a certain historical period, emphasizing that the meaning is influenced by the historical background, cultural realities, and conditions of the time of the text. This topic has long antecedence among scholars, some believing that religious discourse of Holy Scriptures is influenced by the worldview and original thoughts, thus, not related to the language and scientific beliefs of our time. Muslim thinkers interpret this concept differently. This is reflected in the works of intelligentsias like Abu Zayd, which influenced the academic discussions regarding scriptures as well as Muslims’ practices. Arguing for Qur'an’s historicity, Abu Zayd cites the changes and evolutions in the meanings of Qur'an, rendering it in the category of action. The main question of this descriptive-analytical research is: on what basis does Abu Zayd claim that Qur'an is limited to history, and what is the refute of his claim? This research tries to eliminate the doubt about Qur'an’s historicity, taking it as a timeless entity. The research concludes that the Qur'an is not confined to history, for otherwise, it would contradict the very purpose of it’s revelation–i.e., guidance of mankind at all times–which is accepted by the theorist.

Abstract:-
The present study aims at investigating the tact and generosity maxims in Kamala Harris’s speech ; it primarily focuses on investigating the sub maxims of these maxims and explores how these maxims are used to win its employment with Searle’s impositives and commissives as well as the negative and positive politeness strategies. This study uses an eclectic model that is an Leech’s politeness theory (1983), Searle’s classification impositives and commissives (1979), and Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1987). All in all, the results of the analysis yield that it can be noticed various sub maxims have been utilized in Kamala's speech.The sub maxim of maximizing the benefit to other is most frequently used one.The result indicates that naturally, Kamala employs tact maxim in her remarks, especially maximizing the benefit to others. She aspires to inspire her people to vote and encourage Americans to participate in defending about democracy.

Abstract:-
In this study, two American novels are chosen, "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker (1982) and "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood (1985), to scrutinize sexism as a kind of gender-based linguistic discrimination. Sexism, as a social phenomenon, has been studied in classroom discourse, political speeches, popular songs, and other sorts of discourse. However, investigating sexism in American novels has not been conducted, particularly from a sociopragmatic perspective. Thus, the present study attempts to bridge this gap by identifying the socio strategies of sexism and the conversational implicature and its manifestation in the data under scrutiny. The present study tries to answer the following questions:(1) What are the socio strategies of sexism detected in the novels under study? (2) Which tropes are detected in the selected novels that show sexism? thus, the study aims to: (1) investigate the socio strategies of sexism detected in the novels under study (2) identify the tropes used to show sexism in the novels under study. In association with the aim, the study sets out the following hypothesis:(1) overt and indirect sexism are the socio strategies of sexism that appear in the novels under study.(2) several tropes are used to show sexism in the selected novels, such as irony, rhetorical question, and metaphor. Based on the findings, the study concludes that:(1) overt and indirect sexism are the socio strategies of sexism that appear in the data.(2) Overstatement, tautology, understatement, irony, metaphor, and rhetorical question are used, from the highest percentages and frequencies to the lowest, to show sexism in the selected novels.

Abstract:-
When analyzing and evaluating literary texts, stylistic studies has adopted a certain approach. This study aims to investigate flashbacks and foreshadowing methods in which Betool Khedairi emphasizing in Absent. The most common uses of foreshadowing and flashbacks in literature are in the novel genre of works. This research was conducted in order to explore the challenges that surround the application of flashback and foreshadowing in Absent: Presenting foreshadowing is done through linguistic structures that aren't the same as those used to present flashback scenes; some break from the linguistic rules that are used to construct foreshadowing, while others improve upon these rules. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to illustrate how Khedairi used several stylistic elements to create foreshadowing and flashback scenes, as well as to determine which category is more frequently used when creating foreboding remarks and flashback scenes. Thus, it is possible to hypothesize that the use of flashback is linked to rules that are being reinforced, while the use of foreshadowing is connected to deviant rule structures. It is also possible to propose that foreshadowing is introduced in the context of linguistic deviation and flashback in the context of linguistic parallelism. In order to study the usage of foreshadowing and flashback, the researcher has selected a model based on foregrounding theory, which was adapted from Leech and Short(2007) and Leech(1969).

Abstract:-
The human resource of an organization is indispensable and considered as a more valuable resource as compared with other tangible and intangible assets. People are obviously a vital asset, and even technology does not replace the people, in the business enterprise, loyal personnel may be a much more important asset than a stock of merchandise. The process of attaching the monetary value to human resource and it's reporting as an asset in the financial statements of companies is referred to as Human Resource Accounting (HRA). It is obvious that absence of human resource as an asset on the balance sheet contravene the accrual principles of the disclosure, underestimate the firm's net worth and current income and thereby it does not reflect the true and fair value of the organization. Companies use accounting to communicate t to all stakeholders about their operating performance and position at a particular time.

Abstract:-
This study investigates the impact of government subsidies on the costs and profitability of quail farming in Saravan County. Given the region's specific conditions and the high costs of energy and feed, the aim of this research is to compare the economic status of two groups of quail farmers: those who benefit from government subsidies and those who operate without them. Data were collected from several quail farming units through interviews and questionnaires. The analysis was conducted using partial budgeting and cost-benefit analysis methods.
The results indicate that subsidized farmers achieve a net profit of 2,570,000 Tomans per 100 quails, whereas non-subsidized farmers incur a net loss of 750,000 Tomans for the same number of birds due to higher feed and energy costs. This discrepancy is mainly attributed to the elevated expenses for feed and electricity in the non-subsidized group. Consequently, subsidies play a crucial role in the profitability of quail farming units. It is recommended that non-subsidized farmers adopt management techniques such as insulating facilities and optimizing energy consumption to reduce costs. Furthermore, strengthening government support policies in providing essential inputs, including feed and fuel, could significantly improve the economic viability of this sector.

Abstract:
American Drama is enriched with Tennessee`s play, in which he mixes universal topics and his own personal life and experience to represent this masterpiece. He enriches this play with his clever use of symbols, details, psychology and the southern accent, which all come together to show the real life of an American family that has dreams and each one of them escapes to his own world because every one of them does not seem to fulfill his own dream. They keep swinging between the past and the present or between imagination (dream and illusions) and reality. It seems that it is the way they handle life. Tennessee has included all the successful elements to make this play a hit.

1- Abstract:-
Literature has always been a discrete area for women to express their hopes, desires and fears to gain recognition in patriarchal societies. The female characters have long been associated with the usual strict stereotypes as passive, irrational, weak and compassionate. They have always been seen as the lowest sex in need of a savior, restricting their function to being saved rather than rescuing others. This study deals with two novels published in the 20th century, Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse (1927) and Margaret Laurence’s A Jest of God (1966) whose female characters, Rachel and Lily Briscoe, are a good example of the new female who is determined to survive with dignity until she gets free.
The two female protagonists in To The Lighthouse and A Jest of God undertake a journey from survival to freedom, each in her own way and according to the norms of the society in which they live. In both countries, England and Canada, women were alienated at that time, but many of them were also willing to break the chains. Rachel in A Jest of God is struggling to liberate herself, as the same as Lily Briscoe in To the Lighthouse. Lily Briscoe is an artist, and she is unmarried and Rachel is a thirty-four-year-old schoolmistress who lives with her widowed mother. Both initiate the same journey toward freedom. Lily Briscoe struggles against the dominant patriarchal male characters and submissive female characters, such as Mrs. Ramsay, who still belongs to the Victorian Age, trying to find her own way out. Just like Lily Briscoe, Rachel in A Jest of God moves from one phase of life to another, trying to liberate herself from the patriarchal prison and rigid gender roles. However, unlike her, Rachel feels crippled without a man; she seeks a man’s attention to satisfy her sexual, emotional and social needs. This study will describe the two women’s isolation from their society and their journey from survival to freedom to find peace and harmony with that society in the end. It will also present the narrative techniques used to portray the characters’ isolation and show their human condition.

Abstract:-
Research Aim: Obesity is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century and is one of the most important causes of the spread of disease and widespread mortality among different societies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of circular resistance training and High Intensity Functional Training on insulin resistance index and glucose control levels in overweight and obese men.
Research method: In this quasi-experimental study, with a pre-test-post-test design, 36 young active men with an age range of 25 to 35 years were randomly selected and divided into three groups of intense functional training, circular resistance training and control. Blood sampling was performed in two stages: pre-test (24 hours before the start of the intervention period) and post-test (48 hours after the end of the intervention period) Was performed. During this period, the control group engaged in their daily activities; While the training groups performed the desired exercises. The collected data were analyzed by dependent t-test and ANCOVA.
Findings: The results showed that fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, HOMA-IR of overweight and obese men were significantly higher after circular resistance training (P = 0.0001) and HIFT training (P = 0.0001) Decreased. The results showed that in overweight and obese men, the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance in the exercise groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P <0.05). But no significant difference was found between circular resistance training and HIFT training (P <0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the findings of the present study showed that intense circular and functional resistance training - both - reduced insulin resistance and glucose levels in obese and overweight men.

Abstract:-
The roads on which a person walks have many etiquettes, which Islam took care to explain and urged adherence to in many legal texts, for many considerations. The one who observes the etiquette of the road is in fact moving away from selfishness and self-love to live in the realm of love for the entire community and the will of good for every passerby who crosses the road. At the same time, it presents a beautiful picture of the society in which he lives. Whoever enters a society, the first thing he sees is the street, its cleanliness, its arrangement, and the behavior of those passing through it. All of that will reveal to him the nature of this society and the civilization of its people. From here we understand Islam’s emphasis on all These detailed vocabulary, the roads are the window through which observers look at the general aspects of Muslims’ lives and through them they get an impression of their way of life, and from them they explore their culture, since the actions that come from a person only reflect the culture that he carries.

Abstract:-
Objective: This research aims to design the hierarchical structure and causal relationships map of the food security enhancement strategy using the interpretive structural modeling methodology.
Methodology: The research relied on a mixed approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative part, a group of experts participated in a steering committee to express their opinions on how the strategies interact and have causal relationships, and these opinions were recorded within interpretive structural modeling codes in the self-interaction matrix of the strategies. Then, these codes were converted into quantitative data through the initial access matrix.
Results: The hierarchical structure of the causal relationships between the strategies was drawn using the interpretive structural modeling methodology at four levels. At the first level, strategies related to the financial aspect appeared, and at the second level, strategies related to stakeholders. At the third level, strategies related to internal operations were identified, and finally, at the fourth level, strategies related to growth and learning appeared.
Conclusion: The results showed that the logic behind the strategy is consistent with the balanced scorecard model. The levels identified from top to bottom are: growth and learning, internal operations, stakeholders, and financial aspects, which are consistent with the balanced scorecard views.

Abstract:-
One of the issues that should be addressed regarding the status and dignity of Imam Hussain (AS) from the perspective of Sunnis and contemporary Baloch poets is that Imam Hussain (AS) has a special status among Sunnis. Which should be rooted in the poets’ poems and Sunnis’ views and opinions. This research has used the descriptive and library method to collect information. In this research, we first introduce the poets with their poems in praise of our master Imam Hussain (AS) and express their love and affection for that noble person, and we analyze the poems in question. The results of this research show that the love of the Household of the Noble Messenger (peace be upon him and his family) has two aspects: material and spiritual. Another result of this research is a new perspective that will be created about the Ashura movement, which considers defending the oppressed and staying away from the oppressor, according to the Qur’an, authentic prophetic hadiths, and human nature, a necessary matter, and disobeying it is also a grave mistake. Imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu’man is one of the great leaders of the Sunnis, and he always had a spirit of opposing tyranny. Because his approach was very inspiring and effective for the Sunnis, we have seen among the Sunni scholars throughout history those who adopted his approach as a path to follow. This research was written with the aim of studying the biography of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) from Medina to Karbala, and showing that the divine tradition is summarized in that God Almighty does not give responsibility to anyone except on the basis of the necessary qualifications and characteristics, and this was clear in assigning divine responsibilities to the prophets and divine saints; All the prophets and messengers were chosen from among all the people of their time based on their merit and they took on the task of leading and guiding their society.
The research shed light on the Baloch poets who tried to portray the many virtues of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), such as: kindness to people, generosity, giving to the needy, chivalry, sacrifice, purity, charity and honor.

Abstract:-
The contemporary world still thinks about freedom and is obsessed with it in its awareness, policies and various positions, and demands respect for human rights and avoidance of human rights violations, whether against women, children or all genders and ages. This is an urgent priority in the countries of the Islamic world, which scholars sense in traditional and contemporary Islamic legislation. It is necessary and useful to reopen patterns of thinking and interpretation that move freedom from being an ideal idea and value; to being an approach or analytical concept in thinking, legislation, ethics, social and economic policies, and in building and exercising authority, and that this should be the result of a systematic interaction with the interpretations of Muslims in understanding it. These data push to open a window on awareness of freedoms in Islamic legislation; and to avoid all unjust and harsh violations against societies in the entire world. By studying the experience of Hanafi jurisprudence in theorizing the idea of freedom and using it as a methodological legislative tool in arranging rights and social systems, a number of contemporary scholars and thinkers have drawn attention to the depth of freedom and distancing from human violations in Abu Hanifa’s thought, and have provided important indications for this, perhaps the most prominent of whom from the jurisprudential context is Sheikh Muhammad Abu Zahra and from the political intellectual context is Hamid Abu Rabie) Therefore, this research talks about the position of Iraqi law on human violations against women and children, as well as talking about all unjust violations that affect any human being in the world as a whole. And the position of Iraqi law in responding to these violations through Iraqi legal penalties.

Abstract:-
Scholars have attempted to understand and interpret the Quran since its revelation; however, the neglect and occasional disregard of various types of interpretive narrations has led to problems such as interpretation based on personal opinion. This article aims to examine the position of different types of narrations in the two commentaries, Al-Mizan by Allamah Tabataba'i and Tasnim by Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. It explores these types of narrations, including those that clarify specific instances, hidden meanings, conceptual and verbal explanations, variant readings, and the teaching of interpretation. The methodology employed in this research is descriptive-analytical. This research demonstrates that the narrations included in the second ten parts of the Holy Qur'an in the two aforementioned commentaries are not limited to a single field but encompass various areas and categories. It also indicates that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli continued and completed the work of his teacher, the scholar Allamah, and that at times, despite his profound respect for the position of teacher, he expressed disagreement with him. At the same time, both scholars employed a similar approach in dealing with narrations.

Abstract:-
Language is a fundamental part of culture, which in turn defines the identity of peoples. In other words, language reflects the identity of societies. Language is used as a means of communication among members of society; when societies are deprived of their language, they lose their means of expression and communication. Societies interact and understand each other through language, so the existence of peoples without language is inconceivable. Given the important role that language plays in strengthening the foundations of social cohesion among peoples, in fostering rapprochement between Islamic schools of thought, and in contributing to intellectual development through positive guidance, it also contributes to preserving social customs and values. Furthermore, it strengthens belonging and identity, contributes to maintaining the unity and cohesion of society, and curbs deviant behaviors that threaten civil and social peace and security. Our study aimed to identify the type of language that can contribute to the unity of the Muslim Ummah through satellite television. The researcher employed a descriptive methodology, considered one of the most effective methods for data collection, and relied on existing studies. The study concluded with findings highlighting influential figures and focusing on common issues among Islamic schools of thought. It also included a set of recommendations: encouraging constructive dialogue using peaceful language that preserves Muslim unity on satellite television; producing purposeful and constructive content using clear and correct language; and creating dialogue programs that host moderate scholars and thinkers.

Abstract:-
The human world in general, and the Western world in particular, is witnessing a remarkable and rapid development in scientific discoveries and knowledge. This has led to the emergence of new tools in research and investigation methods. This, in turn, has posed a real challenge to Muslim scholars who continue to rely on traditional heritage to deal with contemporary life.
In light of this, the urgent and pressing need to reread the Quranic text and critique the Islamic heritage has emerged, based on new methods and tools that are consistent with the modern world. This is in the hope of finding appropriate answers to questions that remain unresolved in Islamic jurisprudence, especially those related to politics, society, economy, and others.
Among the most prominent figures who have contributed significantly to analyzing the Quranic text with great interest is the contemporary Arab thinker Dr. Muhammad Shahrour. He presented a new and unconventional approach based on deep critical thinking and precise linguistic analysis, engaging with Islamic jurisprudential heritage in a thematically objective manner.
This summarized study is an attempt to shed light on the visions and ideas of Shahrour, clarifying the legitimacy of his intellectual project, as well as the positions of scholars and traditional jurists regarding it, while briefly referring to some of his related ideas on women’s jurisprudence and inheritance laws. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Abstract:-
One of the important things for the researcher regarding the fiqhi matter, that he might deal with the fiqhi and Qur'anic foundations for his research subject, in order to let the reader know the way of the researcher thinking and his fiqhi backgrounds, and on the bases he adopted in inferring the results of his research .
In addition to the legal foundations; if the research is a comparison between the Sharia and law; to complete the correct view of the research topic.
This is what this study dealt with, the comparison between Sharia and positive law regarding an important issue which is the issue of the state responsibility for its employees' errors, and the discussion here is regarding the legal and fiqhi basis for the state's responsibility for the errors of its employees.

Abstract:-
Creed is the firm and unwavering belief in Allah the Almighty and all that is due to Him in terms of forms of monotheism. It is one of the scientific matters that every Muslim must believe in his heart and base his Islamic thinking on. Religion alone can grant a person inner peace and psychological stability in the midst of spiritual conflict and anxiety that plague contemporary man. Therefore, educators must be aware that belief in Allah the Almighty and His Messengers is an important foundation for building a righteous individual. Therefore, educational institutions must raise the level of moderate religious culture in their students, as ignorance of religion leaves them living in a vacuum that is easy for those who seek to influence them. This protects the thought of the seeker of knowledge from exploitation or attempts to lure him into adopting some deviant visions and ideas. In addition, it is the duty of the seeker of knowledge to seek the pleasure of Allah the Almighty by reviving the religion and preserving Islam, as the survival of Islam depends on knowledge. Every educational process is gradual according to the recipient's level of understanding and awareness, using multiple purposeful methods based on the innate approach that addresses the human's inner nature. This is followed by the necessity of constantly remembering Allah Almighty and contemplating the wonders of His creation. This requires thanking Allah Almighty and worshipping Him alone for His countless blessings. Therefore, educators are obligated to instill in their children the approach of pure monotheism, to raise them to observe Allah Almighty and to feel His closeness and protection of His faithful followers. They are also obligated to warn children against all foreign and deviant ideas that seek to lure young people into the abyss of sin and distance them from their religion.

Abstract:-
Guardianship and Imamate are divine matters that was explained in Hadith Al-Ghadir with its authentic narration which was supported by strong chains of transmission, and narrated by just witnesses who are known for their integrity by both sects. In addition, The Holy Qur'an , the narrations of the pure Imams , and the opinions of the interpreters confirm the authenticity and validity of the Hadith. However, the Hadith was fragmented and read intentionally and interpreted it in ambiguous ways, which led to the distortion of its content. Although the Qur'anic verses indicate that Ali, peace be upon him, is the Guardian of the Muslims, due to its brevity despite its being repeated in its entirety. Some people avoided speaking about it for fear of the brutality of the authorities and to prevent its spread, fearing that it would be used as evidence of the usurpation of authority and the illegitimacy of the rulers and would be evidence of their condemnation. Then the Hadith was interpreted and distorted to cover up these facts, knowing that the companions who were praising his holiness were the same ones who disobeyed and denied the orders of God Almighty, and the Sunnah of the Prophet.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that Nahj al-Balagha is a linguistic, literary, and religious treasure. Researchers continue to draw from its treasures, enriching their scholarly output and satisfying their needs. It is below the words of the Creator and above the words of creation.
Since the Imam (peace be upon him) was the source of eloquence and clarity in his sermons, wisdom, and exhortations, which guide people toward a sound approach that refines human behavior and distances them from deviation or doubt in faith and religion, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the individual and society. Hence, the idea of this research emerged, to clarify the significance of the root structures (هلك) in the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha, and how the Imam (peace be upon him) employed them to depict the sensory and moral scenes of destruction in a manner consistent with the linguistic context. Each word conveys its linguistic, contextual, and social meaning, neither disturbed nor discordant, but rather stable in its place, thus influencing the recipient.

Abstract:-
The city of Najaf Al-Ashraf holds a unique status, shaped by its rich scientific and religious heritage. It is home to the shrine of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), a figure deeply revered in the hearts of Muslims. Additionally, Najaf embraces an ancient religious seminary, making it a significant destination for students of religious sciences, particularly within the Shiite sect.
As a renowned religious center that draws the world’s attention, Najaf has profoundly influenced its writers and poets. The study of religious sciences has played a key role in shaping the city’s literary and intellectual landscape, bringing together scholars, writers, and thinkers.
This research aims to explore that influence by analyzing poetic models from a selection of Najaf’s poets. Using a methodological approach, this study examines the impact of religious culture on the flourishing of poetry in the city. It delves into how this culture has shaped the themes, ideas, and expressions of poets, as well as how the study of religious sciences in Najaf has influenced their linguistic and stylistic choices. As a result, the poetry of this city stands out with a distinct character, where religious culture serves as a fundamental and noticeable element.

Abstract:-
Amid the accelerating technological transformations of the contemporary world, there is a pressing need to reconsider the structure of educational curricula, particularly in their digital form, to ensure alignment with higher ethical and human values. This study explores the possibility of designing digital curricula grounded in an authentic value-basedb system, drawn from a comprehensive religious and intellectual framework. Such an approach aims to reinforce both the spiritual and behavioral dimensions of learners, fostering a balanced development of thought and character. The significance of this research stems from the need to harmonize digital content with deeply rooted educational values, in order to transcend the prevailing technocratic orientation of many current digital programs. The study is necessary in light of the identity and value-related challenges confronting learners in virtual learning environments, thus requiring educational models that reaffirm moral principles as a central pillar of the learning process. The research problem lies in the lack of a clear value-based vision in most digital curricula, leading to educational gaps that negatively impact learners' behaviors and orientations. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, based on a holistic religious perspective that analyzes ethically rich pedagogical texts and connects them with applicable models for digital education. The research aims to provide a structured framework for developing digital curricula that integrate both ethical and technological dimensions, thereby enhancing the quality of education and elevating individual and societal awareness.

Abstract:-
{Praise be to God Who revealed the Book on His servant and He did not make it crooked}. This the Book whose wonders are inexhaustible and whose strangeness never ends. Every time، you meditate on its verses، something new comes to you. In this research we have discussed repetition In the Holy Qur'an in its verbal، moral and emphatic forms. It is shown that it has another form that disappears after these forms، which is its true form that dominates these forms، which appear just for contemplating verses of the Qur'an that have similar wording or words. We stated that each repetition has a purpose، with meaning and examples from the holy verses، in a style of wisdom and its manifestations in the focus of repetition.
Among these verses that we have had the opportunity to study is what is mentioned in Surat Muhammad(May God pray on him and his family) about the repetition of the word (their deeds) and the word (to them)، as well as some verses. And from Surat al-Kaferoon (unbelievers)، the repetition purposes of its holy verses and others of repeated words in some holy verses. This was the tip of the iceberg of the enormous amount of this style included in the Holy Qur'an، hoping for reward from God Almighty for our work.

Abstract:-
This study examines the multidimensional role of sacred money—represented by khums, zakat, and religious donations—in shaping the political authority of religious groups in Iraq, across both Sunni and Shi‘i communities. The focus is not on these financial resources as mere instruments of economic support, but rather as symbolic mechanisms through which religious groups generate social and political legitimacy and activate their authority in the public sphere.
The research is grounded in the assumption that sacred money is not only used to address the needs of individuals and impoverished communities, but is also strategically deployed to construct networks of loyalty, consolidate influence, and reinforce the legitimacy of religious groups in competition with, or parallel to, the state. Thus, the analysis of collection and distribution mechanisms cannot be separated from the doctrinal structures of these groups, nor from the ritual contexts that bestow sanctity upon these resources and transform them from “funds” into a “symbolic medium of power.”
Methodologically, the study adopts a political-anthropological approach that links symbolic capital with religious capital, tracing how these resources are mobilized to produce legitimizing discourse and to engineer social spaces within neighborhoods and local communities—thereby strengthening the position of the religious group as a dominant political actor. The study further analyzes several distribution models, their transparency, monitoring mechanisms, and their connection to the religious or political leadership structures of the group.

Abstract:-
Verses and narrations are the most important resources at our disposal and the common criterion among us, which is a suitable source for us in various ethical, cognitive, belief, etc. issues. The Quran and the narrations of the Imams (peace be upon them) are also a suitable source and criterion for us to determine the appropriate model for humanity. On the other hand, the macroscopic and the path to achieving the superior model of man by using strengthening factors and withdrawing from weakening factors in line with being macroscopic and walking the path of happiness by using the criteria of the superior model, can benefit from the effects of being macroscopic in the field of individual, family and social life based on verses and narrations, effects such as freethinking, superior management,... and finally all-round modeling, in the discussions of weakening factors such as reprehensible dependence on the world and reprehensible prejudice and strengthening factors such as being pious from the world and reason and intuition of the heart and Sharia, clear and valuable material has been found in verses and narrations. This research has been compiled using an analytical method and based on library resources..

Abstract:-
Resistance literature encompasses a wide range of concepts. It refers to works that contain themes of objection and steadfastness in the face of any form of illegitimate and unlawful imposition of authority. Therefore, literary confrontation against authoritarian practices that violate international laws is considered a part of resistance literature. In his novel The Second Dog War, Ibrahim Nasrallah (b. 1954) employs a new style of objection to the practices of arrogant powers around the world. Through a fantastical narrative style and the use of various symbols such as symbolic characters and places, he addresses resilience against and resistance to global events. Due to oppression and the absence of freedom of expression, the author resorts to a world of fictional characters to confront many imposed global phenomena, including the spread of anger, fanaticism, class discrimination, and the prevalence of moral corruption. This contributes to raising public awareness about these issues and warning them of their consequences. He also portrays the suffering of the people by depicting massacres, destruction, environmental devastation, and moral decline. This study aims to analyze the elements of resistance literature in the novel The Second Dog War based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The results show that Ibrahim Nasrallah used a fantastical narrative style in this novel to raise awareness and encourage people to fight against anything that denies them their rights and hinders their progress.

Abstract:-
The efforts of Arabic scholars in the field of grammar, one of the most important linguistic sciences, became evident in the fourth century AH (the Seventh century CE) This was a result of the vigorous debates and sessions held by leading grammarians in mosques or caliphate palaces, These discussions continued into the following centuries, In the seventh century AH, scholarly activity and linguistic writings increased, Ibn Malik was one of the leading figures in grammar in this century, from whom many of his contemporaries and students learned and mentioned his name in their works, as grammarians benefited from his knowledge, This is what Ibn Jama'ah did, who, in the introduction to his book (Sharh al-Kafiya), referred to Three goals: collecting from his sheikh, arranging it according to what his writings contained, and presenting grammatical and morphological discussions in the light of Ibn Malik’s views, However, this does not mean absolute subordination to the latter, so the commentary loses its originality and creativity in composition, Rather, we find Ibn Jama’ah delving into each of his linguistic issues, and comparing one ruling to another to show the reader the advantage between them, Since the commentator was fond of grammar, the grammatical material in the chapters of his commentary was greater than the morphological material, Therefore, the grammatical character appeared in his composition, and we even find in it purely grammatical chapters.

Abstract:-
This research explores the complex and intricate relationship between the political system and public policy, with a focus on the role of formal institutions (legislative, executive, and judicial) in formulating and implementing these policies. The study clarifies how the political system, through both its formal and informal institutions, influences the policymaking process and how these institutions contribute to legitimizing, inclusiveness, and enforcement of public policies. Additionally, the research examines the effectiveness of formal institutions in this regard and the factors influencing them, such as the nature of the political system, the relationship between different branches of government, and the degree of institutional independence. It also highlights the importance of these institutions in translating the people's will into action plans and executive programs while operating within the constitutional limits of their authority.

Abstract:-
This research examines the influence of Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) in establishing the foundations of Qur'anic sciences, highlighting his scholarly standing and role in interpretation. He focuses on three main themes: the definitive and ambiguous verses, abrogating and abrogated verses, and the reasons for revelation, while analyzing the narrations attributed to him in these areas. The Imam demonstrated precision in distinguishing between religious texts, considering abrogation as a temporary law that does not conflict with God's absolute knowledge. He also emphasized the importance of knowing the reasons for revelation to correctly understand the Qur'anic context.
The research highlights that the Imam produced a large number of scholars and narrators who contributed to the dissemination of Quranic sciences, and that his interpretive approach was characterized by balance and objectivity, free from fanaticism. Thus, it contributed to building a comprehensive scientific reference that combines rational and spiritual interpretation, ensuring the continuity of his influence on the course of Quranic studies across generations.

Abstract:-
Nutritional supplements have played an essential role in enhancing the physical ability and athletic performance of athletes in various fields and levels.
These supplements, which include proteins, vitamins, minerals, and amino acid chains, provide the body with the important nutrients needed to improve performance, endurance, and speed recovery after strenuous exercise.
Its biological effect extends to stimulating metabolism, supporting growth and regeneration of muscle tissue, and even strengthening the immune system. However, it is necessary to be careful and choose nutritional supplements based on a scientific basis and under the supervision of experts, to ensure obtaining optimal benefits and avoiding any negative effects that may result from misuse or drug interactions.
In the research, we will discuss how the body benefits from nutritional supplements and their vital role in improving the performance of players.

Abstract:-
Correspondence, dispatches and missions between Europe and Mongols, played an important role to establish the Mongolian-European relations. Genghis Khan is considered one of the most sympathetic Mongol Khans to Christianity, and the first who granted them freedom in his kingdom. The Khans who came after him, such as Hulagu, Arghun, Abugha, and Tengku, followed suit. Interests were the main motivation for this correspondence. Mongols wanted a strong ally to support them in their struggle against the Mamluks, while Europe wanted the Papacy to Christianize the Mongols and covert them to the Catholic Christian faith. Although no official Mongol-Crusader alliance was established officially, the two sides continued to attempt to establish alliances throughout the thirteenth century.

Abstract:-
Examining the affairs of the Holy Qur'an from its various aspects is an urgent Islamic necessity that every Muslim must response to consciously, as the Holy Qur'an explains everything and is a source of guidance and mercy for the world. The Holy Qur'an is the eternal Devine Book, the Guidance of God is the base of the Islamic life, and its eternal miracle. It is the comprehensive and sufficient Islamic law for the happiness of humanity in all areas of life. The intellectual movement originated in the Holy Qur'an whereas the Islamic thought entered the horizons of the Holy Qur'an and is still continuing and moving within the horizons of the wise book of God. We are confident that it will succeed in achieving the main Islamic objectives which making it a comprehensive law that provides all needs of humanity. In response to this great global outcry, we chose the topic of our research to be: "Commonalities and Uniqueness in the sciences of of the Qur'an by Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al- Hakim and Nur al-Din Atar- A Comparative Study". This came on the base of their two books, " Sciences of the Qur'an, by Sayyid Al-Hakim, and "Sciences of the Qur'an" by Atar.The importance of the subject lies in the fact that the these two authors are contemporaries, and their books are considered among the richest university books in the present era, which indicates their modernity as they contain Qur'anic developments , and contemporary innovations and updates. On the other hand, One of them is a Sunni scholar and the other is A Shiite scholar; the opinions expressed in this research are a mixture of Islamic religious data from their various sects. Our methodology is based on the descriptive analytical and comparative approach, using the sources available in the libraries, extracting the required texts from them, and then studying them.

Abstract:-
The issue of the validity of the guardian's permission in the marriage of a child has a special place in jurisprudence and, consequently, in civil law, and the necessity of the guardian's permission, especially in the marriage of a mature virgin, is one of the important and controversial jurisprudential and legal issues. Islamic jurists have presented different theories in this field based on the principles of ijtihad and as a result of the differences in the sources and contents of the narrations related to this issue, and the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic has stated the theory of the necessity of the guardian's permission in this ruling, but opposing theories are always put forward by experts, which make the proof of this ruling difficult and burdensome from a jurisprudential and legal perspective, and the theory of the lack of the guardian's permission, which enjoyed a strong reputation among the early jurists, is introduced as a logical, correct, and evidence-based theory.

Abstract:-
The Sufi and Ghulat sects are internal branches of Shiism, which emerged in the early second century AH. By examining historical narratives about sects and religions in Iran, it can be understood that the spread of Ghulat and Sufism in various fields was increasing. The necessity of this research lies in the fact that by studying the relationship between the teachings of Ghulat and Sufism in Iran, a new view of the commonalities, relationships and interactions between these two branches of Shiism becomes clear, and it also becomes clear that these two trends cannot be attributed to the Imamiyyah, which is one of the objectives of this research. The other objective is to prove the intellectual convergence between these two trends. In this current research, which was collected in a library manner and in a descriptive-analytical style, an attempt was made to address the relationship between the beliefs of Sufis and Ghulat, which has not previously presented a similar comparison between the beliefs of Ghulat and Sufism.

Abstract:-
Disbelief has consequences in this world and the hereafter, and it leads to distance from God Almighty. Disbelief is established by either not recognizing the existence of a Creator, denying His existence, or assigning Him a partner in creation, sustenance, good, or evil. It is also established by denying the prophets and messengers, and the Seal of them, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and what he brought from heaven, and by not believing in the Quran or the Twelve Imams (peace be upon them).
The Quran sheds light on disbelief and disbelievers, as does the pure Sunnah through the sayings, actions, or approvals of the Infallible Imams (peace be upon them). We have discussed the causes of disbelief and how to treat it. We have also mentioned some of the scholars' statements on disbelief. Then we have explained how Islam treats disbelievers in this world. Indeed, Islam urges not to ignore disbelievers as human beings. Some scholars have divided disbelief into major disbelief and minor disbelief. They have defined major disbelief as the denial of the fundamentals of religion and belief, as well as the denial of absolute necessities. Minor disbelief is abandoning prayer, refraining from paying zakat, showing off, drinking alcohol, and aiding disbelievers against Muslims. The scholars have stated that a person may return from disbelief through repentance, and God Almighty will accept his repentance provided that the conditions for repentance are met, the most important of which is sincere repentance to God Almighty.

Abstract:-
P.Abdullah Kannoun made great contributions in the fields of thought, and among these contributions was his criticism of the Orientalists. In this project, he followed the approach of the school of Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, and after him, P. Muhammad Abduh in its reformist image in the Arab Maghreb, whose endeavor was towards building a new reform thought according to The requirements of the era and moving away from classicism, so his critical expressions were characterized by pluralism: once characterized by abundant literature; He does not dare to say ugly words against an individual, as well as in the most extreme stages of violence, as he adheres to morals and caution in uttering words. In addition, the other was harsh with his phrases to respond and falsify the sayings of the masters of the Orientalists. He also had the sons of his school and sect who stood with the orientalists and supported them in his exile.

Abstract:-
The issue of bodily resurrection has been a central concern for great philosophers and theologians, and no one has been able to interpret the bodily resurrection as envisioned by religion and the Quran philosophically as Mulla Sadra. Sadr al-Din Shirazi was the first to successfully prove bodily resurrection with rational arguments. According to transcendent wisdom, the body, which is under the control and covering of the soul, is a quasi-body, not a physical body. It is an element specific to this world and part of the weakest levels of the soul. Therefore, this body is neither an independent element nor irrelevant. Based on this point, the body plays the role of the agent and supervisor in performing actions, and it prepares the groundwork and background for actions, and for this reason, it deserves reward or punishment. Sadr al-Din believes that the body on the Day of Judgment is one of the functions and creations of the primary power of imagination. Some scholars have misrepresented some or all of these principles, and therefore, in re-examining these principles, the author critiques them from the perspective of the critic (Sayyid al-Hakimi) and then provides a response to each one. The research methodology in this article is a basic theoretical and descriptive methodology. The aim of this article is to provide answers to Mr. Hakimi’s criticisms after reviewing the principles and foundations mentioned above. One of the results of this article is that after explaining the criticisms, a clear answer was provided to those doubts and criticisms, which did not happen in an article of this type.

Abstract:-
This paper analyzes the characteristics of the society that will be established at the time of the appearance of Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him), as well as the obstacles that may hinder its realization. In the first section, the ideal characteristics of this society are examined from the perspectives of the Qur'an and the narrations of the Infallibles (peace be upon them). This society is depicted as a complete and flawless society in which justice, security, and public welfare are fully realized.
In the second section, the features of the society after the appearance of Imam Mahdi, based on Qur'anic verses, are analyzed. These include the fulfillment of God's promises, the establishment of lasting security, the creation of a transparent and religiously guided environment for society, the guidance of people towards the right path, the promotion of enjoining good and forbidding evil, and the restoration of human dignity. The defining characteristic of this society will be lasting peace and security, which will elevate both individual and social life to its highest level.
Furthermore, the paper addresses the obstacles to the realization of this ideal society from the Qur'anic perspective. The Qur'an clearly identifies various hindrances that may prevent the establishment of such a society. These obstacles include external challenges, the lack of proper leadership and mismanagement, the spread of superstitions and erroneous traditions, economic problems in the Muslim world, the rise and entrenchment of the hypocritical currents, widespread corruption and moral decay, social division and fragmentation, and the neglect of the principles of enjoining good and forbidding evil.
Finally, after describing the ideal conditions for society during the time of the appearance of Imam Mahdi, the characteristics of the people living in that time are also discussed. The paper concludes with the presentation of key themes and topics related to this subject.