journal of kufa studies center

The importance of administrative leadership in higher education institutions lies in being responsible for all the groups present within the university and supervising and directing in the required way to ensure the achievement of outstanding performance. This study came based on the data obtained from the staff of the National Islamic University in Najaf. These data confirmed that the administrative leaders (deans) in this university apply three-dimensional leadership styles in their faculties, meaning that the leader deals with the three categories (teachers, employees, and students) in different styles at the same time that are commensurate with Their duties are each of those categories. This study also aims to explore the factors or elements affecting three-dimensional driving and their role in achieving outstanding performance. In this research, the method of non-random qualitative analysis was used, which is based on (experience and scientific knowledge). Several interviews were conducted with a group of deans of the Islamic University of Najaf, and the mechanisms of the (NVivo) program were used for the purpose of processing the qualitative analysis data.

The technology of costs based on specifications (ABCII) is a modern approach to the management of contemporary economic units, as it achieves a positive role for economic units by putting the customer in the center of attention and activating the idea of orientation in the market, as the use of (ABCII) technology helps the economic unit to know the requirements and desires of customers and work to meet them to satisfy their needs. In the market, it relies heavily on efficiency, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction to maintain the continuity of economic unity in light of the increasing intensity of competition between different in the business environment.

The research aims to follow up on the role of the success achieved by these missions and the extent of the change they bring about in those areas, and the extent to which they are able to overcome the difficulties and challenges faced by their work policy, in order to reach one goal, which is to build world peace.
The problem of the research is centered on the seriousness of the work of these missions or peace forces, the extent of their legal legitimacy in the intervention by the United Nations, and the extent to which their work mechanisms and strategy in those areas have succeeded in reaching the point of spreading stability.
The research hypothesis is determined that the presence of peace forces has a central role when they are present in conflict zones, trying to reach the conclusion of the effectiveness of change for the United Nations from various aspects.

This is a reading of the words of the book (Nahj al-Balaghah) carried by the verified texts, and those who doubt the authenticity of the attribution of the book of Nahj al-Balaghah, so that we can compare what is stated in it in order to derive what its narration has been achieved, the first and oldest explanation from Egypt is the explanation of the Nahj al-Balagha by the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Muhammad Abdo in order to reach the closest word that the Imam (peace be upon him) pronounced and intended in its form and meaning, and it was not a matter of speculation or ijtihad, but a selection of the best and best of what was spoken by the mothers of books, the best scholars and investigators.

The research aims to study the patterns implicit in the poetry of veterans through cultural criticism, as it represents a reaction to postmodern theories, which means the study of texts within a comprehensiveness that looks for goods in the culture of the masses, and as a reader of literary texts, he refuses the aesthetic but even crosses the threshold of a thug through it to patterns that are implicit in the author\'s consciousness, and hide in his verbal functions in a hidden way, and in the functions of poets lie cultural patterns that have been able to break the fixed systems in what is hidden in culture The pattern infiltrated us without the consciousness of the poet himself through the discourse in secret without noticing the human control he exerts on the producer of the text .

The research deals with the moral structure in the literary discourse of Al-Tanukhi (384 AH in his writings), as the study traces this structure in terms of following the constant related to reality and shifting from that reality towards the aesthetic perception that Al-Tanukhi wanted to present to the recipient the structure of morality. Al-Tanukhi presented it in his writings and formulated it in his novel in an artistic aesthetic that was formed in his books in the form of news, a story, a rarity, or a poetic piece, where this artistic formation was characterized by different lengths according to the situation or goal, so no matter how much the structure of ideas (al-Faraj, generosity, reward, goodness, and others) is one and total, the ways of expressing them are different and therefore multiple according to the multiplicity of Al-Tanukhi's narrations, news and rarities.

Tal Abu Al-Dhahab is located to the southeast of the district of Souq Al-Shuyoukh in Dhi-Qar Governorate and at a distance of (45 km) from the district center. The first excavation work was carried out in Tell Abu Al-Dhahab in (2011) and continued until (2013), during which the excavation missions revealed the remains of various building units, which found many various finds, the most important of which were pottery that was used in daily life to meet the requirements of the inhabitants of the site at that time, such as jars and utensils that were used in preserving and storing grains, preserving food, liquids, plates, cups, and others.
This research revolves around the study of the types of pottery discovered at the site of Tell Abu al-Dhahab and their archaeological description, and their comparison with the pottery of some archaeological sites from the same era, in addition to the fact that the research has lost the right to search with pictures, tablets of pottery models, and descriptive tables of pottery that included their measurements, finds, and the era to which they belong, as well as the field number and the museum number .

Educational services are one of the important indicators that reflect the degree of social development and the level of the population, so this study mainly examines the efficiency of the allocation of public education services such as kindergartens and urban schools. The degree of efficiency of the urban expansion and population growth of the Al Shiraa area through its five morphological stages up to the current stage.
Educational institutions in the field of education provide educational services at different stages, but the level of these services varies according to the academic stage and the administrative unit, and the level of service must be balanced with the volume and intensity of education. Residents, whether in the center of the administrative unit or in the peripheral areas, to ensure that everyone has easy access to this service by providing all the necessary services in school buildings, which will increase the efficiency of educational services for each student.

The purpose of the research was to identify the strength and direction of the relationship between the digital divide and educational technological competencies, and the research was identified by the students applying the specializations of pure sciences and humanities in the faculties of education in the universities of the Middle Euphrates (Al-Qadisiyyah - Kufa - Babil - Karbala) for the academic year 2021-2022, and the size of the basic sample reached (760) applied and applied, and it was randomly selected, and the researchers relied on the descriptive-relational research methodology, and to achieve the objectives of the research, two tools were built, the first to measure (the digital divide) and its final form consisted of (24) The second tool is to measure (educational technological competencies) and in its final form consisted of (36) paragraphs distributed over three areas: (planning, implementation, evaluation), and after applying the research tools and using the appropriate statistical means according to the program of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), it was found that there is a strong inverse correlation between the two variables.

The study aims to measure the determinants of the financing structure of joint stock industrial companies. A set of determinants of the financing structure was relied on, which are represented by tangible assets, profitability, company size, growth opportunities, actual tax rate, and tax-deductible items except interest, and several hypotheses were imposed and a set of questions were set for the study, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the hypotheses were tested for a sample of joint stock industrial companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange. Based on the data of the official website of the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period of time (2010-2019), the sample included (8) joint stock industrial companies. Some financial and statistical indicators were relied on to analyze and discuss the results by adopting the method of multiple regression analysis between the indicators according to the statistical program (Eviews v.9) and the statistical program (SPSS v23).

The research aims to explain the impact of financial balance on the insurance sector, which is one of the important topics in financial thought, and the research aims to know the role of insurance companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the research problem focused on the effects of the external environment on the sustainability of companies and their continuation in practicing their business, and the research problem was the main question of what is the impact of financial balance in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for companies in the research sample?. In order to reach solutions to the research problem and its main question, three main assumptions were imposed, represented by the correlation, impact and differences between the research variables, and the research sample consisted of the insurance sector listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which consists of companies: (Al-Amin Insurance, Al-Ahlia Insurance, Dar Al-Salam Insurance, Gulf Insurance, and Al-Hamra Insurance) and the research time series extended from (2010-2020) and the statistical analysis was carried out using (SPSS) software, the research relied on the quantitative-analytical approach in the process of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

International civil society organizations, the most prominent of which are the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Amnesty International, are active organizations in the humanitarian field, and these organizations play preventive roles before the occurrence of armed conflicts, represented in the dissemination and development of the rules of international humanitarian law, reminding the parties to the conflict in those rules, as well as cooperating with other associations and organizations in the humanitarian field and providing humanitarian aid. Written reports to the competent authorities, as well as receiving and transmitting complaints to the relevant authorities, where these organizations work to treat the wounded and distribute humanitarian assistance during the period of armed conflict, whether international or internal, as well as Amnesty International's humanitarian functions, whether supervisory or preventive, in order to apply the rules of international humanitarian law.

The martyr has gained a great status, and a prestigious position among the members of his society, and has become a symbol of sacrifice and redemption and a slogan of victory and revolutions, as eternal immortality in this world and the hereafter is a bright image in the minds of the nation and the consciences of living humanity, a sun in continuous brightness and a moon that has displaced the night and your life, a picture that has painted the meaning of life, renewed its religious features and freed its necks from the shackles of slavery and personal dependence. The image is swimming in the sea of martyrdom wherever it goes, and we have a function, including the religious one, which has a research in the field of contemporary Iraqi vertical poetry, which is full of praise and lamentation for the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), contemporary poets have been interested in the image and focused on it in their poems, and poetry has a religious function that has given us many images, including: divine love, divine love, and patience. The sacrifice, the reviver of the Shari'ah and many others, and the method used in the analysis is the overall picture, and we have dedicated this research to examples of the religious function.

This study is concerned with explaining the ideological dimension of Western modernity, which seeks to extend its hegemony over the world by removing the differences of faith and doctrine between nations by declaring the authority of man, reducing the facts to himself, de-sanctifying religion and divine revelation, and denying all the unseen. Thus, it shows the influence of Arab intellectuals on these ideas and their endeavor to apply them to the Islamic reality, by reinterpreting the Holy Qur'an by relying on modern linguistic methods away from infallibility, holiness and miracles. The study chose the modernist writer Ahmed Al-Qabanji as a model for the study, because he raised modern doubts about the systems and miracles of the Qur'an that had never been answered before, and the study was able to dismantle his methodology and refute his doubts and objections to the Qur'anic text by explaining their inadequacy in themselves, and exposing his deceptions and fallacies in his intellectual proposals.

The research deals with the Kurdish opposition movements against the Turkish government during the period 1925-1938 through the Iraqi press, as Turkey witnessed during that period three Kurdish military movements, the first in 1925, namely the Saeed Biran movement, which was a movement demanding the restoration of the caliphate on its face, and in reality a nationalist movement calling for the separation of the Kurds from the Turkish Civil Republic. It was followed by another movement known as the Akri Dag Movement in 1930, and the movement will not deviate from the goals of the previous movement except in being more Nationalism in its slogans, and most of its leaders were among the founders of Kurdish associations abroad, and the Turkish forces eliminated this movement with efforts and losses that they incurred in the 1925 movement, while the third movement, which was known in Kurdish verses as the Dersim Uprising in 1927, was put down by the Turkish government using air power on a large scale and put it down after targeting the headquarters of the leaders of the uprising, and killing the most prominent aides of the leader of the uprising, Sayyid Reza, which forced him to surrender.

The research aimed to identify the foundations of concept construction in the formation of the idea for the works of the students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of design and the subject of pictorial construction, and the research problem was summarized by the question: What are the foundations of concept building between design and art education?, and the research was determined by the Department of Art Education at the Faculty of Education for the fourth stage of the morning study for the academic year (2020-2021).
The research section focused on four topics, the first dealt with the methodological framework of the research, and the second dealt with the foundations of building the concept and the characteristics it contains, and in the third topic, the research community was addressed to the works of the students of the third stage of the Department of Art Education at the Faculty of Education, University of Kufa, and the study sample was selected, which was determined by (10) works, five of which were drawing and five designing, according to the descriptive method. In the fourth topic, the researchers reached a set of results, the most important of which were: The idea that the painter and designer has in mind is centered around various topics, such as religious, heritage, social or landscape themes.

In this research, the general concepts of the subject of sustainable urban transformation will be addressed, and the types and levels of urban transformation that occur in cities will be clarified, in addition to clarifying the relationship between sustainable urban transformation and urban sustainability, and how cities transition to sustainability by reviewing the components of sustainable urban transformation, as cities in general have continuous changes as a result of population growth and urbanization, and these changes are of two types, including apparent changes that affect the external shape of the city such as buildings, roads, and spaces, and some of them are fundamental changes that are related Sustainable urban transformation can be achieved by addressing the problems in the city in both their core and external types in order to achieve sustainability, achieving sustainable urban transformation also requires a balance between the dimensions of sustainability (social-economic-environmental) that directly affect the lives of residents, meet their needs, and increase the standard of living in cities.

The American occupation of Iraq in 2003 is considered a turning point in the contemporary history of Iraq, due to its overthrow of the Baath Party regime and its negatives, because of the radical change in the political system, as Iraq transformed from a totalitarian dictatorial system controlled by one party to a state that enjoys a democratic political system based on multi-party politics, and the American administration sought to gain legitimacy to invade Iraq in multiple ways and means, taking advantage of its global political and economic weight Mainly to gain that legitimacy.
The research was divided into four topics, the first dealt with the American efforts in legitimizing the war, the second dealt with the international and institutional positions on the invasion decision, while the third dealt with the American invasion and the stages of the occupation of Iraqi lands, and the fourth topic dealt with the results of the American invasion and its repercussions on Iraq.

In this study, the researcher seeks to clarify the necessary meanings in the sermons of the Hussaini march by employing the theory of dialogical implication, which is an attempt to shed light on the ancient Arab heritage in order to read and reconsider it, and then activate that heritage in modern linguistic studies.

When we read the visit of Ashura, we find many words taken from the sacred hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), the metaphor manifested itself in its doctrinal contents in various fundamentals of religion, as it was narrated in a holy way narrated from Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Baqir (pbuh), which explained many things, including:
- Cursing is an authentic Qur'anic concept, and that the Prophet (peace be upon him) cursed those whom Allah (the Almighty) cursed.
- The Ummah that went against the command of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) regarding his successor in the affairs of the Muslims, was the one that established the basis of injustice for the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s .).
- The darkest covenant that passed through the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) was the era of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and his son Yazid .
- Includes words that simulate the incident of the kindest and magnificence of what happened on the day of Ashura to Imam Hussein (AS)
- Repeated and repeated curses against the enemies of Imam Hussein (AS) and acquitting them.