Al-Tuff Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This research explores the phenomenon of semantic shift in civil law\'s legal constants through an analytical study of long-established principles such as pacta sunt servanda and good faith. It examines how the meanings of these principles have evolved over time due to social and economic transformations, judicial interpretation, and modern legal thought. The study shows that this shift does not alter the legal text itself but rather its practical function and interpretive understanding, raising questions about the balance between interpretive flexibility and legal certainty, The research concludes that semantic transformation, when conducted within a disciplined legal framework, is necessary to ensure fair and just application of the law. It reflects the legal text’s adaptability and responsiveness to societal developments. The study ends with a set of recommendations to regulate such interpretive shifts and preserve the integrity and predictability of the legal system.

The gradual progression of the Holy Quran signifies the response of the sacred Sharia to its people، particularly during the time of the Noble Messenger، my God bless him and his family and grant them peace. This was achieved by its revelation in fragmented forms، which had a significant impact on addressing the needs of those addressed and to make things easy and light for them، and not burden them or surprise them with laws and regulations that they were not familiar with. On the other hand، he was able.

by gradually introducing his eternal principles and his unique constitution، to train and educate them to do good deeds and reject bad ones، and to guide them to the right path، step by step.

The theory of transformation in legal acts represents one of the most significant theories developed by German jurisprudence and later codified in its legislation. Although its roots lie in private law across various Western and Arab legal systems that have adopted and accepted it—such as Egyptian, Algerian, and Iraqi legislation—it eventually emerged and developed to find resonance and application within public law, particularly administrative law. This study examines the extent to which the concept of civil transformation can be applied to administrative acts, whether in administrative decisions or contracts, as a legal mechanism to mitigate cases of nullity and invalidity and to reduce their negative effects, as well as exploring the feasibility of its application in administrative judiciary systems in the countries under study

Of the concepts that Islam emphasized and instilled in its followers is the notion of forgiveness and good treatment. In fact, it went beyond that to advocate for not repaying harm with harm, but rather with pardon and forgiveness.
The prophets of God, may He be exalted, embodied this meaning practically from their birth until the end of their lives, through their kind dealings with all of creation—even with those who differed from them in core beliefs

Abstract :
In recent years، non-international armed conflicts have resulted in widespread violations of the rights of thousands of civilians. Grave breaches of both international human rights law and international humanitarian law have become a common occurrence. Under certain circumstances، some of these violations may constitute acts of genocide punishable under international law. In line with this، both international humanitarian law and international human rights law share a fundamental objective: the preservation of human dignity and fundamental rights، regardless of gender، race، or sect. Although these two bodies of law differ in their scope of application، they both impose binding obligations and measures upon conflicting parties to ensure the protection of individuals affected by armed conflicts—whether civilians، persons no longer taking part in hostilities، or even combatants—by regulating the conduct of hostilities.
Accordingly، various international and regional courts، along with the United Nations، have recognized the complementary nature of these two legal frameworks and the protection they collectively afford to humanity. Nevertheless، despite the existence of this comprehensive set of international legal rules designed to safeguard human rights during internal conflicts، violations persist and continue to increase. This is largely due to a number of challenges hindering effective protection. Among the most significant are legal challenges، such as the scarcity of explicit legal provisions addressing this type of conflict and the complex conditions required for their application; practical challenges، including weak accountability and prosecution mechanisms، and the limited awareness of armed groups regarding international legal norms; and political challenges، most notably the use of veto power by major states to serve their own interests—particularly when such use obstructs the delivery of medical and humanitarian assistance to civilians affected by armed conflict.
However، these challenges are not an inevitable fate for humanity. Through the concerted efforts of the international community and genuine political will، they can be addressed effectively. By doing so، the principles enshrined in international legal instruments can be transformed from mere written norms into tangible realities that ensure the protection of human rights and the preservation of human dignity—even under the most adverse conditions