journal of kufa studies center

The establishment of new projects is one of the main important elements that indicate the vitality of the economy in any country, and the research came to show the importance of the feasibility study in establishing a tourism company in the province of Najaf and the extent of this projects contribution to preserving Iraqi capital and investing it at home, as well as the advancement of the field of tourism in Iraq, and to achieve the goal of the research, the conceptual framework of tourism and the feasibility study and everything related to it were addressed, as well as the reality of the study of tourism in Iraq, as well as the reality of the study of tourism in Iraq. about the legal, environmental and marketing study of the project, and the quantitative method and scientific data were adopted to analyze and study the concepts. The most important conclusions of the study were that the development and advancement of the tourism sector will contribute to diversifying the sources of national income, providing job opportunities, reducing the problem of unemployment, supporting the balance of payments, achieving balanced growth, and financing the state budget, as tourism development is closely linked to comprehensive development, and works to solve many economic and social problems faced by the country. The research reached conclusions based on the criteria set in the study, which indicated that the study achieves an economic return under certain conditions, and the projects economic sensitivity can be analyzed under conditions of uncertainty.

The research aims to use the Run test method to test the efficiency of the Iraqi Stock Exchange at the weak level, and the study population was represented in the banking sector of the Iraq Stock Exchange, while the sample of the study was represented by (10) banks, for a period of two years monthly from 1/1/2021 to 31/12/2022, and the statistical test was used as a Run test model.To test the efficiency of the Iraq Stock Exchange (based on the closing prices of shares and dividend yields of the same banks).
The study found that the Iraqi Stock Exchange is efficient at the weak level, represented by the banks in the research sample, as well as the efficiency at the weak level of each bank studied, which indicates the inability of investors to achieve extraordinary returns, as well as the random flow of the monthly return series of the banks and companies in the research sample.
The study recommended that the market should provide complete information to companies listed on the stock exchange, respond quickly to this information, ensure transparency in financial transactions, develop and hire experts, and improve the performance of companies and the economic environment.

The present study aims to test the role of intellectual capital indicators; Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE), Relational Capital Efficiency (RCE), and Used Capital Efficiency (CEE) as an independent variable in avoiding financial hardship as a dependent variable., while the study adopted a model to measure financial hardship. Z- Score) (Altman 1968)
The problem of the study was identified by a number of questions, the most important of which was the extent to which the intellectual capital indicators contribute to avoiding financial hardship in the joint stock industrial companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange? In order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions, the study population represented by the (25) joint stock industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange was selected. A sample of (10) joint stock industrial companies whose data were available for the time period (2012-2021) was selected based on the data of the official website of the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the impact hypotheses were tested using the statistical program (SPSS), and the data were analyzed according to the multiple regression method by adopting the (Eviews-10) program.
The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that intellectual capital is a strategic resource and an important source of competitive advantage in companies, and that the companies studied are located in a gray area (stable but not safe from the risks of financial hardship).

The aim of our current study is to show the impact of the size of the bank on the management of operational risks (BIA), the sample of the study was represented by some of the Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, including these banks (Al-Tijari and Sumer) as well as the Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange represented by (Housing Bank and Arab Bank) and relying on their financial data published in these two markets for the period from (2004-2021). The study also reached the most important results, which wereThere is no significant correlation between the size of Iraqi banks and their operational risk management (BIA), while there is a significant correlation between the size and size of Jordanian banks and their operational risk management (BIA), and the study provided several recommendations, the most important of which was that the boards of directors should develop a model for measuring operational risk, using measurement tools commensurate with the size and nature of the bank's operations and its returns.

The research aims to determine the nature of the capital structure and its role in the profitability of shares through a comparative study of a sample of Iraqi and Qatari companies for the period (2012-2021) and using annual data of the research variables, and measures were used for the independent variable, which are (long-term loans / equity, long-term loans / total assets, long-term loans / equity in addition to long-term loans) as for the dependent variable, the scale (EPS per share) was used.The relationship was analyzed and a close correlation was found between the capital structure and the profitability of the shares for most of the Iraqi and Qatari companies, and the most important findings of the research is to confirm the role of optimal investment for the capital structure and the compatibility between internal and external financing, which enhances the increase in the value of the share and increases profitability.

The main purpose of the present study is to find out how the dynamics of a nonlinear organization can be affected by the synergistic relationship between strategic harmony and entrepreneurial passion. The study started from a problem represented by a set of questions, the most important of which is the extent to which strategic harmony and entrepreneurial passion in the nonlinear organization in China General Structural Engineering Co., Ltd. is under study. In order to achieve the objectives of the current study and answer its questions, the engineers working in the company were selected as the target population for the study, which amounted to (125) The questionnaire form was distributed to them by relying on the comprehensive inventory method. After collecting the forms, (115) forms were obtained that were valid for statistical analysis, of which (104) questionnaires were obtained. The collected data were analyzed by relying on the (SmartPls4) program.The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that there was a statistically significant synergistic effect relationship between the variables of strategic harmony and entrepreneurial passion in the nonlinear organization in the China State Structural Engineering Corporation under study. This indicates that the ability to achieve harmony in the organization's goals and activate the entrepreneurial passion of its employees can lead to enhancing the dimensions of the nonlinear organization and effectively achieving its goals. The most important recommendations were that if the Chinese public company wants to Structural engineering can benefit from the nonlinear structure of an organization and its many advantages, it should work to enhance the strategic harmony between its departments and employees and encourage the entrepreneurial passion of its employees.

The general meaning of inflation is the continuous rise in the general level of prices for various commodities in the market, but the reasons for its emergence in the sample countries, including Iraq, vary according to the political and economic conditions of each country, and the most prominent causes of inflation in it are structural imbalances in its productive system or political and economic developments, which may generate different types of inflation, which may be creeping or unruly, and the change in prices upwards and sequentially leads to different effects on sustainable development indicators, and often negative or positive impact on the economic performance of those countries.

A number of crises have hindered the course of the Iraqi economy as a result of the changes that have occurred in it, which has affected its economic position in the global economy, and therefore the range of modern and innovative applications, both material and intangible, becomes necessary to benefit from them in correcting the deviations in the course of the Iraqi economy due to the crises and challenges it has witnessed. With the need to stand On what is the benefit achieved or not in Iraq. Therefore, the idea of innovative solutions in the economic field does not only include high-tech technological industries, but it also adds to it a set of distinctive competitive modern sources that can make the Iraqi economy distinguished in all the different productive sectors of agriculture, industry, commerce and even in the software trade, in addition to the skill of the workforce, scientific knowledge and distinctive ideas that have gained great importance in the economy of innovative solutions can play a positive role no less important than modern innovations To address the problems of the economy and face its crises.

The study seeks to identify the role of organizational equity in reducing rudeness in the workplace in the research directorate, the (descriptive-analytical) method was used to analyze the nature of the relationship between the study variables, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collection, (244) questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of employees in the General Directorate of Education in Najaf, and the number of retrieved questionnaires was (233) questionnaires, of which (226) A valid questionnaire for statistical analysis, with a response rate of (97%), and the researcher used many statistical tools and methods to analyze the practical aspect of the study such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and simple regression method, and it was analyzed by advanced statistical programs (AMOS). V.25) and SPSS v.26 as well as Excel (2007). The theoretical results concluded that there is a knowledge gap to explain the role of organizational fairness in reducing rudeness in the workplace in general, and in the Directorate of Education of Najaf in particular, while the practical results of the study found that there is a moral and inverse correlation, and a moral and inverse effect relationship between (organizational fairness and rudeness in the workplace). The study reached a number of conclusions that showed through its results the validity of most of its hypotheses and the study recommends that working individuals be guided and trained on the standards of organizational fairness, provided that they do not Practice nepotism and treat others in an appropriate manner that enables you to make principled and fair choices that contribute to reducing rudeness in the workplace.

The research aims to measure the pattern of competitive strategy in Iraqi industrial companies in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the number of companies sampled by the study reached (10) companies for the period (2011-2020), and the study dealt with measuring the strategy through a scale consisting of six percentages for different dimensions of the company's strategy: (1) R&D expenses for sales (product development or discovery of a new product), (2) sales and general and administrative expenses for sales (embodying marketing efforts), (3) Percentage of annual change in sales (adopts company growth), (4) employees to sales (shows production efficiency), (5) net property, machinery and equipment to total assets (represents capital structure), and (6) standard deviation of total company employees (indicates organizational stability).

The concept of political opposition is one of the pivotal concepts in political studies, because of its many dimensions, and it is one of the most polarized and circulating concepts in contemporary political thought, and that the term opposition leads to the description of the meaning with many connotations, because names and words, with their meanings, have an impact on dealing and practice, and this is evident in the linguistic meaning of the word opposition when used politically and literally, in human rights, freedom of expression, political participation, party systems, electoral systems, and culture political and other dimensions associated with this concept, and the roles of the political opposition are numerous according to their nature and organization.

This study, which deals with the subject of the Qur\'anic witness in the book Explanation of the Hamsa of Abu Tammam, by Al-Marzouqi, aims to be a grammatical and auditory criterion, which linguists have taken as a clear guide to prove the grammatical rules, because the Qur\'anic witness is the best evidence for the proof and correctness of the linguistic rule, and that it represents the pinnacle of performance from the point of view of statement, rhetoric, miracles, mastery, and control in pronunciation and meaning, which the performance of the human being who is afflicted with deficiency, confusion, confusion and forgetfulness did not like, and the Qur\'anic witness is the governing text over the texts Al-Marzouqi used the Qur\'anic witness like other grammarians in his books, especially the book Explanation of the Diwan of the Enthusiasm of Abu Tammam, as it includes in its folds many Qur\'anic evidences, as it is cited more than other evidence of poetry and prose, as the purpose of this study is to reveal the value of the Qur\'anic witness according to Al-Marzouqi, and this study is dedicated to the grammatical level, which includes: Towards the names in the Qur\'anic texts contained in the explanation of the Diwan of Abi Tammam\'s enthusiasm, by Al-Marzouqi.

The research represents an approach to Wednesday's hadith in the light of the laws of the pilgrim ladder, after explaining the concept of the (pilgrimage ladder) and the laws that are based on it, which are: (the law of reduction, the law of substitution of the ladder, and the law of the heart). The purpose is to know the ability of these laws to reveal the argumentative nature of this text, and to accept or respond to the text itself.

Commentators view the Quran as an integrated text, each part of which complements the other, starting from the letters of the word and its phonetic formation to the formation of the sentence and the harmony of its words to build the text, and this is what we referred to in the first chapter and we have come to the conclusion that each of the linguistic levels supports the other level, all the way to the mother meaning, and this is the case in reaching the more general meaning of the sentence, which is the meaning of the text.
The Holy Quran does not look at verses that are independent of each other, nor sentences scattered here and there, but rather they support each other, for the Holy Quran interprets each other, and this is the best evidence of the textual coherence and coherence in the Holy Quran, to the extent that some commentators believe that a verse can only be interpreted by another presumption, or what has been termed as "the interpretation of the Qur'an by the Quran."

The morphometric study of dry valleys acquires special importance in geomorphological studies because it is related to or based on other studies in the field of water resources, soil, geoengineering, and civil and agricultural investment projects on the one hand, and helps to determine the shape of the basin, the subtle stage of the basins and the ground features that develop from them as a result of the variation in the erosion and sedimentation processes. This research focuses on the analysis of the main morphometric characteristics of the valleys and basins of the study area, with the aim of reaching to know their morphometric characteristics that It helps in providing assistance and assistance in optimal investment according to the scientific foundations and for the various fields and specializations related to the economic aspect and its development, and the surface of the study area has been divided into nine main basins, and one of these basins includes several valleys and the other part includes one valley that occupies the entire area of the basin.

This study aims to examine civil defense services and determine their adequacy and efficiency, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and to understand the population's needs for these services. The goal is to provide them in a manner commensurate with the growth and urban expansion of the study area. Civil defense services are among the most important services due to their close connection to the security of citizens and their property. The study, in its objectives and methodology, focuses on revealing the current spatial distribution of civil defense centers in the cities of Najaf Governorate and identifying areas suffering from shortages of personnel and equipment. This aims to assess the efficiency of civil defense service distribution, as equitable spatial distribution is a fundamental requirement for achieving optimal service distribution in general, and civil defense services in particular. The study employs historical and analytical methodologies, utilizing statistical methods, including the nearest neighbor method, to determine the spatial distribution pattern of civil defense centers in the study area. Maps and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to pinpoint the locations of civil defense centers. The study confirmed that, based on the Civil Defense Directorate's population size criteria, four new civil defense centers were needed, but this number was not available in 2021. However, when applying the population projection formula for 2031, the study area requires six civil defense centers. The study concluded that the population of 233,828 in 2021 clearly demonstrates that the impact of natural characteristics on service efficiency is indirect, while the impact of human characteristics is direct. This is further compounded by the lack of a dedicated emergency route for civil defense vehicles, the spatial and temporal variability in the number of fires, and the shortage of personnel and equipment. The field study confirmed the insufficient number of civil defense centers, their haphazard distribution within the study area, and their non-compliance with planning standards. This resulted in weak service efficiency and effectiveness, and an inability to adequately meet the population's needs. This situation is exacerbated by the increasing number of fires, which reached 303 in 2021—a significant number that necessitated the establishment of new civil defense centers. The study found that civil defense centers cover 1,284.66 hectares out of a total study area of ​​3,010.96 hectares, while 1,726.29 hectares remain unserved. The study also found that the total number of beneficiaries of civil defense services in the study area was 77,942, while the total number of those not benefiting was 155,885.

This research aims to detect temporal and spatial changes in the change of drought and humidity in Iraq for the period (1988-2020)
The research included a statistical analysis of the results of the drought equations to indicate the general trend of drought in the stations of the study area if it is towards increasing or decreasing.
The study showed that changes in climate characteristics are responsible for determining the degrees of drought, and the study concluded that Iraq in general is predominantly dry and semi-arid, except for the northern regions.
The study also found that the first cycle (1988-1998) was the wettest while the second was the driest.
Statistical analysis of the results of the equations showed the general trend towards increasing levels of drought
By comparing the cycles and their rates with a sharp variation in their rates of change temporally and spatially.

The research dealt with the changes in the runoff in the waters of the Shatt al-Abbasiyya, which is a branch of the Euphrates River within the city of Najaf, through which the hydrological changes that affected the increase and decrease of the current discharge rates as a result of the change witnessed by the Euphrates River within the study area through a large group of natural and human factors that affected the activity of the river course, and these factors were represented by the geological structure of the study area, as its location within the sedimentary plain area, which It was classified tectonically within the scope of the unstable pavement, as it was covered by sediments from the quaternary time, which included modern sediments with a thickness not exceeding (100 m) and a height of (4 m) above sea level, which made the sediment of the area penetrate for long distances in a way that worked to increase the quantities of river sediments, while in terms of climatic characteristics, the region was characterized by a dry desert climate that was reflected in the rates of water discharge and natural vegetation, which is one of the most important factors that have a great impact on the activity of geomorphic work In the waters of the Shatt al-Abbasiyya, while the human characteristics, which were represented by agricultural activity and other industrial uses, had a great impact on the change of the main course of the river. In this study, we also dealt with river branches and their changes, and then the variation in the quantity of water imports during the period (1993-2022) and its relationship with the extent of the hydrological change of quantitative runoff, and we used a number of statistical programs, especiallyMicrosoft Excel and Minitab (2016) by determining the general trend of the discharge rates of the water of the Shatt al-Abbasiyya, which led us to build future forecasts according to the change that appeared to us through statistical coefficients, which indicates a decrease during the period (2023-2037). At different rates, the year 2023 recorded the future forecast of the discharge rate by (52.20 m3/s) to record its highest forecast, then decreased to record in 2026 about (42.94m3/s) and continued to decrease to record in 2030 a forecast of (30.27 m3/s), while the forecast for the year 2033 was recorded at (20.88 m3/s), after which the forecast reached a decrease to record in 2036 about (11.48 m3/s).In 2037, the lowest expectations were recorded during the period studied by (8.34 m3/s) each, respectively.

The purpose of the research was to identify the role of scientific curricula in deep learning and learning efficiency according to the variables of gender and the category of students among high school students of excellence and excellence, and to identify the relationship between deep learning and learning efficiency, and the research was identified with the students of high schools of excellence and excellence in the city of Najaf, and the size of the basic sample reached (600) male and female students, and two tools were built: The first was to measure deep learning, which consisted of (36) paragraphs, and the second was to measure learning competence, and consisted of (30) paragraphs, and using appropriate statistical means according to the statistical package program (SPSS), the following results were reached: (Relative weakness of the role of curricula in deep learning)
In light of these results, a set of recommendations and suggestions were presented.

strategic orientation, investment of strategic capabilities and talents, development of human capital, maintaining an effective organizational culture, emphasizing ethical practices, and implementing a balanced regulatory oversight) in achieving water resources governance by its exclusion (strengthening, trust and participation, enhancing the effectiveness of water governance, enhancing the efficiency of water governance, legal frameworks) and the problem of the study started from a main question that (Are leaders in the Directorate of Water Resources aware of the role of strategic leadership in achieving governance? Water Sector) Due to the importance of the water sector, the study was conducted in the Directorate of Water Resources in Najaf, and the study was applied to a sample of (250) employees, or in order to process the data, a set of statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data and processed it using SPSS software and AMOS software.These methods include (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression coefficient, multiple linear regression, and variance test). The study reached a set of results that were completely identical with the research hypotheses, the most important of which is the interest of the research directorate in all variables and dimensions of the study, the existence of correlation relationships between the research variables with their sub-dimensions, the existence of a moderate correlation between strategic leadership and water resources governance.

Purpose: The research aims to identify the impact of strategic innovation on organizational innovation, as the research focused on a sample of the ship's captain company, Najaf branch. Based on the problem that the research company does not have enough access to organizational innovation due to the nature of the challenges and pressures it faces, which are sometimes characterized by difficult conditions (internal and external), the research problem was formulated as follows: "What is the level of impact of strategic innovation on organizational innovation in the research company".
Design/Methodology: For the purpose of completing the requirements of the current research and in order to represent the target research community, the random sampling method was adopted, as (180) questionnaire forms were distributed directly to a sample of individuals working in the Shipmaster Company Najaf Branch, and (165) valid forms were retrieved for statistical analysis and the collected data were analyzed using a set of statistical tests available in SPSS V.26 and Smart PLS v.3.3.2 statistical programs.
Practical Results: The results of the research found that there is a direct impact relationship of strategic innovation on organizational innovation in the company under study.
Importance of the research: The paucity of previous studies (Arab and foreign) that included research variables (strategic renewal and organizational innovation) together in the ship's skipper company, so this research gained its importance from the fact that it touched on these important variables in an attempt to describe the reality and address the problems facing the development of companies in Iraq in general, as this sector is of great importance on society, the environment, the economy, and the ship's captain company in particular.

The research aims to identify the potential risks in advance with regard to budget estimates and suggest what should be done in the event of surplus and deficit so that they do not negatively affect the performance of government units, as well as to develop the method of preparing the federal general budget by proposing a model for budgeting continuous programs and performance in light of the uncertainty of the states revenues and expenditures. The research period for the years (2015-2019) of the federal budget in Iraq was extended due to the importance of this period due to the difficult economic conditions that the country went through, represented by the war on terrorism and fluctuations in oil prices, in addition to the approval of all budget laws for the above years, and a conclusion was reached that Adopting a program and performance budget in an ongoing manner (across multiple levels) will ensure that forecasting is correct and avoids the risk of uncertainty as it occurs.

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure mental alertness in the workplace. The study sample consists of 118 managers working at the Middle Euphrates Technical University in Najaf. The validity of the creation of the scale was examined during the exploration factor analysis, and according to the results of the analysis, the scale measures a three-factor structure. The structure of the three-factor scale was confirmed through the confirmed factors. The internal consistency coefficient of Cronbachs Alpha was evaluated and this value was determined to be greater than or equal to 0.7 The credible and reliable results show that the mindfulness scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool for studies.

Due to the intense competition witnessed by the financial environment in general and banks in particular as a result of the rapid developments and changes in the technologies used to perform banking activity, this led to those banks seeking to improve their performance continuously by introducing modern means in their financial environment and using the best methods that would ensure the continuity and survival of these banks to achieve their goals.
The research objective was to explain the methodology of continuous improvement in its four dimensions (planning, implementation, control, and application) and the extent to which it can be used in developing the financial performance of the Middle East Bank listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the research sample was the Middle East Investment Bank, and the duration was (2017-2021), while the research method focused on the descriptive-analytical method, the researcher concluded from the analysis of the banks performance that there are indications in the use of the continuous improvement methodology in their activity through the planning of the banks accounts and the implementation of what Planned in different proportions, then the evaluation and audit of the plan with the executor to reach the causes of the deviations, whether positive or negative, while the most important recommendations were the need to adopt the technology of continuous improvement in the banks performance correctly for the accounts of revenues and expenses.

The research aims to explain the role of the foreign ownership structure, how to manage profits, and its aim is to avoid the risks of stock price collapse, it is important to define the objectives of economic units and the wealth of shareholders, and maximize the profitability of the economic unit, which is the main goal that shareholders aspire to, as the deductive approach was adopted in presenting the theoretical aspect of the research .
As for the practical aspect, the data available in the financial statements of a sample of Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange were relied upon, as the number of banks in the research sample reached (6) banks for the period (2015-2020) and the research dealt with foreign ownership as well as "change in sales, change in production, and change in discretionary expenditures". As indicators to measure earnings management with real activities, while the method of monthly returns fluctuations from top to bottom was adopted as a model to measure the risk of stock price collapse, and SPSS 10 software was used to analyze and know the simple linear correlation, t-test , the significance of the linear correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, and the variance and test f , as well as the EViews 10 program in the analysis of the moderation variable.
After testing the research hypotheses, a set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the statistically significant effect of earnings management in real activities as a moderation variable in the relationship between foreign ownership and the risks of stock price collapse, while the recommendations emphasized by the research are the need to increase the awareness of the departments of Iraqi economic units of the need to apply all measures that can help the management in reducing or avoiding the risk of future stock price collapse by improving the financial reporting environment and activating control mechanisms and corporate governance In particular, the research proved that there are practices for managing profits in real activities by some Iraqi banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange .

The research seeks to shed light on the intellectual framework of the ownership structure, study its patterns and what are the foundations and determinants on which it is built, and explain its relationship with the professional specialization of the auditor, and then show the intellectual and applied impact of each on the continuity of the economic unit, by applying it in (14) Iraqi private banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2012-2021) The research variables were quantitatively measured based on the financial reports published in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the banks of the research sample, where the ownership structure was measured by dividing the number of shares owned by the shareholders by the total shares of the banks in the research sample, and the researcher also used the weighted market share scale for the purpose of measuring the level of professional specialization of the offices and companies that practiced the audit of the banks in the research sample, and the (KIDA) model was adopted to evaluate the ability of the banks in the research sample to continue practicing their activity.
The researcher reached several results, the most important of which is that the ownership structure is one of the most important elements of corporate governance through two main elements, namely both the concentration of capital (ownership concentration) and the nature of shareholders (owners), and on the practical side, there was a direct relationship between the ownership structure and the professional specialization of the auditor, and the results of the statistical analysis proved that the relationship between the ownership structure and the professional specialization of the auditor had a reflection on the continuity of banks and in varying proportions, but the ownership structure It has the most impact on continuity.
The most important recommendations emphasized by the researcher are the need to expand the scope of disclosure of the ownership structure, and banks must have the ability to diagnose and detect risks early and deal with them seriously, as well as the need to pay attention in general to the development of banks\' activities and services to achieve appropriate returns with the least possible losses through multiple channels.

Rhetorical methods constitute important horizons in identifying the potentials of the poetic text, especially in its social dimension, the structural style is one of the most poetic energies, because this style represents a fertile cradle for the human soul, poetry in general, and achieves for it a wide horizon of expressing its emotions, feelings and visions.

Since its emergence, the concept of biophilic cities has gained great importance by those interested in the field of urban planning, and this concept is a turning point in the field of nature-oriented urban planning, which invests the benefits of nature to provide the community with economic, social and environmental benefits, enhances mental and mental health, and preserves ecosystems and biodiversity in cities, the biophilic approach is one of the most important sustainable approaches in modern urban planning, biophilic cities help society to be more connected to the place and increase social interactions. The research dealt with the concept of biophilic cities in terms and terminology, then touched on the historical development of biophilia, then dealt with one of the most important main factors of biophilic cities, which is the factor of connection to the place, divided this factor into three secondary factors (satisfaction factor, comfort factor in place, social interaction factor) and indicators of these factors and ways of measuring them, then this factor was measured In the city of Kufa, using mathematical and statistical methods and methods using the LiCarte scale and the questionnaire form, the reliability of which was tested through Cronbachs alpha factor, and it was found that the city of Kufa achieved a number of indicators, which are (individual comfort index, indicators of satisfaction with the place, indicators of social interaction).