journal of kufa studies center

The researcher sought to explain the most prominent informal actors, including civil society, in the making of public policies in the country, as civil society is a Western concept that originated in the shadow of Western philosophers and emerged influentially through the writings of the Italian philosopher " Antonio Gramsci" at the beginning of the twentieth century, while its spread in the Arab world came at the end of the last quarter of the last century and began to influence public policy-making through the tools of pressure enjoyed by civil society such as protests, sit-ins, and the group of interests and parties At the beginning of the third millennium, it moved from a demanding civil society to a civil society that participates in the political process and the country's public policy-making .

This research aims to identify creative thinking in local administrations and its impact on sustainable development in Babil Governorate, specifically in the service departments of Abi Gharq district. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, distributing 125 questionnaires to middle management in these service departments. All questionnaires were returned and are valid for statistical analysis. The research utilized statistical software, specifically SPSS version 24, to measure the relationship between its variables, and AMOS version 24 to analyze the data. The study found a positive correlation and influence between creative thinking and sustainable development. The research concluded with several recommendations, including that organizations should adopt creative thinking and encourage service departments to cultivate it through development and training programs, given its significant impact. It also recommended the creation of a sustainable development guide for each department to serve as a reference, ensuring employees are aware of the concept and importance of sustainable development to society. This guide would provide a resource for the department to utilize in promoting sustainable development.

The purpose of the study is to diagnose the causes of psychological exhaustion of service providers and to test the study model represented by the independent variable of customer relationship management and its dimensions are (customer acquisition, relationship with the customer, and customer retention), with the dependent variable represented by psychological exhaustion, and its dimensions are (emotional exhaustion, feeling of low personal achievement, and negative attitude towards self and others).
The researchers selected a sample of workers in first- and second-class hotels in Najaf Governorate, due to the great and effective role that these hotels provide to the tourism and hotel movement in Najaf Governorate in particular and the country in general, as the problem of the study is to reduce the psychological exhaustion of service providers in the hotels in the study sample.
To achieve the objectives of the study, a model consisting of two main variables has been formulated, and a set of hypotheses has been deduced and constructed, which are two main hypotheses of correlation and effect, and a number of sub-hypotheses are branched from them, and one of the most important objectives of the study is to test the scale of the level of correlation or influence in the current study model.
The researchers used the questionnaire form as the main tool to collect data related to the study sample, as the study population reached (220) workers, where the sample reached (140) workers, and (165) forms were distributed to the study sample, and (147) forms that could be analyzed statistically were received, while the non-retrieval and invalid forms for statistical analysis were (18) forms.
After evaluating and testing the credibility and stability of the study measurement tools, the hypotheses were analyzed and tested using the appropriate statistical tools through the use of statistical analysis software (AMOS v.24) and (SPSS V.26) software, and the results showed the validity of the study hypotheses, and based on them, the researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is customer relationship management is one of the important organizational assets that can enhance customer compliance and appropriate recommendations have been formulated for it.

The bottled drinking water industry is one of the important industries within the industrial sector, as it is one of the most dynamic food and beverage industries, due to its close connection to human beings and their health, it needs special technology and care from the rest of the other food industry because it mainly affects humans, so the hypothesis of this research came that the Ataba Spring Laboratory affiliated to Fayd Al-Qassim Company, with its advantages, has been exposed to a varying decrease and rise in the level of production and revenues, and that the financial and economic evaluation According to specific criteria, it will help to shed light on the reasons that led the company to those levels of production, and the research has reached several conclusions, the most important conclusions that the field study of the laboratory has achieved the research hypothesis in the importance of the proper and accurate selection of economic evaluation indicators in order to give a clear and real picture of the Ataba Spring Laboratory, through which the deviations were identified and how to address them in order to push the work forward and develop it effectively and distinctly, and in light of the conclusions of the research. He also referred to a number of recommendations, including the periodic application of economic performance standards in the Ataba Spring Laboratory to identify deviations when they exist and to increase the performance of economic variables in them.

In this research, one of the topics of Bayesian theory in estimating the parameters of the multiple linear regression model was addressed, as the estimation process in statistical theory is one of the most important and common topics in various scientific fields. This research dealt with the so-called Safe Bayesian method in estimating the parameters of the multiple linear regression model, as this method is considered a method to solve the problems that accompany the misdiagnosis of regression relationships between variables. The misdiagnosis of the regression model of the hypothetical data leads to non-estimates. are consistent with the parameters of the regression model under study, which means that these estimates are unhelpful and therefore the explanatory variables included in the model do not correctly explain the changes in the mean response variable. The Bayesian method was employed in estimating the parameters of the multiple regression model proposed by researchers Yi and Mallick in 2014 by using the Lasso penalty method and assuming that the predistribution of the regression parameter is a Laplace distribution that can be represented by mixing the Gamma() and regular distributions. In this research, the researcher employed Baysian Safe theory on the method proposed by Yi and Yi Mallick An experimental examination of the behavior of the Lasso penalty method was conducted according to Bayes\'s safe theory through a simulation experiment, and it was shown through the results of the simulation experiment that the proposed method has an advantage in estimating accuracy compared to other methods, and this means that there is an important role for the learning parameter in the Bayesian method in increasing the probability of obtaining the correct distribution through the role of the learning teacher in studying the behavior of the possibility distribution.

The research aims to show the quality of financial reports and profit management practices in the investment sector companies, and the quality of financial reports was measured based on the data of the annual financial reports of a sample of Iraqi companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the years from 2011-2020, including four companies in the (investment sector), through the use of the modified Jones model 2005, through which the researcher can measure (the quality of financial reports), as the annual reports of each company are observed separately using the modified Jones equation 2005. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which was that the quality of financial reports contributes to improving investment efficiency by reducing information asymmetry and investment risks, as the quality of financial reports is a tool for discovering profit management practices, and thus identifying and controlling the companies that do this, which contributes to directing investors to invest in the most efficient and effective companies and achieving gains, which contributes to protecting stakeholders in opportunistic practices, profit management, and then improving decisions. The researcher recommended the need to spread awareness among investment sector companies about the concept of profit management and the means that companies can use to manage their profits to ensure the improvement of the quality of financial reports.

The present study aims to test the impact of Porters strategies and their role in achieving competitive advantage in dairy industry organizations in the Middle Euphrates region, and a three-dimensional scale was based on Porters strategies and the same number of dimensions tested the competitive advantage. The researchers focused on the problem of study B: Do Porters strategies play a role in achieving competitive advantage?
The study gains its importance by highlighting two variables of great importance at the level of the research sample, as well as its academic importance, as the study of these variables (Porters strategies and competitive advantage) is one of the urgent necessities at the beginning of the twenty-first century after it formed a state of unprecedented multiplicity of consumer tastes and the conscious awareness in choosing the product and service from the priorities of the beneficiary. The goal of the study was achieved in its applied aspect through the researchers reliance on the questionnaire as the main tool of the study through data collection, which included 21 questions distributed between 9 questions related to Porters strategies, and 12 questions related to competitive advantage.
The study targeted the dairy industry organizations within the private sector, operating in the Middle Euphrates region, and the sample on which the test was based was in the method of intentional sampling and targeted the managers of the organizations and sub-managers, and the focus was mainly on the marketing departments, and the results were analyzed by the statistical program SPSS. The study came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant impact relationship between Porters strategies and competitive advantage. The researchers also recommended the business organizations under study to rely on Porters strategies To achieve excellence in performance.

Administrative closure is a punishment in kind that is considered a double-edged sword, as it is one of the means of effective management in maintaining public order with its three elements, public health, public security, and public tranquility from the dangers that threaten it, imposed by the administration without resorting to the judiciary, and this matter achieves the effectiveness of the administration in administrative control. On the other hand, granting the administration a judicial and legislative authority under which to determine and enforce administrative closure will be a reason for violating the principle of separation of powers, and this order will also be opened Chapter: Deprivation of certain freedoms and rights, such as the right to work, the right to property, and the right to exploit and dispose of establishments. This necessitates judicial oversight of these decisions.

The Security Council has formed 28 commissions and investigative teams since its inception to date, the latest of which was the United Nations Investigative Team (UNITAD) to promote accountability for crimes committed by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, which was formed by the Secretary-General after the Security Council requested him to do so and after the Iraqi government requested the Security Council to prosecute the members of the terrorist organization Daesh. The team started its investigative work in 2018 and to this day it is working to collect information and evidence related to the crimes of the organization to enhance its accountability, which is many and varied, including eyewitness interviews, forensic evidence, crime scenes, in addition to analyzing recorded videos and photographs taken to inform the Criminal operations and others. It is in this spirit that the UNITAD Investigative Team is always aware of the reasons why the Council agreed to the Iraqi government's request: to defend the right of survivors to justice, to establish an indisputable record of the crimes committed, and thus to expose the falsity of the narratives used to justify the international crimes committed by the terrorist organization Daesh, the so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

The continental trend has had a great interest among modernist thinkers in various aspects, including political, social and religious aspects, as well as the state had a share of this continental trend in the theses of modernity and its thinkers, and as a result of that interest was initiated by it, social justice was introduced to religion because it preceded it by application in the pre-Christian and pre-religious eras, and then it underwent intellectual development to include social justice, politics, democracy and how it developed under modernity and died as a result For this reason, the research was divided into three demands: the first demand: the state in the continental direction, the second demand: social justice and religion in the continental direction, and the third demand: politics and democracy in the continental direction, and a conclusion.

The importance of the study lies in the fact that the ideas of the philosopher John Locke represented the cornerstone of modern philosophy and early political theory and liberalism, emphasizing an unprecedented priority for freedom and equality for the independent individual, which led to the development of concepts such as tolerance, secularism and human rights, and his propositions, especially political ones, contributed to the development of modern and contemporary philosophical and political thought. It influenced many thinkers who contemporaneed him, or those who came after him, whether in his critique of the absolute rule and the divine patriarchy of kings, or in his interpretation of the state of nature and the formation of power according to the social contract, and then later the separation of powers, within a constitutional civil government that combines custom and law at the same time, which was discussed by the English philosopher and thinker John Locke in his most famous book "Two Treatises on Government" in the 1880s and in the context of the struggle between the radical Whig Party and the Tory Party. Conservative and supporter of the Stuart family .

Education is the cornerstone that we put for the beginning of building a better society, sound and righteous, with great ambitions for its ceilings and dreams that are known to achieve them no matter how many difficulties they face, they find in education the experience that helps them overcome the mistakes that have fallen before them, as many developing countries have not developed and overcome the problems of poverty and disease or education and the creation of new young generations that keep pace with the times and help them in the texts and progress of society . The only way to pass from one generation to another is to do better, because without education, our youth will not be able to build societies and nations.

The Administrative Inspection Laws that replaced the Administrative Inspection Law of 1923 came with the same content and substance, except for some simple additions between one law and another, clarifications on the work affairs of the employees and their performance of their duties, their relationship with the authority, the performance of their duties, the performance of their duties, the affairs of municipalities, the urban situation, national and foreign companies, advertisements harmful to the government, as well as newspaper affairs, and other administrative and economic matters, with an increase in the powers of the administrative inspectors.
The deputies of the Hilla district participated in presenting their proposals and expressing their opinions and observations in the discussion of the regulations of the Administrative Inspection Law, which took on a political and national character, but that participation was small and limited to only two deputies out of five deputies who represented the Hilla district in the fourth electoral cycle, namely MP Mustafa Assem and MP Salman Al-Barrak, who had a distinguished role in presenting opinions and proposals, and his participation was very active and effective, which qualified him to become vice president. The House of Representatives in the fifth electoral cycle, and chaired several sessions of the House of Representatives efficiently and competently in the absence of the Speaker of the House.

This research dealt with the fields of the social dimension of child poverty in the district of Kufa for the year 2022, and highlighted the most important fields in which the level of poverty increases according to three administrative units, because of the importance of this topic in highlighting the most important negative effects and serious repercussions on children, which fall within the geography of population studies and social studies .
This research relied on the data of the field study for the year 2022, which was represented in interviews, field visits, and questionnaire form to obtain information and data on the subject of the study, where (381) questionnaires were designed. After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the deprivation rates vary from one region to another and from one field to another, as The district of Al-Hurriya came in the most deprived areas of study in most fields, while the center of the district of Kufa came in the least deprived areas. Deprivation also varied at the level of the fields, as the value of the deprivation reached the field of health.

The study of the natural characteristics represented by (the location of the study area, geological composition, surface, climate, soil and water resources) are important and influential factors in the study area. Natural factors are an important factor in international politics and in the power of the state as they are a permanent and constant element, as geography is the place on which countries interact during history, negatively or positively. Because of this, geography plays a vital role, especially in determining The vision of political planners in all countries, and has an impact on the decision-making of governments in foreign policy matters. In the same vein, geographers interested in global politics present a vision of the global scene, thus using geographical descriptions and metaphors within the science of strategic geography, which investigates political, economic and military planning that is concerned with the natural environment through its use in analyzing or understanding economic and political problems of an international nature. Its policy, and therefore natural factors are the basis on which the state is based.

Despite the great role that women can play inside the home, their possibilities are not limited to that, they are half of the society despite the repercussions of the current conditions and the lack of job opportunities available to them, but they have not stopped the contribution of women in work .
Since these variables are personal, the information about these variables was completed through the distribution of the questionnaire form to reach the required results.
The study found through the field study that the academic achievement of the female workforce who obtained a bachelor's degree and diploma was higher than the rest of the other educational levels, reaching (41.6%, 36.6%), and the study also revealed a decrease in the percentage of primary school achievement and below (1.2%). In addition, the percentage of married female workers exceeded the rest of the marital cases and reached (58.9%), and the district of Al-Qadisiyah came with the highest The percentage (70.2%) and the lowest percentage in the network area (0.0%) also dealt with social variables: educational status, marital status, and it was found that these variables have a clear effect on the work of females socially.

This research dealt with the morphometric changes of the river islands in the Euphrates River extending from the south of Kifl at the beginning (the branch of the Shatt al-Kufa stream) to the north of Al-Shanafiyah and for the period of (20092023) where the phenomenon of river islands was studied, which is one of the geomorphological phenomena resulting from river sedimentation processes.

This theme aims to create a comprehensive framework to address the major challenges faced by the environment as a result of climate change, along with the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The current 1.1°C increase in greenhouse gases above pre-industrial levels has caused many natural disasters that pose a significant challenge to human and non-human living environments. coming to reach about 1.5 degrees Celsius with more serious and more frequent environmental, economic and social consequences.

Today, the green urbanization strategy is one of the concerns that many international and even Arab countries seek to implement due to climate change, pollution, major climate change, and the rise in temperatures, and one of the most important indicators when applying this strategy is sustainable and environmentally friendly mobility and the adoption of means of transportation for the population that do not affect the environment and have low emissions, and also the most important environmental challenges resulting from traditional transportation have been addressed, and we will also address the reality of the study area and learn about the extent of its application. of the Sustainable Mobility Index and its comparison with international standards with the development of conclusions and recommendations.

Self-aggrandizement and the emergence of the ego is a disease that may afflict a person, and this disease may reach the point of self-aggrandizement, and the love of the ego, which is the result of mans extreme admiration for himself, and excessive self-love, and everyone may go through this matter, which is the individuals feeling that he is the center of the universe, and the earth revolves only around him, in return he does not give importance to others, that is, the ego is prominent in him, in contrast to the underplay and disrespect of others, and the ego is multi-types in the individual, for there is the ego that loves and the ego that hates.
In the field of literature, self-aggrandizement and the emergence of the ego is a psychological state that may add splendor and beauty to poetry, unlike other fields in which this state is a harmful and harmful disease, for example, this state poses a danger in the field of power and governance.
The inflated ego is often a dual personality, combining three dissonant personalities at once: the narcissistic personality that seeks to impress others, and the fact that its owner possesses exceptional abilities with a heroic character.
The second personality is authoritarian: it is often angry, has a strict temperament, and is sharp in dealing with others.
The third is containmentism it tries to control others and contain their moral and intellectual existence, as if its owner is the world of everything and nothing else.
Psychological conditions, emotional deprivation, and the cruelty of childhood may be the reason behind the inflated self and the prominent ego, and Al-Jawahiris poetry is characterized by the prominence of the ego, and the self-inflating following in the footsteps of Al-Mutanabbi, which constituted a strong psychological obsession for him.
This research dealt with the exaggeration of the poet Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri in exaggerating himself, this exaggeration formed the most important features of his poetry, which expresses an inflated self and I am prominent, as he thinks that he is a bright star that illuminates poetic forums, he does not forget in any location to affirm himself as a transcendent poet, his individuality, and his freedom in glory and prominence until his concern in boasting almost overwhelms the subject of his poems.

The research aims to identify the news sentences in the poetry of Muhammad Reda Al-Shabibi, and tried to discover their function of commands and prohibitions, and each sentence has a superficial structure and a deep structure, so the reader must be contemplative to reach the deep structure, and it was presented to the people of the era, he did not declare these commands or prohibitions directly, but he used the principle of politeness or indirect dialogue out of discipline and respect for his countrymen without declaring his orders or prohibitions.

One of the problems that the modernists colluded to repeat and dispatch to is the issue of the mixing of Meccan verses and civil verses within the same surah, so they attributed this once to the conditions of the codification and another to the nature of the gradual descent, and the research tried to uncover the problems and criticize them vertically, and the other historical issue is related to the bonds between the order, the abrogator, and the abrogator, and the research sought to clarify the nature of the existing relationship.

The present research aims to identify the self-reference among university leaders in the Middle Euphrates, so the research sample consisted of (300) leaders from the Middle Euphrates universities who were selected by random stratified method according to gender and specialization, and the researcher used the self-reference scale, which consists of (23) items as well. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were verified by the method of test, retest, and alpha-Cro-Nabach coefficient. The following statistical methods were used: (arithmetic mean, median, pattern, standard deviation, variance, torsion))
The results of the research showed the following: University leaders are characterized by high self-reference and have statistically significant differences in self-reference according to the gender variable (males, females) and in favor of males. There are also statistically significant differences in self-reference according to the variable of specialization (scientific, human) and in favor of scientific specialization, and in light of the results of the research, a number of recommendations and suggestions have been developed.

The research aims to identify:
1. Existential heartbreak among university students.
2. Statistical Significance of Differences in Existential Heartbreak among University Students according to Variables (Gender, Male-Female and Specialization, Scientific-Human).
The researcher used the descriptive method in the method of relational relations, and the research sample consisted of (500) male and female students from the University of Kufa, who were selected by random stratified method from the faculties of the University of Kufa.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a scale for existential heartbreak based on the definition of (1969, Frankle), and determined the areas of the scale according to the adopted definition, and the researcher distinguished the test paragraphs and it was found that all the test items were distinguished by using the method of the two extreme groups (peripheral comparison method) to verify the discriminating ability of the paragraphs of the existential heartbreak scale, and the apparent honesty and the honesty of the construction were extracted for the scale, while the consistency was extracted by the method of testing and re-testing and using the Cronbach's alpha method .
To process the data, the researcher used statistical methods using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version (V.25), according to the order in which they were used in the research
The results of the research were as follows :
• The members of the current research sample are generally characterized by existential heartbreak.
• There were statistically significant differences in the specialization variable in favor of the human specialization, and the gender variable in favor of females.
• There is no interaction between the two variables of sex (male, female), and specialization (scientific, human).

The main objective of the research is to identify the most important problems facing the work of banks, which are represented by banking risks. The researcher resorted to the study using a set of analyses such as descriptive analysis and statistical tests through statistical programs (Eviews12), (EXCEL) and (PANELDATA). The research found that there is a relationship between interest rate risks and the rate of return on deposits, which indicates that banks invest most of their deposits in treasury bills. The research reached recommendations, the most important of which was that the banks in the research sample should not exaggerate the criterion of capital adequacy because it has a significant impact on the rate of return on deposits.

The present study aimed to analyze the role of economic responsibility as an independent variable in enhancing the banking reputation as a dependent variable, and the banking sector, represented by the private banks operating in the governorate of Najaf, was selected as a spatial community to conduct the study in a sample of (57) employees in the concerned banks, adopted by the employee as the main unit of analysis. The study tried to answer many questions that formed the problem of the study, perhaps the most prominent of which was the main question that stipulated "What is the role of economic responsibility in promoting Banking reputation. The importance of the current study stemmed from the importance of its variables and from the many studies that emphasized the importance of investigating the relationship between these two variables, as well as the importance of banking departments taking into account the studied variables if they want to maintain their reputation in the long term. In order to achieve the objectives of the current study, which is to reveal the nature of the relationship between its variables, the researcher has adopted a main hypothesis, the correlation hypothesis. The hypotheses were tested under a bold model built by adopting previous studies that showed the relationship between the study variables. The researcher followed the comparative method to reach the objectives of the study and find answers to her questions. To test the hypotheses of the study, the researcher used many statistical tools, including confirmatory factor analysis, arithmetic means, standard deviation, and relative importance. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation between economic responsibility and banking reputation, and the study came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the need to activate the role of the government by imposing the laws that govern the work of banks within the framework of economic responsibility, and activating the role of senior leaders through activating the internal systems that govern the work of their employees, which is reflected in their dealings with customers and their reputation in the long run. The Far Away.

The research aimed to employ one of the important techniques of artificial intelligence, which is fuzzy logic in the field of auditing, and to explore how to benefit from this technology in enhancing audit procedures, and the research was applied in the Directorate of the National Audit Office in Najaf, and the results showed that there is a direct effect between each paragraph and the dimension to which it belongs, as questionnaire forms were distributed with (87) valid questionnaires for statistical analysis out of (100) questionnaires .

The constitutional articles mentioned above represent the constitutional practices that guarantee the national identity, as they have balanced the component with its political representation and its economic, cultural and social rights, which enhances the role of minorities in promoting and protecting the national identity, which in turn unifies the positions of society in its various components.
Constitutional practices that promote and guarantee national identity require the implementation of constitutional texts that activate the role of minorities within society and integrate sectarianism, ethnicity and ethnicity into the term national identity by focusing on all minorities obtaining their rights on the ground, and failure to achieve this leads to the deviation of democracy from its true path and thus leads to the fragmentation of the society with which the national identity is fragmented. Depending on the constitutional texts, it constitutes a guarantee for the preservation of the national identity against other small identities.

Critics and scholars have had a variety of opinions on the concept of the image, which has made this term sometimes ambiguous, despite its frequent circulation in study and criticism, and that the angle of view of the image according to the different cultures and visions of critics is philosophical, artistic, or literary, as well as the nature of the image according to its formative stages, some of whom know it, and some of them know it, and some of them describe it while it is in the process of formation, and some talk about it, and it is a visible achievement, all of which has caused the ambiguity of the concept The image in criticism, in addition to the impact of ijtihad, misunderstanding of the term, and the confusion they left in determining the significance of the term image. The concept of the image in the context of this research is determined by the nature of the poetic text of the poet Ibn al-Zaqq al-Valencia, as well as the specificity imposed on us by the research, because we are looking for an image that is almost crystallized in our minds beforehand, which is the image created by the statement in Arabic rhetoric, so any researcher can extract images from the poet's texts, which may impose on him a certain approach in research, but in this research we have already set our goal of the research, as the research here is a tracing of the image as a rhetorical technique The poet is a prominent component in its production.