Magazine of historical studies and archaeology

Syria managed to impose its presence and influence e on the political arena through its foreign polices with which they deal in concerning the issue of August 1990 crisis. The positive attitude of Syria towards this crisis overcame the change in the attitude to the establishment of the relationships between Syria and the Arabian Gulf states, in addition to the establishment of the relations between Syria and Iran, and the attitude rejecting the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
In addition to that Syria acquired the great powers’ favor thanks to the fundamental principle they follow during the Gulf Crisis. They managed to play an important role that were to maintain the Arab Union, and on the human and material capabilities that would be wasted due to the war.

This study deals with the influence of the Imam in these works and how he dealt with his biography of peace and his intellectual contributions, especially as he is considered the planter of the seeds of Shiism in Morocco by sending the preachers to show the flag of the imams peace be upon them.
Topics are divided as follows:
The first subject: - Biography of Imam Jafar Sadiq in the work

The history of Japanese archaeological activity in the field of surveys, investigations and excavations of archaeological for the first time in Iraq to detect manifestations of ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia related to 1956, first exploration Japanese expedition reached Iraq delegate from the University of Tokyo between September and October of 1956, , the expedition consisted of thirteen professor and specialist specialized in archeology, Pre-history and architecture Arts, geology, anthropology, natural, human and Physical Geography, as well as photographers. The expedition was headed by Professor Namio Ekami.
The expedition replaced for the first time near the site Telul – Ethalathat in Nineveh province, which was chosen by the professor Namio Ekama (Head of Expedition), it was a choice based on recommendations made by the General Directorate of Antiquities at the time (now the General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage), Professor Dr. Naji Al-Asil for the head of the expedition on the importance of the site and the roles of civilization in it, for this reason the Japanese expedition decided to start work in it.
The Japanese expedition had the honor at that time because of the visiting of Prince Takahito Mikasa to Iraq (17/ September -11/October/ 1956), who visited the Iraq Museum and other Ancient cities in Iraq, moreover he visited the cite Telul-Ethalat, the Prince Mikasa was the first person who started the work of the excavation in the site.
The Expedition of Telul-Ethalathat started their work on 8/ October 1956, its continued for several seasons during which he revealed the roles of civilization belonging to the historical and Pre- Historic periods with numbers of archaeological finds and artifacts of great importance.
Other archaeological sites and cites in Iraq were excavated by other Japanese expedition, a new Japanese expeditions from Kukoshikan University headed by Professor Dr. Hedio Fujii started their excavation in Al-Tar gaves near Kerbela province, caves Tar located 30 km to the southwest of the city of Karbala, a group of caves and caves stretching along the well-known sea salt region, which is surrounded by several valleys and oases, the number of caves (400) almost a cave, the gaves dug in the range of 1200 BC, and in the period between the third century BC to the third century AD These caves graves were used to bury.
When the Iraqi Government, and the General Organization for Antiquities,(The State Board of Antiquities and Heritage now) announced for the national and international expeditions to excavate the Archaeological sites at the Hamrin Dam Basin, which located on the Diyala River. The work began in 1977, the Japanese expedition from the Kukushikan University headed by Prof. Dr. Hideo Fujii was one of the first foreign expeditions who started work in Himrin Dam, including Tel Kubba Tel Sonkor (1.2, 3) Work continued for two seasons several started from August / 1977 up to the early eighties of the last century.
In summer 1981, the General Organization of Antiquities began working in a project to save the Archaeological sites of Saddam Dam, which located in the Eski Mosul area in the provinces of Nineveh and Dohuk, and at the invitation of the institution at the time of several national and international exploration expeditions have participated to work in the project, including the Japanese exploration of Kukushikan University expeditions headed by Professor Dr. Hedio Fujii, they worked in several sites, such as: Tel Jikan, Tel Der Hall, Tel Mishrifa, Tel Jessari, Tel Adhevij, and Tel Qsr-Banat, this group of archaeological sites were located on both sides of the Tigris River in the area and at Faida and Zammar province.
The Japanese expedition from Kukushikan University also, started a archaeological Survey in one of the important ancient cities in Mesopotamia, it is the Kish, which located near the city at Babylon, this was between 1988-1989, the expedition was headed by Professor Dr. Hidio Fujii, they started their first season between January 1988- February 1989, in the western part of the city.

The Museums in the present era from research centers and cultural institutions task , it is a mirror of nations and communities. Developed countries have been alerted in the industry and planning of cities and facilities diversified the service to the importance of the Museum and his education, I took those nations are racing with each other to create specialized in various fields of science and the arts and the old industries and museums of coins, as well as Museums, military, agricultural and Museums, Museums and science and astronomy, and the Museums of Natural History, the Museums of clothes and house hold furniture.
And numerous types of Museums to include partial privacy and human life in the present, and there was with the Universality of Museums in that it encompasses information and materials from various countries of the world, local and specialized museums, and Museums became aware of the important science that mean by Universities and scientific institutions, as I worked on the study of science Museum of architectural aspects, modalities and methods of Museum presentation and display cabinets exact specifications and suitability for medical material presented and the quality of lighting and respects the security and publications needed by the visitors and that fit their need for various age levels and cultural Museum, as they formed with each other private organizations issued scientific magazines and specialized publications on the attic degree of accuracy in the material and style of printing and output .
Given the importance of the role of Museums of different types and its goals in the cultural life of the community, and because of the many Museums of different disciplines, whether those of the governmental institutions or private Museums, the Department of the Iraq Museum took on the responsibility to promote these Museums, which unknown to a lot of people and do not know a lot for its specialties and its contents, and has worked to highlight and spotlight them in the hope that the desired lead role towards society and being a civilized face bright should see far and wide .

The blind scientists and writers in Andalusia, like other scientists and writers, in Andalusia or in other Islamic cities, had their activity in the fields of life and other scientific arenas, they created and presented their knowledge in the field of administration, justice and politics, and some of them not only obtained the high position in the judiciary or the administration, but occupied an important position as a consulted jurist had a great role in the management of the state and influence in the Andalusian society?

Human life has passed through several stages, from which human beings have sought to own needs and utensils and household items, Vmrahal developments and civilization were numerous, Kamrahal stairs, whenever the progress of time the human became a civil closer, and to organize his life cares more, Vaanaj to some of the tools and utensils and household Althviac manufactured of the subjects of pottery, porcelain, glass, these industries were present in Egypt, but the Muslims after seizing Egypt have developed and added to things that were not known in other countries Vazdant their palaces and homes of princes and used glass Costume for their wives and their vessels that drink after being added to a wonderful geometric motifs

When the Muslims wanted to spread the Islamic religion at the beginning of the Islamic conquest of the countries beyond the river were cautious of the danger of the infidels and evidence that Muslims did not travel and appear in mosques and public places without weapons and has continued this situation for a long time, and often mosques were on the market or soon Including the Mosque of the Mosque of Oush City, the mosque of the Mosque of Medina and Sage, and the Mosque of the City Mosque and the two mosques. This mosque has a door in the markets and another in the field. Due to the great importance of the mosque, the places of the judiciary were at the beginning of Islam in the mosque, The mosque was A prophetic place to spend during the time of the Prophet as well as throughout the caliphate, it was narrated that the caliphs were serving in the mosque, the judiciary has been in the mosque of the old people ordered

Reach search found several conclusion including , that there were
A number of internal and external factors which met and led to the birth of the party at the hands of Ahmed Hussein .It is noticeable that Ahmed Hussein built in the founding of European ideas, especially the fascist ideology and Nazi ideology , proof of the this is the establishment of the Green party teams shirts inspired by the idea of black and brown shirts Italy and Germany.
Although, the young Egypt party was one of the most influential minority parties in terms of participation events ,but the members of this party have been unable to enter any minister due to the young to the young age of its members .
Generality, this party has received support of king fouad , king faroug and some men Egyptian government, especially Mohamed Mahmud and Ail Maher.

The researcher chose the subject of the Islamic Minarets in East (Minaret of Qutub Manar as a model) because of its importance in the field of archaeological studies, especially the countries of the eastern Islamic world, which is characterized by the diversity of architectural elements of buildings and especially the minarets due to the diversity of the people belonging to different races between Turks, Mongols, Afghans, Persians and local residents, which rule the Indian subcontinent during Islamic Control.
The study is to trace the types of minarets and their origin in the Islamic East, especially in India, and the focus on the minaret of Qutub Manar, which is the best of Islamic architecture in India, It is the highest minarets in Islamic India and it was distinguished by its varied design and decorative formations, which researchers tried to attribute to Hindu architecture and discussed theories of the origin, And it came out as a purely Islamic building that stems from its function of preaching when it comes the time of prayer. I have compared it with contemporary buildings in Persia and found that it bears Persian and Asian influences and I also studied its decorative formations and quoted texts that had been published in previous studies and it was discovered that it was built with the participation of Muslim and Hindus and the stones were used from ancient Hindu temples. The minaret was damaged due to climatic factors and the restoration works were documented by translating the written texts on its body.

It was Baghdad the Focus of attention Scholars of thought in Spite of Exposing thaPolitical setbacks But it was rises intellectually this advancement Enabled them Be Creative in the field scientific quali fications very elegant Among these characters is personal sharif Al-Mortada which played an important role in the intellectual movement Contributed to the development of scientific life and intellectual in the fifth century AH march scientific and in tellectual activity and administrative in spite of the Capacity of his knowledge and sciences But he managed it serves the intellectual space with qualifications his family to feed generations from the pioneer of thought and literature language and novels and the news be into them the back is strong in enriching intellectual life scientific activities as well as sharif with a wide culture and openness to the doctrinal currents and doctrinal doctrines and verbism who leads the scientific movement in his time thisis on the other hand in addition to that his excitations for the intellectual has made a movement of thought and scientific discussions his highness the minds of the scholars were refuted to the best and raise questions and answer on her so he has the latest responses Act different in the circles of his offense in view and methodology this is in itself enrichment of the intellectual and scientific space thus developing scientific life towards the best and the best .

This study discussed The reign of Sultan Saladin depended on a group of great princes, such as Prince Baha Al-Din Qaraqush and Sultan Issa al-Hakkari who played a special rule in the inauguration of Sultan Salah Al-Din to be the Egypt's successor after his uncle Assad Al-Din Shirkuh. Sultan Salah Al-Din was just 32 years old. At the beginning of his reign, he entrusted prince Qaraqush with the task of administering the Fatimid palace, which was a source of inconvenience to the Sultan. The people of the palace were not satisfied with the Sultan's appointment in the ministry. Sultan Qaraqush was able to manage the palace successfully and terminating this footnote very calmly.
Perhaps this success of prince Qaraqush in his first mission encouraged the Sultan to assign more missions to him. The task of building the mountain castle was the first task after his success in eliminating the Fatimid rule in Egypt. The Prince moved to Acre to protect the city from the Crusades. But the long Crusader's siege that besieged the city and the continued bombardment of the city forced prince Qaraqosh to seek reconciliation and deliver the city to save the people trapped in the city.

This research deals with an important part of the cultural history of pharaonic Egypt represented by the religious aspect ,which was based on the existence of the gods , especially the gods of the harvest ,which is the main subject of the research , which focused mainly on the nature of these rituals and rituals of the harvest goddesses the problems facing fertility and how the egyptains treated it and the most important gods of harvest and fertility and the dry season ,He also discussed the multiplication of the harvests and how to share all categries of Egyptian people and the role of the priests of the temples and how the pharaonic attend , The researcher benefited from a number of sources in the ancient history and developed a collection of appendices to be used clarifying the forms and the nature of gods ,their symbols and their significance in the history of pharaonic Egypt .

The legend of the flood is one of the oldest stories Which told by people , and was associated with its early history, It is one of the oldest stories that organized as poetry and writing . It is considered one of the most important texts mentioned in various religious books . It was, of course, characterized by local character and ideological tendencies . It contains the pagan load in the pre-divine writings , And is characterized by monotheism in the heavenly books . The first stories that came to us were the story of the Sumerian-Babylonian flood .