journal of kufa studies center

The Sunnah of Allah required that not all human beings should follow one religion, as there are many religions, and when a person embraces a religion, he believes in its validity. It is very natural for the followers of a certain religion to believe that they are right and others are wrong because of different beliefs.
The research was divided into four demands, the first demand was titled religious pluralism and moral fruits, the second demand was entitled liberal democracy, and in the third demand we talked about deep pluralism, and in the fourth demand we talked about religious pluralism and complete transformation.

The biography of the Prophet is a central topic in historical and Islamic studies, as it shows the history of Islam and the establishment of the first Islamic state by the Prophet Muhammad. Orientalists, from the era of the Crusaders to the present, have focused on the biography of the Prophet in their research to understand this historical period, which has enriched the understanding of early Islamic developments. Iraqi historian Saleh Ahmed al-Ali, who received his higher education in Britain, played a major role in the critique and analysis of these orientalist studies, with a focus on correcting misconceptions. The Academy has contributed to enhancing his position as a prominent figure in Iraqi academic circles, and has contributed to enriching the Arab and Islamic understanding of the Prophets biography. This research aims to shed light on Al-Alis scientific career and his writings that dealt with the biography of the Prophet and his criticism of the attitudes of orientalists towards it.

The importance of the research lies in finding an effective media policy through news analysis tools to achieve the goals, which contributes to shedding light on the water crisis, which is one of the serious problems, which makes it imperative for the government and the relevant authorities to achieve harmony between the government orientation and the media and news policy to shed light on the local and international levels in accordance with the legal frameworks and the historical and geographical entitlement of Iraq guaranteed by the international laws that draw the relationship between the countries participating in the rivers, the evil of the upstream countries or the role of the This depends on media diversification and the adoption of an efficient media policy that would give social and political awareness in society, such as Iraqs water rights, how to confront the desertification crisis and the scarcity of water caused by global warming, and the creation of modern methods related to water management, as well as obliging countries to international laws and agreements that grant water rights between coastal countries, including Turkey and Iraq.

Evaluation is one of the important elements in the training process to verify its success and achieve its goals, so the research aimed to identify the reality of teaching methods courses towards blended learning in Iraqi universities according to the updated curriculum through the evaluation of its participants, and to achieve this goal, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of 35 paragraphs (30 of which were answered according to the five-point hierarchy, and 5 of them were open-ended questions to provide suggestions for developing the course) and the questionnaire included four areas, and it was presented to the experts and referees to extract the apparent honesty The consistency was calculated as it reached (0.81), and a sample of faculty members participating in the teaching methods courses was selected according to the updated curriculum at the Center for Continuing Education – University of Kufa, where it reached 60 male and female teachers, (6) PhD holders and (54) masters degree holders, and the questionnaire was applied in the academic year 2023-2024, and after using statistical means (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Cronbachs alpha equation, and T-test).

The research tagged (Color Technique in Picassos Painting A Girl in Front of the Creative Mirror in the Marie-Therese Walter Period) deals with the color technique is one of the pillars that lead to the making of an artistic painting, the two researchers dealt in the first chapter with the formal framework of the research, represented by the research problem, its importance, limitations, and the definition of terms, and the research problem is determined by the following question: What is Picassos creative technique in the period of Marie-Thérèse Walter? As for the importance of the research, the research is concerned with one of the most important qualities The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework of the research, including the identification of the paintings of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso in the period of Marie-Thérèse Walter, the technique of color, and creativity, and the third chapter included the procedures and the applied aspect, while the fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, and recommendations.

The study aims to identify the importance of hybrid human resource management and its role in enhancing organizational excellence as a serious attempt to bridge or reduce the knowledge gap in explaining the nature of the relationship between these variables, by surveying the opinions of the target sample at Middle Euphrates Technical University / in the formations of Najaf Governorate.
The researcher sought to achieve the objectives of the study by obtaining information and data related to the study variables and adopting the descriptive-analytical method in collecting data from the research sample and through the main department, the questionnaire and personal interviews, where the researcher used the field survey method through the distribution of the study questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of (265) employees and workers working at the Middle Euphrates Technical University in a number of formations in Najaf Ashraf Governorate out of the total study population of (846) with a response rate of (87%), and the analysis process was conducted based on a number of statistical methods such as the SPSS v26 program.

This study includes the importance of identifying green leadership and its role in achieving organizational well-being, as a serious attempt to bridge or reduce the knowledge gap and explain the nature of the relationship between green leadership and organizational well-being, through a survey of the opinions of the sample from teachers at Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq Al-Ahliyya Mosque, Najaf Al-Ashraf Branch.
The problem of the study was embodied in a fundamental question: What is the role of green leadership in achieving organizational well-being? The researcher seeks to achieve the objectives of the study through the use of the descriptive-analytical method to obtain information and relying on several sources such as data, observation and personal interviews, then she used the field survey method through the distribution of a questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of (122) teaching staff working at Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq National University, Najaf Al-Ashraf Branch, out of a total of (160) study population The number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (122). The analysis process was carried out based on a number of statistical methods such as (SPSS v26).

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of most of its countries, the Russian Federation faced major challenges, including the expansion of NATO towards the east to include some countries in the Black Sea region. This was considered a threat to national security, due to NATO's plans to impose a strategic cordon on Russia and thus weaken its role at the global level.
Therefore, the Russian strategy came in response to those plans and worked to break the noose by preventing Georgia from joining NATO through the Georgian war in 2008, and this war showed the power of the Russian Federation and the restoration of prestige and influence with the countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as Russia was able through this war to reduce the American-European role in the region.
After that, a phase of Russian-Western rivalry appeared in that region through the conclusion of many political and economic agreements and security alliances with the countries of the Black Sea region.

This research deals with the challenges of Russias foreign policy towards Libya, which make its position towards Libya a sensitive one, and these challenges have varied and been formed in different forms, including local, regional, and international, and these challenges were not limited to a specific field, but were various political, security and economic challenges, Russia faced many major challenges after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and these challenges were at the internal and external levels, as it can be understood that the Russian foreign policy in Libya came for the sake of interests in that logic Through the countries of North Africa and Libya in particular, Russia seeks to return to its global position among the major countries, and several challenges have emerged in Libya that have affected Russian foreign policy after 2011, and these challenges have various sources, including internal, regional, as well as international, and Russian foreign policy has been influenced by them .

Trumpism is one of the complex phenomena in American foreign policy that emerged with President Donald Trumps assumption of power in January 2017, as it focused on provoking national populist emotions based on the imbalance in government performance in achieving public development, while spreading ethnic division and moving away from the concept of democratic pluralism. In order to achieve winning deals, the US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal came "5+1".

The writing of history in the Ottoman Empire in its development in style, methodology and diversity of works has gone through several stages and transformations, from the Persian Shahnameh style, which began during the reign of Muhammad the Conqueror, then developed into an official function during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, to turn at the beginning of the eighteenth century into an official institution called The Chronicles of Neuslek with the aim of writing a continuous history of the state, and then the Ottoman Historical Society replaced it in 1909 AD, adopting contemporary scientific principles and standards. In parallel, great historians emerged who wrote worksIndependent and sober starting from the second half of the sixteenth century, their writings were characterized by the adoption of a critical style in the recording of events, and this trend in writing history was strengthened during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, while the nineteenth century witnessed the beginning of a new phase in the writing of Ottoman history, besides the influence of the European style, great historians emerged who left their mark on the systematic development, and so on were the influences.

In this research, we have tried to answer questions imposed by the research rationales, in terms of the question of the strictness of morality and how to impose this moral rigor in its societal or legal form or by self-obliging it to be derived from conscience before it is imposed as an ethical system in different forms, to which the individual and society may submit, under the penalty of legislation, traditions and general principles, the first demand was in which we talked about the freedom and moral determinism that results from this obligation, which is matched by a punishment, whether legal. The second requirement is that we talk about independence and moral obligation, whether they contradict or correspond in terms of the conscientious desire to adapt to laws and general moral controls, and the third requirement is about the question of morality and its self-imposed rigor, either objectively or objectively. By the religious, social, or mental factor, or by the law.

This research entitled (The Virtues of Imam Hassan Al-Askari (AS) in Poetry – Ali bin Isa Al-Arbali as a Model) included four topics, the first topic (the era of Imam Hassan Al-Askari) dealt with some of the political, economic, social and intellectual conditions that Imam Hadi (AS) was exposed to, and the second topic (the virtues and virtues of Imam Al-Hassan) came with the presentation of fragments of the fragrant biography of Imam (AS).
The third topic dealt with (psychological and loyalty connection), which included psychological and loyalty references by the poet to the characteristics and dignity of the Imam, and the fourth topic included the Imamate of Hassan Al-Askari (AS) as an ideology and approach to the Imamate of the Mahdi (AS).

One of the many things that is being dealt with at the present time is the contracting of public universities with some lecturers who hold higher degrees for the purpose of appointment as a temporary contract to their administrative, educational, academic institutions and research centers, even within the scope of the ministry itself, for the purpose of achieving the public interest. Is it an unnamed civil contract to which the general rules apply, as it is less common and interacting with people? Or is it a so-called contract whose provisions have been regulated by the Iraqi legislator and stipulated by special civil legal rules, and at the same time the general rules are applied to it in accordance with the provisions of Article (76) of the Iraqi Civil Code under discussion?

The Court of Cassation represents the top of the judicial pyramid in the country, it is the highest judicial body in the judicial organization, and its main task and main function in terms of origin is to monitor the lower courts in the extent of their commitment to the correct application of the law to the facts of the case, and it exercises this function by scrutinizing the decisions and rulings it issued in the contested cases, and therefore it either ratifies the decisions under challenge when it agrees with the correct law or reverses them and returns them to the same court that This is the main function of that court, but the Iraqi legislator did not stop at this function, but granted it another authority under Article (214) of the Code of Civil Procedure, which is the power to adjudicate on the subject matter of the lawsuit, but this power is not absolute but is limited by certain conditions, and therefore the Court of Cassation may not rule on the subject matter of the case without meeting those conditions, and this has led to a jurisprudential dispute On the Legal Adaptation of the Court of Cassation .

Technology has produced modern programs that have been used by humans in various aspects of life, such as entertainment, communication, work, science and knowledge, and despite the bright side of these programs that are based on their features, the harms of these programs have become a warning that threatens the principles and virtuous morals within societies, and the Iraqi society is new to the electronic experience. This has raised the question of the effectiveness of the penal texts in force in confronting the danger of this electronic content that is widespread in Iraq, such as the spread of wildfire in Iraq, and the direction of initiating criminal liability and its procedures in curbing the spread of this harmful electronic content in word and deed.

The Welsh leader Llywelyn ab Iorwerth was able to rise to power in the principality of Gwynedd in North Wales in 1295 and gave it leadership over all other areas of Wales, making it a starting point to achieve his goals, as he worked hard to build a strong internal front represented in the unification of all Wales despite the great difficulties he faced as a result of the conflicts and conflicts between the Welsh princes, and the imposition of his personality and status on his rivals from within the Welsh For him and for all Wales, which is to be free as much as possible from English domination at many times, although he lived through three English kings, each of whom differed from the other in his personality and view of the situation in Wales, namely King Richard I (1189-1199), King John (1199-1216) and King Henry III (1216-1272), so he was waiting for the right opportunities and conditions in launching his attacks on the border areas with England, as well as his control over the properties belonging to it in Wales, which put the English in many places. times in a difficult situation and gave Wells an important position.

The study aimed to explore the nature and legal nature of the electronic contract, as well as to study the legal provisions that govern this type of contract, and to identify the legal rights of the consumer in these contracts. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study, where the legal texts and Iraqi legislation related to electronic contracts and the protection of consumer rights were analyzed. The study concluded that the Iraqi legislation provides comprehensive protection of consumer rights in electronic contracts, starting from the pre-contracting stage to the post-implementation stage At the stage of concluding the contract, the Iraqi civil law guarantees the protection of the consumer from arbitrary conditions, granting him the right to amend or cancel unfair terms, and at the stage of contract implementation, the law guarantees the consumer protection from hidden defects in the product, as he has the right to demand a refund of the product or a reduction in the price in case of discovering defects.

The agreement on the normalization of Saudi-Iranian relations, which was signed on March 10, 2023, is a very important turning point not only at the level of bilateral relations between the two countries, but also at the level of the Gulf region, the Middle East, and the process of rearranging regional and international balances. Since then, it has become clear that the Saudi and Iranian sides are keen to accelerate all steps to restore not only diplomatic relations, but also work to resume relations between them in various fields, in addition to contributing to the resolution of All the crises and outstanding issues in the region that constitute a factor of attrition for the two countries, especially the issue of the arms race, as the region has witnessed during the past few years a frantic arms race, and arms deals amounted to hundreds of billions of dollars, especially by the Arab Gulf countries, and this agreement is likely to end the arms race or at least reduce it.

Artificial intelligence is one of the newly used concepts through advanced technologies in various activities, including economic activity, whose importance is highlighted in its ability to provide financial services with high accuracy to individuals, promote economic growth and achieve high levels of economic well-being. It also has repercussions on the banking sector, which emerged with the work of banks through the provision of banking services and the growth of competitiveness in the market through automation that reduces economic costs, and one of the repercussions of artificial intelligence on the labor market has emerged through its contribution to providing new jobs and creating a new work environment and markets through its technologies used.