JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

A number of mathematical arguments have been used to thoroughly examine some of these sets' characteristics and their connections to other kinds of sets, including, for example we proved that in any topological space : Each is semi inter open set and semi-inter open set, each set is semi-inter open set and semi inter open set, each semi inter open set is -open set and semi inter open set, each open set is semi inter open set and semi inter open set, however, generally speaking the converses are not necessary to be valid. Also, we defined the topologically extended and non-topologically extended property for -semi-inter sets, and we show that the family of -semi inter open sets is not necessarily a topological space, with some characterizations as -semi-inter limit points, -semi-inter boundary of a set.

In this study, we examined the ratios of reduced electromagnetic transition probabilities for strongly coupled bands in 161Er nuclei using the Gammasphere spectrometer. The nuclei were populated via the 116Cd (48Ca, 3γ) fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 215 MeV. Experimental B(M1)/B(E2) ratios were extracted from the coincidence spectra using the Radware software suite. These results were compared with theoretical calculations to investigate the evolution of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transition strengths within the coupled bands. The observed B(M1)/B(E2) ratios are consistent with systematic trends in neighbouring isotopes; however, they exhibit a reduced M1 strength, particularly at low spin, as the nucleon number increases. The observed decrease indicates a reduction in the magnetic dipole component associated with changes in the underlying quasiparticle configuration. The experimental results closely match theoretical predictions, thereby validating the proposed configurations and expanding the systematics of B(M1)/B(E2) ratios within the Er isotopic chain.

At an early phase, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually not obvious. An appreciable reduction in kidney function is the primary sign of the disease. If CKD can be identified early, the rate at which CKD is advancing can be slowed down, and complications can be avoided. This study proposes using a swarm intelligence model for hyperparameter tuning. Hyperparameter tuning of SVM, RF, and GB classifiers was performed using the HHO Algorithm. The CKD dataset imbalance has been addressed by using SMOTE. Results of the study demonstrate that the HHO hyperparameter tuning methodology offered the best performance with respect to accuracy, F1-score, and ROC AUC. These results show that the HHO hyperparameter tuning methodology yields an increase in classification performance.

Hypertension is a major chronic disease worldwide and in Iraq. Baghdad especially suffers from it due to rapid urbanization, dietary changes, and lifestyle shifts. We lack local data on hypertension factors in Baghdad compared to global studies. This cross-sectional study examined multiple risk factors in 1,050 adults (ages 18-70) in Baghdad during 2023-2024. We used multi-stage stratified sampling. Logistic regression usingthe Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm was applied to select the most impactful variables. We studied 11 factors: age, gender, smoking, physical activity, BMI, cholesterol, salt intake, sleep quality, stress, education, and income. HHO was chosen because it handles high-dimensional data efficiently. Age (OR: 2.14) and obesity (BMI ≥30, OR: 3.26) emerged as the strongest predictors of hypertension in Baghdad. The hybrid model achieved 84.2% accuracy andan AUC of 0.87. Standard logistic regression hada lower AUC of 0.79. Age-targeted interventions are needed for hypertension control in Baghdad. Weight management programs are also essential. These results apply to other Middle Eastern cities facing similar epidemiological changes.

In this study, thin nickel oxide nanomembranes were obtained using thermal chemical spraying technology, which involves spraying a green-colored chemical solution at a rate of 30 sprays onto glass substrates with an area of 6.25 cm². This thin layer was prepared at a temperature of 450 °C under a pressure of 2 bar. The optical properties of nickel oxide films were studied using analytical methods such as dual spectral analysis of ultraviolet and visible light and their relationship to wavelengths which ranging from 190 nm to 1100 nm. The surface morphology was also studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis results showed that the nickel oxide film particles were irregularly spherical, with diameters ranging from 10 to 55 nm. These glass substrates were then exposed to ultraviolet radiation UVC for (1-3) hours, with each irradiation session lasting only one hour. By using a visible ultraviolet spectrometer before and after each hour, the results showed that the absorbance spectrum, changes with wavelength and also changes with irradiation time, decreasing with increasing wavelength and increasing with increasing irradiation time. The energy gap for NiO films prepared at a temperature of 450 °C was also calculated, and it was found that its value before irradiation was 3.70 eV and then began to decrease with increasing irradiation hours, reaching 3.63 eV. These results are consistent with those of previous studies, including studies [Faycal et al ,2018] and [kamal et al, 2004], which recorded energy gaps of (3.8 and 3.65) eV respectively.

This study proposes a multiobjective genetic algorithm-based framework to optimize key determinants of service quality in banking environments, addressing the limitations of conventional SERVQUAL and BSQ model. This study uses Nigerian banks as a case study to provide a trustworthy scale of measurement for service quality in banks. The BSQ model served as the foundation for the adopted SERVQUAL model. A 5-point Likert scale was used in a standardized questionnaire, and 136 valid answers were gathered. Based on the BSQ model, a total of 22 items were taken into consideration, and the importance of these factors to customer satisfaction was examined. The most important parameters for assessing service quality were extracted using factor analysis. According to principal factor analysis, eight (8) items were chosen to measure how well services were perceived in banks. Genetic algorithm in MATLAB was used to formulate the objective function for multiple regression analysis on the selected items. Goodness of fit of the developed service quality model was evaluated using the F-Test. To determine whether the chosen individual item for service quality were significant, the t-test was also employed. The results showed statistical significance and were perfectly suited to the advanced service quality model. Finding the most accurate variables to assess the perceived level of service quality in banks was done using a genetic algorithm. The results demonstrated that the best items for service quality in banks are “they deliver when promised”, “accuracy in account records”, “services offered align with the most recent advancements in financial services”, and “you can be certain that you will receive value for the money you paid”. The results suggest that tangibles, service portfolio, and effectiveness and assurance are the best ways to assess the quality of bank services.

In the direction of a world that has started implementing its concepts in a new way where sustainability permeates or touches on a part of our everyday lives as a crucial component to set this notion apart from others. Altaie, Mahmood, and Alhyali came up with a new model in the direction of a multi-layer diagram (but only in the positive direction) in this study, which is regarded as a development of the good idea reached in presenting a link between chemistry and the e-abacus diagram. This made us consider the possibility of extending this multi-layer diagram in the negative direction as well. These concepts were best connected and applied in matrices that had to fulfill specific requirements, which made it possible to create a straightforward, useful hotel model. We will be able to easily determine how many rooms are occupied or vacant thanks to this program.

Research output is one of the most important aspects of the productivity of universities and scientific institutions. In practice, measuring this productivity no longer depends on quantity only, but type and quality have become a key factor. In this work, the research’s productivity and impact of the University of Mosul (UoM) was analyzed by implementing a complete bibliometric study. The OpenAlex database was used to create a dataset containing information on UoM research for the period 2018–2025. The results identified the most active researchers and the disciplines with the highest publication and international collaboration rates. The main contribution of this work is to provide a clear picture to decision-makers at the UoM about the activity of researchers, including names and specializations. Additionally, this study also aims to measure the accuracy and reliability of the use of OpenAlex data as an open-source bibliographic source

The study aims to prepare thin CdO films with a thickness of 232 nm using the spin coating method. This involved depositing the cadmium acetate in 2-methoxyethanol on glass substrates. This thin layer was prepared at a rotation speed of 3500 rpm for 30 seconds, then dried at 250 °C for 10 minutes, and finally heat-treated at 350 °C for one hour. The optical properties of the prepared CdO thin films were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 190-1100 nm. The results indicated that the absorptivity was a function of wavelength and recorded an absorptivity peak in the range of 375-450 nm (short wavelength region), then gradually decreased with increasing wavelength and began to stabilize in the range of 850-950 nm. The optical constants were calculated, and the results confirmed that the behavior of the optical constants followed a pattern similar to that of the absorption behavior. The energy gap of the thin film was calculated using the Tauc equation to be 2.30 eV, and direct-type electronic transitions were observed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of the thin films. Microscopic images showed that the nanoparticles formed a semi-spherical (cauliflower-like) cluster structure with a porous surface during the preparation process, which had an average size of 38.43 nm, with an average crystallite size of 12.9 nm, and their transparency in the infrared region, making them suitable for multiple applications in materials science and optoelectronic devices such as sensors.

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Physalis angulata L collected from the Rabia region, west of Mosul, Nineveh Governorate/ Iraq. The active compounds of selected P. angulata seeds were identificated sued chromatographic techniques. The extraction of those active compounds was performed employing the Soxhlet apparatus. The results showed the identification of six phenolic compounds in the 70% alcoholic extract by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis following acid hydrolysis (Quercetin, Apigenin, Ferulic acid, P-coumaric acid, Gallic acid, and Chlorogenic acid). And the Chlorogenic acid was exhibited the highest concentration in the extract reaching 0.0904 mg\\ml. Fourteen compounds were identified in the same crude extract used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS)analysis, among which the most prominent were (17-Octadecynoic acid, 3-Hexanol, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Heptanoic acid, 2-ethyl, and Lauric aacid) Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the saponified petroleum ether extract revealed presence of six fatty acids (Oleic, Stearic, Linoleic, Palmatic, Arachidonic, Linolenic). Among these, Linoleic acid was the most abundant, constituting 19.80% of the extract. These results indicate that the seeds of P. angulata contain compounds of medical importance, which opens the door to its potential use in future therapeutic pharmaceutical applications.

Candiduria is among the most common infections in diabetic patients, and its incidence has increased markedly in recent decades. Candida spp. are frequently isolated from patients, with non-albicans species being increasingly recognized as important etiological agents. The current study aimed to diagnose Candida spp. isolated from the urine of diabetic women aged 16-72 years and evaluated their ability to produce phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase enzymes. Statistical analysis of enzymatic activity was performed (P<0.01). Midstream urine samples were collected from 178 diabetic women, including 86 type 1 and 92 type 2 diabetes. Urine samples were cultured on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and subsequently identified using conventional methods, including cultural characteristis Gram stainning germ tube formationchlamydospore production, growth at 45℃, and growth on HiCrome Candida Differential Agar M1297A. The present study showed that three different species of Candida were identified: 30 (50%) C. glabrata isolates, followed by 18 (36%) C. albicans isolates and 2 (4%) C. krusei isolates. Also, the results showed that type 1 diabetic patients are more susceptible to Candida infection. The virulence test revealed that all C. albicans isolates (100%) were positive for phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase with different production rates. In terms of C. glabrata isolates, one isolate only (3.3%) produced phospholipase, while all isolates (100%) produced hemolysin, and four isolates (13.3%) produced esterase.