Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the Roberts model of educational design in the collection of social subjects among the first grade students.
To achieve the goal of research, the researcher put the following hypothesis zero:
- There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study according to the Roberts model of the educational design in the social subjects and the average score of the students of the control group who study the same subject according to the normal method.
In order to verify the objective and hypothesis of the research, a sample of the first grade students was selected in the morning schools of the General Directorate for the Education of Rusafa. The first was chosen by the researcher Kasdia (intermediate youth for boys). Two groups were randomly selected, (40) students, and thus the sample of the research (80) students, the researcher rewarded them in variables (age calculated by months, intelligence, and the educational achievement of parents).
The educational material included three chapters (1, 2, 3) of the social studies book to be taught for the academic year (2017 - 2018).
The researcher studied for herself the students of the research groups (11) per group during the period of the experiment, which lasted (10) weeks. To measure the level of student achievement, the researcher prepared a collection test of 25 (25) multi- (Knowledge, understanding, application) and verified its validity and stability as well as conducting statistical analyzes of its paragraphs (coefficient of difficulty, discriminatory power, effectiveness of the wrong alternatives) and correct them themselves.
The researcher verified his honesty by presenting him to a group of experts and specialists in the methods of teaching, measurement and evaluation. Some of the paragraphs were modified. The researcher extracted the stability in the half-way distribution. The scale was applied after the completion of the post-test. The t-test was used for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Kay square, and the Spearman Brown equation, statistical methods for processing the data.
The results of the study showed that the students of the experimental group who study according to the Roberts model of educational design in the social subjects were superior to the students of the control group who study according to the usual method.

The purpose of the current research was to design a program based on accepted and commitment online Therapy to reduce the symptoms of career bullying, and to verify the effectiveness of this program in reducing the symptoms of bullying, and also to identify the continuity of the impact of this program through the results of sequential measurement after a month and a half to apply. The research sample consisted of (16) female faculty members, their ages ranged between (43-55 years),with an average of age (40.87) year and a standard deviation of (4.926) randomly assigned in two groups experimental and control, each group consisting of (8) persons. Researcher applied Demographic data form and the Symptoms of career bullying and Program Based on accepted and commitment online Therapy, all these tools are prepared by the researcher. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (0.01) between the average control and experimental groups in the post-career bullying symptoms scale in favor of the experimental group members. There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the experimental group averages in the pre and post- career bullying symptoms scale in favor of the post-application, in addition to there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the post and follow-up in the scale of symptoms of career bullying. The results of the research were explained in light of the theoretical framework and previous studies. The researcher also made a number of recommendations and research proposals.

The subject of economic relation ships between countries the corner stone in economic countries because it effect positive and negative on the countries economic especially countries of Arab gulf because it content a huge wealth . it share in development of export that countries especially the international trade oil . between countries counsels and neighbors countries from stuffs to the counsels countries to complete to crease in stuffs . and that who to aims this study

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This paperinvestigates the qualities of a good paragraph. It is divided into two parts,
namely: the practical part which examines the concept of a paragraph and related matters such as
types andqualities of a good paragraph;the second part examines the variables that make a
paragraph more logical and understood. The researcher follows the qualitative and quantitative
methods of research. The study is conducted on first-year students (evening and morning
sessions) at the Department of English / College of Arts/ Mustansiriyah University. The data is
based on responses collected from the students. The paper concludes that:
1. Most students could not produce paragraphs properly. They show a tendency to mix sorts of a
paragraph. This is because there is a big gap between recognizing these types of a paragraph
and producing them.
2. Students also lack the knowledge of the qualities that make a paragraph better understood. In
terms of processes of writing, most students, if not all, juxtapose ideas randomly. The result is
a lack of coherence and consistency.

Over the last two decades, translation competence has (hereafter TC) proved to be
an essential component of translation. It is a determinant tool to measure students\'
competence acquisition (henceforth AC). The \"Degree of Expertise\" for translation
students can be assessed by depending on AC. This degree affects the process and the
product of translation. So, in order to evaluate the process of translation learning in
every department of translation, a study to measure the acquired students\' competence
and the degree of expertise has to be accomplished.
This study tries to evaluate students\' TC and degree of expertise in the department
of Translation at Al-Ma\'moon University College. This study restricts itself to
measuring written TC with reference to specific text-type. Three texts (literary,
journalistic and scientific) have been given to 03 students, 03 for each grade; second,
third and fourth grade. The analysis of this study is based on the evaluation of translated
texts and a questionnaire.
The study has come up with remarkable results, namely: the Translation
Competence and the Degree of Expertise in the Translation Department at Al-Ma\'moon
University College seem less than the required though accepted

This study aims at investigating the role of using gardener`s Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT) for Promoting creative writing of Iraqi EFL Students`. To achieve the aim of the present study, the following hypothesis has been put: There are no statistically significant differences at (á≤0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught creative writing according to (MIT) and that of the control group who is taught according to the traditional way in the post test of creative writing. The sample of the study was Purposive. The sample consisted of 61 students from 3rd year class\ English department \ College of Education for Human Science \ University of Diyala during the academic year 2017-2018. The sample of the study is 30 students as the experimental group and 31 as the control group. Then, it is ensured that the two groups are equal through a statistical manipulation of a number of variables such as age, parents’ education, achievement scores in composition writing in the previous year, and achievement scores in the pretest. Pretest & posttest are designed and the validity of the tests and the lesson plan have been obtained by exposing them to jury members in the fields of EFL and linguistics. The reliability of the test has been secured by using Kuder Richardson-20 Formula (0.87). Statistical analysis of data achieved through the test indicates that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two groups and in favour of the experimental group in the post test.
The researcher has concluded that using the MIT ( Gardener`s Multiple Intelligences) is proven to be more fruitful and effective in promoting students’ creative writing and using such theory consolidate the relationships among the learners and between learners and their teachers, creates an atmosphere of intimacy. Boredom on the side of the learners can be broken in this way. The activities of this theory encourage the spirit of cooperation among learners.

This study is designed to explore the main linguistic features of the political
speeches of the current president of the United States; Donald Trump. It aims to
uncover the main cohesive devices used in his discourses that he delivered in his visits
to the Saudi Arabia and Jerusalem respectively. To this end, a sum of two speeches is
downloaded from different web sites. The data were analyzed using Halliday and
Hasan’s (7691) framework of cohesion. The analysis has showed that Trump has used
cohesive devices heavily in Jerusalem while he has used them a little in Saudia Arabia.
It is hoped that this study will contribute to cross cultural understanding, multi modality,
and critical discourse analysis

In 02th century, many modern dramatists have adapted mythical stories in order to
discuss significant issues; one of them is freedom. This research revolves around the
problem of freedom after the Second World War in Jean- Paul Sartre\'s The Flies and
Jack Richardson\'s The Prodigal, use of Orestes myth. It is divided into three sections
and a conclusion. Section one is an Introduction that illustrates the concept of freedom,
the meaning of Existentialism and Orestes myth. Section two sheds light on the way
Sartre uses the concept of freedom in his first play The Flies. Section three focuses on
the same concept in Jack Richardson\'s first play, The Prodigal. The conclusion is about
the significance of freedom that gives hope and life to man who is responsible for his
actions

Wetlands are one of the most important natural resources on Earth. Marshes are
important wintering and resting area for migratory water birds and other migratory
birds. Historical data on bird migration in the Marshes suggest that they were one of the
largest wintering areas for migratory water birds in the Middle East. The Iraqi
marshlands lies in the floodplain which is created by the Tigris-Euphrates river system
in the lower part Mesopotamia basin. The existence of water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane and ozone in the troposphere makes surface of our planet habitable. The
greenhouse gases absorb thermal radiation and also emit these wavelengths, making the
mean surface temperature of the earth higher, and contribute to global warming. Human
activities produce large amounts of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane,
ozone and others. Methane is produced by the decomposition of plants in wetlands.
Geostatistical interpolation methods are adopted in this paper. We use the analyst in
ArcGIS to apply cross-validation. The cross-validation calculate some criteria to insure
the accuracy of predictions made using the ordinary kriging method. Maps were
created for methane over Iraq. Cross validation errors were calculated using ArcGIS.
The produced maps assure that lower Mesopotamian basin have high concentration of
Methane gas which make it as a wintering and resting area for migratory water birds

The study aimed to identify the degree of inclusion of volunteer work values
in the Islamic education curriculum of the intermediate second grade in Iraq. The
study community composed of a sample of topics in the Islamic education curriculum
of the intermediate second grade in Iraq amounting to (52) out of (03). To realize the
topical of the study, the researchers used the adjectival method through the content
analysis through which the material to be analyzed is described. The study tool
consisted of (03) items in their final images. After conducting the analysis, it was
obvious that the degree of inclusion of volunteer work values in the Islamic education
curriculum of the intermediate second grade in Iraq was (3-52) the highest of which
was \"increases awareness towards the importance of solidarity among the members of
the society\" by (358.21). In the second rank was the item \"enhances the love of
contributing in good deeds\" by (328.51) and in the third rank was the item \"enhances
the learners\' self-initiatives for helping those in need\" by (308251). However in the
last rank was the item \" motivates crossing streets organization for the public safety\"
by (383331) . In light of the results, the study reached to a number of
recommendations and suggestions

Take the search to all types of the camel question in Turkish tools question and
the corresponding in English.
Use of this research is to explain the difference between both languages in terms
of use tools question formula inter question.
The purpose of this research is to clarify the difference between the two languages
in terms of the use of the tools and the sentences

This research is a survey and study of what Ibn Hibban described as \\"trust\\" in his book
Al-Thaqat, which included a large number of narrators who included this description. The
number of narrators was 81, The narrator, and then the transfer of the words of the scientists
wound and amendment in short, and then the summary statement of interview statements and
mentioned the consent of Ibn Habban to others or not, so needed to explain the concept of the
term (trust) in Ibn Hibban and other modernists, (Two followers), then a layer (followers of
the followers), and thena layer (follow the followers), it is shown in conclusion Ibn Hibban
did not set a precise definition of the term trust. The number of narrators who were described
by Ibn Hibban as saying: (trust) reached (81) Rao, ie, their percentage (%05), which is
acceptable but does not correspond to the subject of the book , And this supports the validity
of what was said of the indulgence of Ibn Hibban in the documentation, and the number of
narrators who agreed to the words of Ibn Hibban say modernists reached (9) narrators. The
number of narrators who disagreed with modernists Ibn Hibban in their documentation (6)
narrators, and the number of narrators who are alone Ibn Hibban in their documentation, and
did not mention others (3) narrators

The current paper is an attempt to shed light on and analyse one of the important
concepts of the modern linguistic researches that is productivity and its broad field in
linguistics in general and in morphology in particular. The paper relies on Chomsky’s
theory of productivity as an important theory in this field since it is crystal clear to
linguists that language is an important means of communication, which is active and
productive and plays a paramount role in creating communications and exchanging
ideas among the human beings. Undoubtedly, language has suitability and flexibility
to create communications and understandings among human beings as Chomsky
states that with a finite (limited) number of rules and structures, an infinite (unlimited)
number of sentences and utterances can be produced. From this perspective, it can be
stated that productivity and creativity are important characteristics of a language in
which they differentiate human being’s language from animals’ language and other
means of communication.
In addition, the paper works on identifying the concepts of productivity and its points
of difference with creativity. It focuses on morphological productivity, hindrances of
morphology and grades of morphological productivity. It also presents examples from
both languages, English and Kurdish.

We conclude of what has mentioned that torah is the most ancient Jewish books and on which many historians have depended on, especially in their interpretation of Quran Ayahs concerning with the creation of Universe and prophets stories- the torah is a set of books written by a number of prophets.
Torah is Hebrew word which means the gift and instruction and it means Al-Asfar the fifth , Takwein , al-Khuruj m AlLawein , Al Adad and al-Tathniyah and it is attributed to the prophet Moser ( peace upon him) ; it is part of the old testament . The Torah is considered part of the old testament and is regarded an important source by transferring tidings pre-Islam Arabs ,along with movements from one area to another , their social , economic and political relations and their effect on other tribes ( the far and the close one ) ; besides , their commercial activity reaching to far –fetching areas. Moreover , the effect of military campaigns and the role of tourists and businessmen in the Arab areas , together with their effect with the Arab areas and quoting some different Arabic sciences . Of these sciences are Mathematics, astronomy , geography and some important subjects concerning with the Law and manuscripts carrying subjects of law , including dynasty of Hammurabi

The purpose of the research is to define the concept of knowledge management, its
development and development, and to introduce the subject of the life cycle of knowledge
through the Wigg model, which includes (knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition,
knowledge organization, knowledge distribution, application of knowledge) Where they have
access to sources of paper and electronic information and to study the needs of postgraduate
students (diploma, master, doctorate) and use them. The tools used in data collection are the
interview with the library official, book registration records, (34) students in the college. The
research reached several results, including: 1. In terms of the establishment of knowledge in the
library is through the growth of the library group in the library of the Faculty of Pharmacy /
University of Baghdad and within five (9999) books in English, but the number of magazine
volumes is (109) Title, the number of papers reached (706) paper, while the number of
electronic forms of the disks amounted to (181) CDs, which grew through the purchase and
pledge. 9. The application of knowledge was based on the answer to the questionnaires asked to
the postgraduate students about the library\'s ability to provide paper and electronic sources that
meet their needs. The answer was yes (1), the answer (no) was (48). The most important
recommendations, including: 1. Identify the library role better through the bulletin board and the
website of the electronic college. 9. Focusing the library\'s attention on the modern electronic
websites related to the pharmaceutical specialties and the overlapping sciences, which play a role
in supplying and increasing the knowledge of scientific information

Controversy initial Altd seeking to understand Alodlhalhaggagah and analysis,
transfer and sort the right or weak evidence and classification of dialogues and
monitoring dialectical mechanism and stop at a critical dialogue as it is the rhetoric
mechanism of pilgrims mechanisms to dependence on grooming and influence, and
conviction image graphs and methods aesthetic and practice of intellectual persuasion
and feeling to accept a glass case on the subject of the speech as pilgrims construction
consists of concepts unique to the writer, poet and philosopher and his argument in itself
expressive communicative with the other knows the concepts according to the thesis
text product and analyze the relationships between concepts Kaalaqat contrast,
application and inclusion are transferred from the communicative to the concept of
orbital the goal of the pilgrims is persuasion reached by through Joint dialogue with the
group or the other by negotiation or investigation or deliberation, or search for
information or cash conversation and understanding of the tools used in the construction
of a focus on the context of dialogue d and my hair Ahmed Matar in the modern era
with great care of researchers and scholars due to functional dimensions and its ability
to woo readers audience hijab and the proof and persuasion and even inference

The current research aims at finding out (the effect of teaching general
psychology on the strategy of McFarland in the achievement of students of the fifth
grade literary) and to verify the goal of induction researcher put the following
hypothesis:
• There were no statistical differences at (,0,0) between the average scores of the
experimental group studying the general psychology subject with the McFarland
strategy and the average score of the control group students who study a subject
normally in the achievement test The result showed the research
• Students in the experimental group who study general psychology excel in the
McFarland strategy for students in the control group who study the same material in
the usual way in the test. In light of the results of the research, the researcher
recommended the following:
Introducing the skills of teaching psychology as the current research confirmed
the possibility of teaching skills directly within the school curriculum, and the
preparation of a guide for teachers of educational materials in general and teachers of
psychology, including a detailed explanation of strategies for teaching and skills and
how to teach students. To complement the current research, the researcher proposes the
following research:
1. Conduct a study to find out the impact of McFarland\'s strategy in teaching other
educational materials.
2 - Conduct a study to see the impact of the strategy of McFarland in other variables
such as trends and tendencies

The introduction threshold is considered one of the important thresholds tackled
by modern criticism as it is very vital in uncovering the space of the literary texts. The
introduction which was written by Dr. AbdulAziz AlMuqalih concerning the
complete works of the poet Amal Danqal is important for two reasons:
The first reason:
The introduction was very rich with the autobiographical aspect which reveals a
tight historical relation between Dr. AlMuqalih and Danqal that had a very strong
impact in showing important aspect of the poet\'s life and their reflections on his
poems.
The second reason:
The introduction involves many critical opinions in the poetic experience in
general and Amal Danqal\'s experience in particular. This enables this research to
discover qualitative aspects for the autobiographical and the critical levels in Amal
Danqal\'s poetic experience.
This way, the introduction threshold has a vital literary contribution in
uncovering the richness and fertility of the experience as it highlights two vital
aspects; the first is autobiographical and the second is artistic and aesthetical.

The research aims at answering the following questions : What degree of
possibility of students/teachers to perform the mathematical thinking? , And are
there any significant differences in degree of possibility of students/teachers to
perform the skills of mathematical thinking in accordance with the variable of sex?.
The research is limited to a number of students\\teachers in the department of
Mathematics\\College of Basic Education\\ Al-Mustansiriyah University they were of
(58)students, (34) female and (34)male students. The researcher used the
descriptive method, adopted the observation card, it consisted of (43) skills
distributed to sox fields of the mathematical thinking which are (induction,
conclusion, realizing relations, symbolism, visual spatial perception, mathematical
proof). Five skills were distributed for each field, the validity of the inner
consistency of the card . After applying the card on the sample of the study and data
were treated statisticall , The results showed the following:The possibility of the
students\\teachers to perform the skills of mathematical thinking wholly,The field of
visual spatial perception came in the first place among all other fields of the
mathematical thinking , the fields (symbolism, realizing relations, conclusion) came
after it respectively, finally the fields of induction and mathematical proof came at
the last place .There are no differences depending on the possibility of the students \\
teachers to perform the skills of the mathematical thinking skill, except the field of
visual spatial perception, there was difference for both the male students \\ teachers

The subject of comparative jurisprudence in judging the money displaced
communities in lslamic jurisprudence between the snapshot and the anonymons owner
and irregularity vallgth are no function and referring them either anony mons owner
there is asignal indirregularity is to coerce peoples money vamoal dis placed
Communities not devoid of these three provisions and jurisprndence snapshot
anony mons owner irregularity and there for affected studied doctrinal study
The following objectively anonymons owner and jurisprn dential them is
particularly important in the present day What lragis suffering from displacement and
displacement froul their londs there fore in fluencd the study of this topic to see the rule
of money and displaced persons displaced.
Vomoelum either unknown either shapshot vmoduaan are important and signi
ficant role in terme of keeping the secretariat said that man found her and the
consequent
Especially at the prssent tim we need to such as those topics to show its verdict
forensic reaching views with scholars said their evidence
Find researcher divided in to two sections , namely the snapshot and an
anonymons owner and parweithema in lslamic law
ln cluded section the first on the snapshot to the demands of five demand first
define the.
suapshot in the langnage secondrule in the snapshot of the book and year and
the third in cluded explanqtions chatter and fourth opinions of jurists in the snapshot
and legitimacy in the lslamic alharand v.ray schools of lslamic jurisprudence .
and scholars in the prohibiting the disposapshot of the snapshot, or lack there of
with said evidence .
sources and reference sites and the internet owner and then the most important
male the most important reached the researcher and then in lslamic law and
fifh.
Ray fuqaha at act of the book and year and third explonations talk and fourth
opinions scholars in unknown owner second rule anonymons owner second included on
the definition of unknown owner in the langnage of v. ray juists to act bmjhol owner .
and then the most important . mention the most important findings of the researcher and
then alist of sources and references ,and in tccret web sites .
the third section vahtory the irregnlarity in lslamic jurisprndence and included
the first two demands irregularity the laugnage and terminology and althata irregnlarity
in lslamic jurisprndence and rule .
finally , the subject of the rule of displaced people and displaced falls under the
anonymons owner and shot in compative jurists around title
this is my good was to study comparative study . the foundation launched me
thuffering of the people displacement and peace and blessings be upon our master
Muhammad and his diving good and the owners good guys almentajabin .

The goal of this study was to measure the degree of practicing educational
leadership from intermediate schools’ head teachers in Baghdad from their teachers’
point of view. The study conducted in 7102-7102. The researcher used a questionnaire
as a tool to collect the data and he distributed the survey among intermediate schools in
Baghdad. The sample contains 091 teachers. The findings of this study revealed that the
head teachers in intermediate schools are practicing the educational leadership skills in a
high degree. Also, the findings showed that most teachers tend to prefer the head
teacher who practices the democratic “co-operative”pattern inside the school among
other models of leadership

One of the Arab critics who worked in criticism at the theoretical level and the applied
level, taking the most open and modern methods of experimentation experimentation, is the
Saudi critic Dr. Abdullah Al-Ghazzami. In his most important book (Cultural Criticism) he
discussed a project of reading in Arab cultural consistency, On two levels, the first level:
critique of the criticism of texts, in the first and second chapters, and the other line, criticism of
poetic texts in the rest of the chapters of the book
It is worth mentioning that Dr. Al-Ghadhami said in his introduction to his project that cultural
criticism was born, pointing out that his idea has become a complete project and should be
preached in the cultural arena under the Arab Monetary Fund
One of the most important points addressed by al-Nizami in writing, which he expressed in
terms used in order to be the pillars of the main reliable in the composition of the cash, which is
as stated in the book:

Transitional words and phrases are very important connectors by which coherence of a text can be achieved. They are used to link ideas within a sentence, within a paragraph, or within a longer piece of writing. The text cannot be well organized unless coherence and cohesion are taken into consideration, and this is achieved through the proper use of transitions. Students who study English as a foreign language (EFL) must be taught these devices properly because they are essential in improving their writing skill as well as their language. This research is confined to investigating students' abilities in identifying and using transitions properly. The research consists of two parts: the first part presents a theoretical survey of literature and the second part is the empirical one. To accomplish the requirements of the study 40 third year students of the academic year 2017-2018 from the college of Arts, University of Baghdad are chosen to do the test. The students are given a test with two questions. In the first question, they are asked to recognize the proper transitions and in the second question the students are asked to use the transitions as connectors in a piece of writing. The students' answers are corrected according to Quirk and Grenbaum (1973) approach. The final results show that most students have real problems in dealing with transitions.

Hyperbole is a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration which is not intended to be taken literally ,it is used for emphasis or effect and it is used used in a humorous way , to make a particular point is known as hyperbole .one example my eyes widened at the sight of the mile .There are many types of hyperbole : basic hyperbole and composite hyperbole which are clarified by various examples from the society.
While advertisement may be defined as a message printed in a newspaper ,or broadcast on TV or radio , and paid for either an individual or a business to buy a product or services or accept an idea .
The present paper deals with the problem of what is the relation between hyperbole and the advertisement and how can the advertisers use hyperbolical words in advertisement and why.
The use of hyperbole in advertisement is clarified by showing different examples of advertisements that are used on T.V and radio .
The research concludes that hyperbole is a phenomenon which is found in all languages and every day there is a new advertisement according to the things and objects that are invented or used as well as the advertisers use hyperbole to access the people's sense to create rich and beautiful images and pictures and may cause considerable changes in human minds and greatly increase the attractiveness of a specific product. As well as hyperbole is important and managed to add some emotional coloring to the advertisement .