journal of kufa studies center

Purpose/ This research aims to identify the concept of dark leadership, its importance, dimensions, elements, and its relationship to marginalization in the workplace
Design/Methodology: The problem of the study was identified by a number of questions, the most important of which were (Is there an effect of dark leadership and the relationship between marginalization in the workplace?) and how important it is to them. What is the nature and level of interest in the study sample, specifically in the studied hospitals?
Study population and sample: The study population represented (private hospitals) in (Najaf Governorate) which numbered (137 nurses), as the number of distributed questionnaires reached (137) questionnaires. After sorting and verifying the data, the number of questionnaires valid for analysis reached (102) out of a total of (112) questionnaires that were retrieved. The present study sought to select a number of main and sub-hypotheses related to the correlation and effect relationships between the study variables. In order to answer the questions related to the problem of the study and to reach the set goals and to process the data, many statistical methods (normal distribution, arithmetic mean, factor and confirmation analysis, and structural equation modeling) were used using the statistical program (SPSS 26) and the Amose v.24 program.
Practical Results: The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which was that dark leadership behaviors are related to the variable of marginalization in the workplace

In addition, the follow-up of womens issues and their social and cultural protection stems from the urgent need for their protection from all forms of abuse, abuse and manifestations of abuse committed against them, in addition to the fact that all societies measure their progress by measuring the extent of womens protection in social aspects International treaties play a key role in ensuring equality between men and women in social rights and recognizing that gender discrimination is a violation of womens rights.

Art plays a vital role in shaping and defining the contours of society through sculptural works, and individuals can express their thoughts, themselves, and feelings in a way that reflects the culture, history, and challenges of their society.
The first chapter contained the research problem with the following question: What is cultural criticism? and how was it represented in the works of the pioneering Iraqi sculptors?, as well as formulating the research objective, which is (to identify cultural criticism and its reflection in the works of the pioneering Iraqi sculptors), while the research limits of the current study were temporal (1959-1981), and the chapter ended with the identification and definition of the most important terms.
While the second chapter (theoretical frameworks and previous studies) included two topics, where the first topic dealt with the concept of reading in the concept of culture, while the second topic fell under the title of cultural criticism and the chapter ended with the formulation of the most important indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework, while the third chapter (research procedures) the two researchers identified the research community of sculptural works, amounting to (20) works of the most important pioneering sculptors and selecting (3) works as a sample for study and in an intentional way with the help of experts, and the researchers relied on (the descriptive-analytical method) through relying on Indicators of the Theoretical Framework in the Analysis of Sculptural Works.
The two researchers reached a number of research results within the fourth chapter, the most important of which were:
1- The works of pioneer sculptors embodied the dominance of local identity and thus reflected a kind of nourishment for society.
2- The works of pioneer sculptors included the idea of cultural rooting, and this is greatly evident in the work of Jawad Salim (Freedom Monument).
Conclusions :
1- Cultural criticism showed a clear interest in reformulating attitudes, ideas and events according to the specificities of the cultural system, its impact and the effectiveness of its presence in contemporary art, which was shown by the products of Iraqi sculptors.
2. The nature of the implicit patterns and their cultural effectiveness are coupled with the intellectual and ideological reflections that stimulate the visual context, as well as the shifts that the sculptors works have shown from the unfamiliar and the innovative.

This research focuses on the method of news and creation from the science of semantics in explaining the state of the people of Paradise and the companions of Hell in the Holy Quran, and how important this method is in explaining their forms, which they are on the Day of Resurrection and after this great day. The good in this world, and once he describes to us the horror of the torment of the people of Hell and the methods of torture they receive, as a reward for what their hands have done and what the Emirate has done badly for themselves.

This research focuses on (the spatial suitability of wind investment in power generation in Al-Qadisiyyah Governorate) from a geographical perspective. This study aims to determine the possibility of investing wind speed to convert its kinetic energy into electrical energy in Al-Qadisiyyah Governorate and calculate the amount of energy that can be produced, and then determine the appropriate locations for the establishment of wind-electric energy systems. The study came from four topics, the first of which included the theoretical evidence, and the second topic analyzed the characteristics of wind speed. The third topic included the potential of wind in generating and calculating energy through three equations, three heights and four stations. The fourth topic dealt with the spatial suitability and determining the most suitable sites for wind energy harvesting through several criteria to determine the appropriate location for the establishment of wind energy projects in the study area. The research reached a temporal and spatial variation (horizontal and vertical) for the study area in the rates of wind speed and energy, as the governorate was divided into three regions for wind energy, and it has energy-appropriate winds at high altitudes, especially high altitudes (50 m).

Allah Almighty created man and distinguished him from all other beings by providing him with the intellect and creating in him the preparations and capabilities, and He made the universe subservient to him and enabled him to benefit from everything that surrounds him in a way that is consistent with the natural Sunnah in order to meet his requirements and needs in what is dictated by nature and the world of Genesis according to causes and causes that end in the perfect cause that is planned for the world of Genesis with all its molecules and is aware of the facts and minutes in the world of the King. The world is outside, and that Allah is the Creator of these ills and causes and that they end up with Him, but this does not mean that man is deprived of the will and choice, as he moves to find the work of his will and choice, and this means that man exists as a chosen disciple and has a state of moderation between the will and the cause .

The great and major powers contribute differently to the formation of international political interactions, and thus their influence on the international system, and the degree of influence is determined by several factors, foremost of which is the economic factor, as well as other elements of power, and China is one of the major powers influencing the international system.
Especially in the economic aspect, which occupies the second place at the global level after the United States of America, and some studies indicate that China will rank first in the next two decades as the largest economy, surpassing the United States of America. In addition to Chinas resources of power and influence, the importance of the subject is partly to study the opportunities available to China to improve its international standing, and the repercussions it can have on the nature of international relations.

In the past period of 2014, Iraq witnessed difficult security challenges due to the presence of terrorist organizations (ISIS) in a number of areas, which led to the threat to national security, which is one of the most important vital goals of the state because it is the basis of the state's continuity and permanence. The fatwa of Jihad al-Kifai and its dimensions had a great impact on maintaining security and stability It is not only a fatwa with a security and military dimension, but it is also a fatwa with political and social dimensions that united Iraq as a land and people.

The study aims to explain the role of the strategic lens on the outstanding performance at the level of a sample of employees in the Accounting Department at the Ministry of Finance, and in order to achieve this, the strategic lens variable was measured in four sub-dimensions: (stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, knowledge development, and culture management). The outstanding performance variable was measured in four dimensions: employee excellence, employee perceptions, understanding customers and the market, analysis, measurement and improvement.
The study started with a main problem among several questions revolving about the nature of the relationship between its variables in the field, the most important of which was: (Does the research organization employ strategic lens indicators in enhancing outstanding performance in the work environment? The study population included the Accounting Department at the Ministry of Finance Office in Baghdad Governorate, and a random sample was selected represented by the employees working in the Accounting Department, as the study sample reached (190) individuals.
The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information related to the study, and for the purpose of analyzing and processing the data statistically, the study relied on a number of statistical programs, and the study reached a set of conclusions represented by the existence of a correlation and impact with statistical significance between the strategic lens and the outstanding performance, and the study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to invest the positive role of the strategic lens in enhancing the outstanding performance through the development of permanent plans by the Accounting Department at the Ministry of Finance with the participation of the Stakeholders, mobilizing all available resources, supporting knowledge development programs, managing the supportive culture, and deepening the job awareness of the sample to benefit from them in enhancing job performance based on creativity, innovation, and excellence.

The research seeks to test the relationship between blockchain with its dimensions represented by (blocks, transaction data, timestamp, and hash value of the previous block), and strategic quality management with its dimensions represented in (participatory management, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, incentives and rewards), and the research aims to shed light on the role of blockchain technology in enhancing the strategic quality management of individuals working in Imam Sadiq Hospital (the research organization) and addressing real and actual problems that require finding Specific solutions, and the awareness of the management of the researched organization in particular, and other organizations in general, to the need to pay attention to and implement blockchain technology to enhance strategic quality management, and (150) questionnaires were distributed to an intentional random sample of individuals working on the computer, and (148) were retrieved, and the research results were analyzed and extracted by the statistical program (SPSS V.26), and the research confirmed that there is a correlation between the research variables amounting to (0.609) to (sig = 0.000). Also, there is a significant effect relationship between the variables with the force of effect (t = 9.283) and the value of (P-Value = 0.000). The researcher recommended the need for the research organization to adopt blockchain technology, while activating its role in enhancing strategic quality management in terms of providing appropriate services and facilitating their provision to the customer.

The research aims to highlight the role of urban governance in achieving the principles of sustainable development by relying on strategies and mechanisms to address urban problems under good governance, as governance is one of the important topics adopted by developed countries to reach solutions and innovations that help in the progress of cities and face the risks resulting from the increase in population density and the exacerbation of the economic crisis, thus affecting the population directly or indirectly. This is reflected in the social and environmental aspects, as the research relied on the descriptive-analytical approach to study the state of transportation within the residential complex because transportation is considered the means that have a direct impact on the purity of the atmospheric air, as the planning of sustainable residential neighborhoods requires the provision of alternatives to transportation that pollutes the environment, for example, relying on walking, cycling and electric bicycles, and relying on public transportation and smart transportation, and thus the residential complex will be studied according to sustainable transportation indicators.

The process of foreign policy-making in Iraq and the role of formal and informal institutions need to analyze the factors and challenges that affect foreign policy-making in Iraq, and highlight the internal and external influences that affect this process. Highlighting the role of the Prime Minister in defining foreign policy in cooperation with the Council of Ministers and under parliamentary supervision, as well as the extent of the impact of the democratic process and informal institutions on the development of foreign policy in Iraq, and the role of political institutions in this context; Emphasizing the importance of in-depth analysis and evaluation of the international situation and the interaction between internal and external factors in foreign policy-making in Iraq, that foreign policy is the translation of the policy of countries to achieve their national goals and orientations in the external environment and other actors in the international arena and the means and methods followed by countries to achieve those goals, and the internal and external considerations and factors that affect decision-making and decision-making of Iraqi foreign policy, the impact of the ideal theory on Iraqi foreign policy was limited due to reality Although there are positive aspects in the ideal theory, and the perspective of the realistic theory may be called upon it, due to Iraqs huge natural wealth, and therefore national, security and economic interests will be decisive factors in the formulation of its foreign policy.

Repetition is one of the manifestations of the lexical consistency of the text, as it performs a number of functions that achieve the coherence and coherence of the text, and the research studies the authors employment of the mechanism of repetition in the theatrical dialogue of the text of Al-Hussein is a revolutionary and its impact on achieving the coherence of the text and conveying its purposes to the recipient, and the research is based on dividing the repetition contained in the play according to the science of the language of the text, into pure (complete) repetition and partial repetition. Repetition at the structural level, which includes: sentence repetition, semi-sentence repetition, parallel repetition, and repetition at the semantic level, and includes: tandem and semi-tandem, universal noun, and general words. The theatrical dialogue, which is studied by the research, is divided into two types: the first is the external dialogue, which in turn is divided into direct and indirect dialogue, and the second is the internal dialogue, which takes place between the character and herself, or between individuals or groups representing the other side of the dialogue. In addition to studying the effect of repetition on the events and characters (main and secondary) of the play.

The research tries to uncover the connotations of the structures of the masses in the war speeches in the approach of rhetoric and war discourse and focus on them because of their frequent use as an important component of the military discourse system, as they are addressed to his people to urge them to jihad and unity among Muslims from the call and warning, and to know the connotations of these buildings and highlight the hidden meanings contained in these speeches, and to what extent they affect the overall meaning of the text, in order to reach the objectives desired by the master of the rhetoric and the speakers Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him); To call them to fight and reject humiliation and humiliation.

Many researchers have adopted the idea of the possibility of a pedagogy of philosophy, while others have criticized the existence of a pedagogy for it and torpedoed the idea of those who perform it, once we enter these two terms together, we collide with conflicting and sometimes even radical opinions, and this explains to us that the philosophical lesson remains in a closed circle, producing nothing new compared to what has been done and researchers are still delving into it, as the inability of many philosophers, researchers in philosophy and academics in particular to come out or Even experimenting with pedagogical and didactic methods of philosophical lessons, to know how successful or not this step is, is what also explains the current reality of philosophy, so the idea of having a pedagogy for philosophy, will contribute in the researchers eyes to the rehabilitation and development of the philosophical lesson significantly, and lead to successful results at the near and long level for the academic lesson and for the students of academic philosophy.

A different philosophical vision to distinguish between the theoretical mind and the scientific mind, which is related to the nature of the general purpose of each, and we will find later that the principles and standards to which the theoretical mind is subject, although some of them are common between the theoretical mind and the practical mind, but there is a lot between them that has no application in the field of our employment of the practical mind, and the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method and deduced this from the research and information put forward by the thinker Adel Zahir, and the research paper was divided into three axes. The first dealt with ethics according to Adel Zahir, the second in which we reviewed the critique of ethical thought according to Zahir, and finally we touched on moral determinism and reaching the most important fruits of our current research, which included several results.

Childrens drawings at an early age are one of the most important activities that have the possibility of revealing repressed behaviors and feelings, so the current study came with the following question: What are the characteristics of childrens drawings between public and special education? The first chapter ended with the limits of the study and the definition of the title terms, while the second chapter included the theoretical framework tagged: The third chapter included the determination of the descriptive approach in the relational method based on the experimental procedures, and the analytical method through the analysis of the various molecules related to the subject of the study, as well as the comparative method to show the characteristics of childrens drawings through their comparison between general education and special education, to end the study with a set of results, the most important of which are:
• Special education students prefer to draw one person more than normal students in general education.
• The drawings of special education children showed a tendency to exaggerate our loved ones by diminishing the human body, as well as exaggerating the distortion .
The most important conclusions :
• The students of general education are more psychologically balanced, strong, and have a logical orientation towards the pursuit of goals.
• External pressures or stereotypical behaviors toward the pupil associated with low self-esteem increase positive fantasies.
The study ended with a number of recommendations, suggestions and sources .

The current research is concerned with the study of (Aesthetic Dimensions in the Artistic Production of the Students of the Department of Art Education in the Subject of the Fine Project – Selected Models), investigating the search for the aesthetic dimensions of the products presented by the students of the Department of Art Education in the fourth stage according to the vocabulary of the plastic project course and the aesthetics it carries.
The research included four chapters, the first chapter was concerned with the methodological framework of the research, represented by the research problem that was identified by (what are the aesthetic dimensions in the artistic output of the students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of the plastic project), and the first chapter contained the objective of the research (the aesthetic dimensions in the artistic output of the students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of the plastic project), as well as the temporal and spatial boundaries that were determined by the academic year (2023-2024) at the University of Kufa Faculty of Education – Department of Art Education in Najaf, and the semester ended with the identification of terms that are related to the topic of the research.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, which was divided into two topics, the first about me with (aesthetic dimensions) and the second on me with (the artistic output of plastic projects) and the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework and previous studies.
The third chapter was represented by the research procedures that included the research community and the research sample, which amounted to (3) technical products for the students of the Department of Art Education Stage IV, then the research tool and research methodology, and finally the analysis of the research sample.
The fourth chapter included the results of the research, its conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, and among the results of the research were:
• The artistic relationships between the elements in the artwork are what he shows in his creative image, and it determines the extent of the impact of the artwork on the recipient.
Among the conclusions reached by the researcher:
• Social culture plays a major role in influencing students artistic output, which is evident through the artistic topics addressed by students.

Soft power was considered one of the important sources of influence at the beginning of the current century, because the state cannot focus on the use of hard or coarse force in carrying out its tasks and reaching its goals, as long as there is a spread of power, and the cost of resorting to hard work is high.
The research deals with the problem: Why do countries resort to the use of soft power in the implementation of foreign policy?
The importance of the research is that it focuses on the United States, and how it focuses on the use of smart power, and one dimension of that power, is: soft power. The purpose of this research is to focus on: the tools and methods of soft power in achieving the goals of American foreign policy, in addition to studying: the results of employing soft power in American foreign policy.

The international system is witnessing a moment of qualitative transformation as China's power grows, as China has moved from a rhetoric of peaceful revival to a redefinition of itself as a central actor with the will to influence world trends. This shift has been clearly reflected in China's foreign policy, which has adopted a new conceptual framework of active protection, a concept based on the use of both economic and military power to protect national interests beyond borders and ensure the security of strategic initiatives, foremost of which is the Belt and Road. This approach is based on a Chinese vision to reshape the rules of international interaction by expanding naval influence, strengthening military capabilities, and growing involvement in global governance institutions. This rise has provoked mixed international responses, manifested in policies of containment and counter-security alliances, reflecting the entry of a new phase of multipolarity in the international system. The study concludes that the transformation of Chinese power is no longer just an internal development, but has become a structural element that reshapes China's position and role in the contemporary international system.