Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The nonlinear pushover analysis was used to evaluate an existing 8-storey reinforced concrete framed hospital building under seismic force and presented in this manuscript. The ‘Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital' is one of the important hospitals at Delhi-India, it was selected for this research. The three-dimensional frame model was used to model the building with a fixed base. The beams and columns were modeled by using three-dimension line frame elements with the centre lines joined at nodes. Diagonal strut elements were used to model the brick masonry infills. The slabs were considered as rigid diaphragms. The plastic hinge rotation capacities as per Federal Emergency Management Agency 356 (FEMA 356) with Performance Levels were adopted in this study, considering the axial force-moment and shear force-moment interactions. The nonlinear pushover analysis of the selected building was done with infills and it was observed that the infills (due to their small number in the considered building) do not make any appreciable effect on the performance level, except their failure at an early stage. The Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) and Displacement Coefficient Method (DCM) were used to estimate the performance point of the building. The values of various coefficients as per Federal Emergency Management Agency 440 (FEMA 440) were adopted. The DCM was observed to give slightly higher target displacements, as compared to CSM. It was observed in the nonlinear pushover analysis that the unreinforced masonry (URM) infills collapse before the performance point of the building for the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). As the intervention inside the functioning hospital is extremely difficult, it was explored whether it is possible to safeguard the infills by stiffening the building by providing external buttresses. Two cases of retrofitting schemes with 1.2m wide and 3m wide buttresses in transverse direction were used and analysed. It was found that this is not a practicable approach, as the infills collapse even with 3m wide buttresses.

The main objective of this research is to study the effect of carbon fibers used to strengthen the joints of the box segmental beams. For this research, four beams were produced and tested. One of these beams, monolithically, was cast as a reference beam and the three others were segmental beams. All beams were produced with Self-Compact Concrete (SCC) and box cross section. Each segmental beam consisted of three precast concrete segments were connected by post tensioning tendons. The three segmental beams have same characteristics, but different in joint types between the segments. The types of joints used were (dried, epoxied and dried strengthen by CFRP sheets). All beams were tested under static two point loads up to failure. For each test, deflections at mid-span location were recorded for each (5kN). Also, first cracking, mode of failure and ultimate loads values were recorded as well as the concrete surface strains at the specified locations for both loadings.

A new MIMO slot antenna is proposed in this paper, the proposed antenna consists of tuning stub with certain dimensions in the top layer of the FR-4 dielectric substrate to increase the matching between the feed line and slot in the ground plane, this antenna feeds with 50-ohm characteristic impedance microstrip feed line. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are (50×50×1.6) mm2, the FR-4 epoxy substrate has a relative dielectric constant of ɛr=4.3, the tangent loss of tan (δ) =0.025. A bandwidth of 9.083 GHz (25.917–35) GHz and gain (6.33) dBi compatible with 5G applications are achieved with this antenna. To get the desired gain and bandwidth, several slots are etched on the ground, Using CST tools, the simulation results are collected. And the proposed antenna is manufactured in the Ministry of Science and Technology's- Electronic Manufacturing Center, a reasonable agreement is reached between simulation and measured performance.

Based on Orthogonal Chaotic Vector Shift Keying (OCVSK) system and Multilevel Code-Shifted Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MCS-DCSK) system, a new Multilevel Code-Shifted Differential Chaos Shift Keying (OMCS-DCSK) modulation system is proposed and designed in this paper. New orthogonal chaotic signal sets are generated using Gram-Schmidt algorithm and Walsh code function then these signals are used for bearing information bits to achieve higher data rate and better bandwidth efficiency compared with the conventional DCSK communication system. The bit error rate (BER) analysis of the OMCS-DCSK system over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channel is derived and compared with the simulation results. Also, the spectral and complexity analysis of the system are presented and compared with the conventional DCSK systems. The results show that the proposed system outperforms OCVSK and MCS-DCSK in BER performance and spectral efficiency

The corrosion phenomenon is considered the main problems for air preheater in thermal power plant. The boiler flue gas contamination leads to decrease the air preheater performance and increases the maintenance cost, which causes the degradation of the cold end heating elements and thus leads to decrease the heat recovery rate. In this study, an experimental investigation was done for the transient thermal behavior and the pressure drop of the standard regenerative air preheater (Pmatrix) model, evaluating the performance factor, then modifying the air preheater (P+CG) model by changing the plates at the cold end last basket to the coarse gravel media. Since the gravel media have low thermal conductivity and predicted to give a high pressure drop, a new technique was done for the modified air preheater to compensate the low heat transfer rates and reduce the pressure drop in the gravel media by inserting bypass tubes at ratios (i and s), Which, the (i) model represents the inner aperture of tubes for the hot baskets facing to the inner aperture of tubes for the cold basket. While (s) model the insertion the tubes of the hot baskets as a staggered distribution with the tubes for the cold basket. The experimental investigation was carried out for the Reynolds number based on the test duct hydraulic diameter at a range of 24500.

In this paper, the optimal control is analyzed to compare the results of the zero moment point of a bipedal walking robot. Seventeen degrees of freedom bipedal walking robot is manufactured of hard Aluminum sheets. The zero moment point is calculated experimentally and theoretically in the single support phase. MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate the results. The experimental results showed that the lower link takes the settling time is (1) sec, the middle link takes settling time (0.9) sec and the upper link takes (1.1) sec to arrive the desired zero moment point for the bipedal walking robot. The minimum performance index in the experimental parts occurs when the optimal feedback control gain is [35.5 30.4 5 -4]. Hence, the minimum performance index in the theoretical part is [35 31 5.2 -4]. The dimensions of the foot area are (12.3cm×6.3cm), 2.3cm thickness, and 32g weight. Also, the approximate balance area in the double support phase equals the area between the feet of the robot.

Compressive sensing (CS) technique is used to solve the problem of high sampling rate with wide band signal spectrum sensing where high speed analogue to digital converter is needed to do that. This leads to difficult hardware implementation, large time of sensing and detection with high consumptions power. The proposed approach combines energy-based detection, with CS compressive sensing and investigates the probability of detection, and the probability of false alarm as a function of the SNR, showing the effect of compression to spectrum sensing performance of cognitive radio system. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used as a sparse representation basis of the received signal, and random matrix as a compressive matrix.

A vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSFCW) and a free surface flow constructed wetland (FSFCW) were set for the objective of comparison the performance of two systems in order to make a decision of the better one for future installation of wastewater treatment system and power generation. Both of the constructed wetlands were planted with Cyperus Alternifolius. During the observation period (19 days or 456 hours), environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, total chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Pb, Cu, and Cd removal efficiencies of the systems were determined. According to the results, final removal efficiencies for the VSSF and FWSF, respectively, were: COD (94.3% and 94.3%), PO4 (84.3% and 75.3%), NO3 (100% and 100%), TSS (96.8% and 85.6%), Pb (65.8% and 81.4%), Cu (more than 94.7% and 89.4%), Cd (85.7% and 88%). The treatment performances of the VSSF were better than that of the FWSF with regard to the removal of suspended solids and nutrients. In FWSF systems, electricity generation performed better than VSSF of 31.4 mV especially with batch system during one wastewater feed is loaded among all of the nineteen days with maximum voltage of 33.7 mV and decreased gradually as oxygen depletion in cathode chamber and less metabolism processes have occurred.

Due to the great importance of reliable indicators in electrical operating systems in all its different parts, it has been considered the most important factors in the design and maintenance of the electrical system, especially during its operation. The main reason for attention to reliability indicators relates to interruptions in the power system that are provided to consumers. The introduction of reliable indicators to solving an economic load dispatch (ELD) issue increases the possibility of providing customers with a required load with the highest degree of reliability. The ELD issue has been solved with reliability indicators. This means that the ELD problem with reliability is combined into one problem called combined the economic load dispatch with reliability (CELDR). Solving the above problem lowers the fuel cost while increasing the reliability of the generators while preparing the required load. The exchange market algorithm (EMA), in this work, has been implemented in a system of 26 generating units to solve the CELDR issue. Considering system reliability, inequality, and equality constraints. The results obtained show the direct effect of using reliability indicators in solving the above problem, where the best results were obtained using the EMA algorithm to solve the mentioned problem, compared to other algorithms.

The heat transfer coefficient of steam condensation has a significant role in the performance of air-cooled heat exchangers. The purpose of this work is to predict the local/average local steam condensation heat transfer coefficient inside the horizontal flattened tube under vacuum conditions using numerous correlations that were developed by some researches which have been conducted under specified conditions. The results from these correlations have been compared with experimental data of Davies, therefore more investigate for the values are necessary to improve or/and validate the existing correlations. The effect of such parameters like the uniform heat flux and saturation temperature also have been studied on the local steam condensation heat transfer coefficient as the results show that the heat transfer coefficient decrease as the heat flux increase, while it increases as the steam saturated temperature increase.

Continuous progressive wheel resulted in scattered plans of the major objective to climb the ladder of success within a very short period of time. Within past years, Electronic Health Records (EHR) have been realized due to the growing number of hospitals worldwide. EHR systems can be in different forms, that refer to a wide range of electronic information systems used in healthcare. Medical institutions that might use EHRs are hospitals, pharmacies, general surgery practices, and other health care professionals. Clinical or medical coding is an important process to transform medical documents such as laboratory or radiologic results beside physician notes into universal alphanumeric codes that represents the medical diagnosis, procedure, service, or equipment. As archiving process is an important part of the clinical lab, besides searching for related information or previous tests’ results are boring work and in order to make this process easier, faster and accurate, this paper proposed the design and implementation of a web-based clinical laboratory management system, in which only authorized systems’ users such as lab assistant or physician can access patients’ records in order to ensure that the whole process is secure, accurate and reliable. This system is developed using MySQL for database design and PHP, html, CSS and JavaScript for user interfaces.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of adding eggshell and calcium carbonate powder reinforced with glass fibers and epoxy resin. Hand Lay-up method was utilized for the preparation of samples from epoxy resin as a matrix material with (6%weight fraction chopped glass fiber) and (2%,4%, 6% & 8% weight fraction eggshell, CaCO3 powder) as filler material. The tensile and impact properties are tested for the specimens containing calcium carbonate and eggshell powder reinforced with glass fiber and epoxy resins, also the result analyzed by (SPSS) to determine the specimens have best mechanical properties. The mean particle size analyzer of the eggshell powder and calcium carbonate powder were (12.6µm, 0.4-1µm) respectively. The results showed that the mean values of tensile test, modulus of elasticity, impact strength and fracture toughness (247.50,222.00MPa) (8.450,7.500 GPa) (8.150, 7. 500K.J/m2) (9.1675, 7.8345 MPa.m1/2) respectively increased with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2, eggshell), while the mean values of the elongation percentage at break (%) decrease with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2). The SPSS statistical shown the values was significantly increased whenever the value (Sig < 0.05).