journal of Basic Sciences

Abstract :
The rate of resistance to the penetration of the stress fungus was studied for several samples in which welding is on different dimensions from a welded sample at a distance of 5 mm to a welded sample at a distance of 25 mm, with a difference of 5 mm for each sample. The highest resistance to the penetration rate of the fungus was observed in the sample in which the weld is at a distance of 25 mm, while the resistance decreases near the thermally affected areas in the welded samples at a distance of 5 mm and 10 mm. It was also observed that the compressive residual stresses hinder the penetration of the fungus into the samples containing small-scale welding defects, and this effect is absent in the presence of large-scale welding defects

Abstract
The current study aimed to know the degree of availability of cultural identity standards for the United Arab Emirates in the content of Arabic language books in the second cycle. He wrote the Arabic language in the second cycle, which numbered (27) lessons. The researchers used frequencies, percentages, and the chi-square test in statistical processing.
The study found a set of results, including that the total number of occurrences of the cultural identity criteria of the United Arab Emirates in the Arabic language books in the second episode reached (712) iterations. (30.50%), then the criterion of correlation with a common history ranked second, followed by the criterion of commitment to language in the third rank, while the criterion of adherence to religion came in the fourth and final rank.
The study also found that there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of the availability of cultural identity criteria in the content of Arabic language books in the second cycle with different grades, and the presence of a statistically significant difference in the criterion of pride in values and folklore, in favor of the sixth grade, which received the highest frequency, reaching (78) iterations. By (36.44%), and in light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations.

Abstract
Most Iraqi Cities have faced the problem of a random urban expansion , especially big cities . This problem appeared for many causes that led to many passive affects which inflected directly on cities this effect architectural environment generally.
Mosul city suffers from this problem where the appearance of these areas led to weakness of the economic base in it and in its functional territory .
This also led to decreasing the introduced services to the population like paved ways , the services of pure water , electricity and sewages . This affects the obstruction of urban development in the city in general.

Abstract:
The current research aims to:
1- Building a measure of anarchic behavior for middle school students.
2 - Building a mentoring program to reduce anarchic behavior in light of counseling sessions.
3- Identify the effect of a counseling program in reducing the anarchic behavior of middle school students.
The current research is determined by middle school students in schools covered by educational guidance within the third education directorate of Karkh in Baghdad governorate for the academic year 2018-2019. The statistical analysis sample swallowed (160) students, while the basic research sample amounted to (24) students who were distributed into two control and experimental groups. In light of the research hypotheses, the results showed that there was difference after the implementation of the counseling program in removing the anarchic behavior scale, and its overall score. It was also found that there are no significant control group in the pre and post application on the remoteness of the anarchic behavior scale, and its overall score.

Abstract
Postcolonial studies, as part of cultural criticism, are concerned with the impact of colonial domination on the culture of colonial nations after the end of the colonial period and participate in the effects and actions of colonialism on societies and their culture. This study seeks to study the novel "Memory of the Body" by Ahlam Mosteghanemi, the courageous writer, on the basis of post-colonial elements, benefiting from the descriptive-analytical method. The results tell us that Mosteghanemi in her novel seeks to discover the efforts of neo-colonialism to destroy the identity of the countries of the East and their political, cultural, social and economic independence, using direct and indirect interpretations (symbols). In fact, Mosteghanemi's point of view in this novel is summarized in discovering the contradictions resulting from the confrontation of two contradictory cultures as a result of cultural anxiety after the colonial era and the revolution of colonial boredom. The novel also presents a return to tradition and self-discovery of identity and knowledge as a key strategy for dealing with the devastating effects of colonialism on the culture of colonized nations.

Optical distortion analysis in the city of Kufa
(Study area / the street that connects the tunnel of Muslim and the bridge street)

:
The study aimed to know the visual distortion in the city of Najaf (Najaf -Kufa Street) and the extent of the impact of these manifestations on the general scene in the city. The general network is addressing recommendations for officials in the municipality of Kufa, related, and in order to obtain results, a comparison with different groups of the graph of engineers. The researcher has reached what are the most important aesthetic elements that must be available in the area, such as fountains, realistic lighting, resting areas and others. The most contributing elements to the visual distortion are the places for displaying goods, umbrellas and kiosks as well as the stalls of goods, traffic congestion and the narrowness of the street which are among the biggest problems and difficulties facing the area, and there is a very big role that falls on the shoulders of the Kufa municipality in finding parking lots, Putting directional signs, street lighting, removing booths and stalls, and placing waste containers.

Abstract:
Sayyid Quyib deals with Quranic studies , especially topics that represent scenes of the Resurrection in the Holy Quran. which is what I tried to research to stand with him in revealing the significance of their linguistic levels phonetically, structurally and , at the sound level , The research studied the musical timbre of the words and the significance they perform in the Quranic text, as well as a statement of what the formula performs from the phonetic connotation in the Noble Quran .
At the level of composition ,he studied the significance it leads in the Quranic text, and the significance of omission and others Sayyed Qutb had a clear effort in the metaphor, as he explained its types and its patterns in the Holy Quran and its multiple connotation and the active role . It plays in the Holy Quran

اAbstract
The prominent feature in Islamic history was the emergence of many revolutions. Opinions differed about their motives and goals. This difference led to the emergence of several events and points of view, and one of these events was the emergence and fall of the Qarmatians.
After the Turks took control of the affairs of the state in Iraq and the weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate and their lack of interest in the affairs of its subjects, this led to a high rate of unemployment and an increase in the number of the poor. Which promised them to distribute lands among the population. The owners of linguistic dictionaries did not agree on a specific interpretation of the origin of the name Qarmatians, so there were many interpretations, including what we find in Al-Farahidi (Qarmata is the accuracy of writing and Qarmata is a way of walking). The secrecy of the opposition movements makes it difficult for researchers to reach the ages of their true inception, and despite the differences of historians about the date of their appearance, most of them take the narration of al-Tabari, in which he mentions their appearance for the first time in Kufa in the year 278 AH. For equality between people, there were many conflicts during which they first appeared in Iraq to extend after that in the Levant, Al-Ahsa and Yemen. The Qarmatians lived in the year 378 AH, as the Qarmatians had diminished their influence since about 360 AH. Historical sources mention that they committed taboos, desecrated sanctities, spread perverted values and morals, and killed a group of Alawites.

Abstract:
Sufism is a significant socio-populist fashion, which had a social, religious, political, and ideological impact in pre-Mongol late Abbasid public sphere of Iraq. Pre-Mongol Sufism was seen as an equivalence in the Abbasid efforts to counter the-then sectarianism-driven divide and to subjugate anarchism in favor of stability and balance. This area was researched as there is scarcity in studies and historiographies concerned with pre-Mongol Sufis movements. The topic, additionally, explores the contemporary public sphere in Abbasid Iraq.
The paper falls into three key subthemes; an introductory note, political-level Sufism in pre-Mongol Abbasid caliphate, and socioreligious-level Sufism in pre-Mongol Baghdad.

Abstract
Take care Qur’an paid great attention to the human being, as it is the first intended purpose of the revelation of heaven, which was integrated in the final message sent by the Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace). The humanity in him is his ability to comprehend his message in this life, and to carry out it in a manner that is acceptable to God Almighty, and to carry the trust assignment that God Almighty offered him and before he carried it.

Many researchers have become increasingly interested in the Politicized Collective Identity (PCI). Several literature studies indicated that such identity supports political protests in order to promote the ingroup interests. Moreover, PCI proponents think that ingroup members are ethical, honest, and impartial. In the light of this introduction, the current research aims at;
1.Identifying the three dimension level of PCI among protesters in Iraq.
2.Comparing PCI according to education variable (Diploma, Bachelor).
To realize the aims set, the researcher designed a PCI Scale. After the validity of psychometric properties has been verified, the scale was applied on the sampled 618 subject group of protesters. The data then was gathered, sorted, and statistically computed. The research concluded;
1.Protesters in Iraq have PCI
2.No statistically significant differences were found between the diploma holders and Bachelor holders in the awareness of common injustices, hostility, and compensation.
The research, additionally, developed several recommendations, suggestions, and further areas of research.

The study aims to determine the spatial distribution pattern of health centers in Najaf Governorate, and analyze their efficiency in facing the risks of the Corona epidemic, in addition to knowing the extent to which their spatial distribution achieves planning standards related to ease of access and other goals. The study was based on the descriptive approach and spatial analysis methods in GIS. As the neighborhood link coefficient, the standard mean center and other methods, the results showed that the spatial distribution of health centers in Najaf governorate did not follow the planning standards for ease of access, and the results also showed that Najaf governorate suffers from a shortage and poor distribution of health centers at the level of urban agglomerations. As it turned out that the spatial distribution pattern is a random, scattered pattern, which led to a low level of health services provided to the population in the face of the Corona epidemic.
The study recommended the adoption of geographic information systems and benefiting from their capabilities in the field of planning and development. The study also recommended the establishment of health centers in areas that suffer from a shortage.

Al-Hira is one of the few Arab cities that formed before Islam. It is special due to its diversity and its important interconnected location between civilization and Bedouin. It is fundamental to perform detailed historical research of any city we wish to plan. Therefore, it is necessary to study Al-Hira in order to study Najaf. This study aims to shed light on the city plans of Al-Hira and explore the effects and connections between Al-Hira, Najaf and Kufa. The study hypothesizes that there are common points that are important which affect how Najaf should be presented and planned as an international city. It is a city that has and should remain a cosmopolitan cultural centre which promotes diversity, knowledge and culture.
This study presents Al-Hira from various standpoints: cultural, social, military, civilizational and architectural. Through this study common points are discussed which are important to consider when presenting and promoting the city of Najaf today

The research deals with the importance of this stage afer Ronald Reagan went a long way in political transformations at a time when the United States was experiencing external pressures represented by the spread of communism that threatened American society. There was no force to stand against the communist tide that swept the country. Since the republican party was weak in the face of communism in the country, so he turned away from the Democratic Party and adopted the conservative principles on which the Republican Party is based. He turned to the Republican Party. The official spokesperson for Republican candidates such as Richard Nixon and Barry Goldwater, where the Republican Party adopted Ronald Reagan, took conservative leaders as his support and nomination as a representative of The Republican Party in the 1980 elections, and by providing it with money and attracting voters in favor of their candidate. Ronald Reagan was able to win the 1966 elections against the Democratic candidate in California.
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