Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

1

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHAPE EFFECT BEHAVIOR OF NITINOL WIRE

Samir Ali Amin, Ali Yasser Hassan

Pages: 1-11 English

Abstract

The aim of this research, returned NiTinol wire to original length by activation. The experimental test and ANSYS v15 software were conducted to study the shape memory effect behavior for NiTinol wire has high temperature about 80°C±10°C. Full annealing of NiTinol wire was employed with a straight shape, this alloy it consists of (Ni-55%, H-0.001%, 0-0.05%, N-0.001%, C-0.05% and Ti-Balance). In this research, a NiTinol wire was implemented (2 mm diameter) and (100 mm length). The experimental results and ANSYS software were almost near. Shape memory effect data constants used in ANSYS software were extracted from the experimental test by applying linear interpolation. These data were hardening parameter (C1) about 900 MPa and elastic limit (C3) about 30 MPa. These data were temperature scaling parameter C4=0.89, maximum transformation strain C5=0.074%, martensite modulus C6=20000 MPa and dependency parameter C7=0. The amount of strain (7 %) applied in this test returned to zero after activation NiTinol wire, and that gives an indication that the permanent deformation is decline. The start austenite temperature (As) was about 58°C and finish austenite temperature (Af) was about 70°C . ANSYS software provided good results when compared with the experimental work.

Keywords

Shape memory effect NiTinol wire Tensile te

Keywords

Shape memory effect NiTinol wire Tensile te

2

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ASSESSMENTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE COLUMNS OVER IRAQ USING ECMWF DATASET

Ahmed Fattah Hassoon, Firas Sabeeh Basheer, Thaer Obaid Roomi

Pages: 12-21 English

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Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) is the poisonous gas of a potential health hazard. Since the continuous measurements of this unsafe gas are not available in Iraq, this research is an attempt to study the distribution of columns gas over Iraq. The data which used in this study is Total Column of Carbon Monoxide (TCCO) in unit kilogram per square meter from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Data are representative of all Iraqi areas and the surrounding regions. The study area consists of 961 grid points. MATLAB program was used to calculate and plot spatial analysis data. The analyzed data of the southern and the middle parts of Iraq (Baghdad and Basra) were in consistence with the general seasonal cycle of TCCO in the Northern Hemisphere. They exhibit a significant enhancement in winter and spring and small values of TCCO in summer. The typical seasonal TCCO variations over the Rutba station are less noticeable, where there is an obvious decrease in TCCO in all seasons. This remarkable feature suggests that the Mosul and Rutba stations may be blanketed by regional pollution, while Basra area (South Baghdad and Iraq region) may be influenced by TCCO plumes transported either vertically or horizontally, which can be considered industry region or from biomass burning.

Keywords

Total Carbon Monoxide Columns TCCO ECMWF Dat

Keywords

Total Carbon Monoxide Columns TCCO ECMWF Dat

3

EFFECT OF TYPE AND POSITION OF CONSTRUCTION JOINT ON BEHAVIOR AND CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ON

Ra\'id Fadhil Abbas, Wisam Hulail Sultan

Pages: 22-41 English

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Abstract

This work involves experimental study for the effect of construction joint on behavior of R.C. one way slabs. Eight slabs of 1000×450×70 mm were tested. One of them is cast monolithically while the other seven were cast by two stages with presence of construction joints. Different types of joints were considered (vertical, inclined and key) with different forms and locations for these types. The results indicated that these joints have different effects on cracking and ultimate capacities and on load deflection response. Transversal
inclined joint has the largest effect on ultimate capacity (reduction is 24.6 %), while long key joint has smallest effect (reduction is 1.8 %). The slab involved inclined in plane joint has the closest load deflection response to the reference slab response and has few and narrow final cracks. Slabs of vertical middle and transversal inclined joints have stiff behavior in earlier loading stages but becomes more soft in advanced stages. Side joint caused sudden shear failure on contrast for the other slabs failed by flexure. Inclined in
plane joint, key in plane joint and long key in plane joint are the best types of construction joints due to their smallest effects on slabs behavior.

Keywords

slab one way concrete construction joint

Keywords

slab one way concrete construction joint

4

EFFECT OF OPERATION CONDITIONS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AA7020-T53 ALLOY WELDED BY FRICTION STIR

Isam Tareq Abdullah, Zaman Khalil Ibrahim

Pages: 42-55 English

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Abstract

Friction stir welding -FSW- is a new process of joining AA7020- T53 aluminum alloy sheet. There are few parameters which effects of FSW such as spindle speed, feed rate, tool design and tool tilt angle. In this search, the effect of tool rotational speed (spindle speed) and travel speed (feed rate) on mechanical properties are discussed. The FSW technique was performed using three different of rotational speeds and three different traverse speeds, while other parameters are kept constant to compare between joints. It was found that the best mechanical properties can be obtained from using high spindle speed and high feed rate. The ultimate tensile strength increases approximately 25% while the yield stress and elongation increases approximately 19% and 57% respectively, when used spindle speed (900r.p.m) and feed rate (50 mm/min).

Keywords

Friction Stir Welding Aluminum alloy 7020 M

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Friction Stir Welding Aluminum alloy 7020 M

5

THE EFFECT OF BALLS SHAPES AND SPACING ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUBBLED SLABS

Amer Mohamed Ibrahim, Murtada Amer Ismael, Humam Abdul Satar Abdul Hussein

Pages: 56-65 English

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Abstract

Reinforced concrete slab with plastic voids (Bubbled-Deck system) is a new type of slabs which has two-dimensional arrangement of voids within the slab that is developed to decrease the slab self-weight while maintaining approximately the same load carrying capacity as it compared with the solid slabs. Plastic voided slabs have the ability to reduce the concrete amount by about 30 percent, this reduction is so important in terms of cost saving and enhancement the structural performance. This research presents experimental study to investigate the effect of ball shapes (spherical and elliptical) and spacing between balls in cross section (25 and 70mm) on the strength and behaviour of this kind of slabs. The bubbles were made using recycled plastic balls. The experimental program consists of casting and testing five slabs with dimensions of 1850mm×460mm×110 mm. The experimental results show that the bubbled slabs (containing spherical and elliptical balls) have about 90% to 96% of the ultimate load of the solid slab and an increase in the deflection at ultimate load by 7.8% to 21%, at the same time the first crack load decreases by about 6.7% to 16% as it compared with that of the solid slab. Also the results show that bubbled slabs having spherical balls are more efficient in bearing loads than that having elliptical balls with the same amount of concrete reduction.

Keywords

spherical ball elliptical ball bubbled-deck

Keywords

spherical ball elliptical ball bubbled-deck

6

EFFECT OF MATRIX CHANNEL GEOMETRY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE RECOVERY WHEEL

Maathe Abdulwahed Theeb, Fouad Alawan Saleh, Duaa Jaleel Mohamed

Pages: 66-78 English

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Abstract

In this study, effect of geometry channel of matrix on the performance of the recovery wheel was experimentally and numerically studied. Two channels geometry of matrix (rhombic and sinusoidal) made of aluminum with diameter (60 cm) and length (5, 10, and 15 cm) of wheel were used. A mathematical model for heat transfer between the air and matrix in recovery wheel is derived and solved numerically by using backward difference, fully explicit discretization in time finite difference method. Computer program was built in MATLAB to solve finite difference equations to find the effectiveness of the recovery wheel, and this model is validated with experimental work. The results showed that, the sensible effectiveness for rhombic and sinusoidal channels was increased with increasing wheel speed, also the increase of wheel thickness will increase the sensible effectiveness. When the wheel thickness increased from (5 to 15 cm), the effectiveness will be increase from (74. 39 to 81.48 %) for rhombic, and (79.16 to 85.89 %) for sinusoidal channel at speed (25 rpm). The sensible effectiveness for the sinusoidal channel is higher than the rhombic channel at any wheel speed and wheel thickness increase.

Keywords

numerical simulation recovery wheel sensibl

Keywords

numerical simulation recovery wheel sensibl

7

EFFECT OF BURNING CYCLES ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY

Safa Hussain Abid Awn, Waad Abdul Sattar Hussain, Hassan Obaid Abbas

Pages: 79-92 English

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Abstract

Natural soil is exposed, like other elements of the construction, to significant changes in temperatures are sources of forest fires or volcanic eruptions or natural bulky. Usually, accompanied by significant changes in temperatures of up to more than 300 degrees centigrade. Therefore, the need arises to study the effect of burning clayey soils, on the grain distribution and distribution of particleboard intricacies and atterbering limit and soil classification, in addition to the direct impact on the variables for the design of foundations such as the cohesion of the soil. The soil used was naturally clayey soil brought from Diyala province with (Liquid limit=56%, Plastic limit=51%, Specific gravity=2.59, the soil is classified as OH (Organic clays of medium to high plasticity). The soil was burned at different temperatures (75- 150- 300- 600°C) using special oven for burning at high temperature, the study was directed to investigate the effect of repeat arson for each grade and study changes in soil properties and distribution particleboard and suitability of the construction. The study showed basic change in the particle distribution and Atterbering limits which means changing the engineering properties for the design of foundations construction which indicates the importance of this types of research and potential development to expand in this area and develop ways to put construction solutions for such cases. A reduction percent in plastic limit was 20% and 26% at the end of the fourth cycle at 300oC and 150oC, respectively.

Keywords

Atterberg limits grain size distribution cl

Keywords

Atterberg limits grain size distribution cl

8

PROTECTION OF MULTI INPUT MULTI OUTPUT MOBILE COMMUNICATION AGAINST MANMADE JAMMING AND INTERFERENCE

Jamal Mohammed Rasool, Noor Jamal Jihad

Pages: 93-99 English

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Abstract

Recently, the use of mobile communications has become very popular but a huge problem of manmade and other kinds of interferences have been appeared and there are specific manners which many people used against this kind of communication although CDMA techniques has a good protection of these kinds of noise which don't mention it in this paper .Multiple Inputs Multiple outputs (MIMO) techniques has high capacity, increased diversity, and interference suppression. In this paper the model of receiver with MIMO techniques has introduced by using MATLAB 2014b to show the scan of the beam of antenna and measure the received power to get the best situation to make the call by suppression the signal from the direction which is many more the specific threshold.

Keywords

mobile communication manmade jamming interf

Keywords

mobile communication manmade jamming interf

9

MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A FOUR-LEG INVERTER USING SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE

Isam Mahmood Abdulbaqi, Ali Husain Ahmed, Riyadh Ghanim Omar, Abdullah Sahib Abdulsada

Pages: 100-119 English

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Abstract

The bad effect of zero sequence current in unbalanced load when connected to three-leg inverter is the main challenge leading to add fourth leg and using three dimensional space vector pulse width modulation (3-D) SVPWM technique to handle this problem. The paper presents an analysis and study of this technique, depending on the average large signal model. This technique simulated by using Matlab/Simulink and the results shows good performance with low THD for different operating conditions.

Keywords

Three-dimensional space vector modulation (3-

Keywords

Three-dimensional space vector modulation (3-

10

EFFECT OF CEMENT, LIMESTONE AND HYDRATED LIME ON SETTING TIME AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF LOCAL GYPS

Sana Taha Abdul-Hussain

Pages: 120-132 English

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Abstract

This paper consists of studying the effect of adding different ratios of cement, limestone powder and hydrated lime on setting time and compressive strength of gypsum which available in local market which does not conform to Iraqi Standard Specification (I.Q.S) No.28/1988. The adding materials are low-cost and available in local market and can be used to improve setting time and compressive strength for gypsum which are considered as the most important properties if it used as mortar or in finishing. The adding ratios of cement were (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) % from gypsum weight, the ratio of (50%) was the best ratio as regarded to setting time and compressive strength. They are (10.33 minutes) and (8.04 N/mm2 ) respectively. For the limestone powder addition, the ratios were (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60) % from gypsum weight. The results showed that, the ratio of (10%) was the best in compressive strength (6.2 N/mm2 ) and ratio of (60%) was the best in setting time. At adding hydrated lime, the ratio of addition (2.5%) gave compressive strength (7.51 N/mm2) and the ratio of (12.5%) gave setting time (14.15 min).

Keywords

gypsum compressive strength setting time c

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gypsum compressive strength setting time c

11

HOSPITAL PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

Abbas Saleh Hassan, Raoof Talal Hussein

Pages: 132-140 English

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Abstract

While a large number of aged people are subject to heart disease, the need to a monitoring system that early detect the disease is increased. In this work physiological parameters, such as pulse rate, Temperature of human are measure through the proposed system. This system designed using Arduino, heart rate sensor, temperature sensor, and LCD.

Keywords

Arduino LCD Temperature sensor Heart rate

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Arduino LCD Temperature sensor Heart rate

12

V/f SPEED CONTROL OF FIVE-PHASE PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FED BY INDIRECT MATRIX CONVERTER

Turki Khawish Hassan, Zainab Mahmood Abed

Pages: 141-165 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This paper presents the V/f method to control the speed of five phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) is used to supply the five-phase PMSM from three-phase AC voltages source. The carrier-based PWM (CBPWM) based on space vector modulation analysis is used to control the IMC with a fixed slope carrier signal, it is used to provide a sinusoidal output current by neglecting the d3-q3 currents. Five-phase PMSM is used due to its advantages over traditional three-phase PMSM. The simulation is executed using MATLAB/Simulink environment, different cases are applied by change the load and speed of the motor to study the performance of the system.

Keywords

Indirect Matrix Converter Space Vector PWM

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Indirect Matrix Converter Space Vector PWM

13

A MODIFIED FORMULA TO PREDICT THE ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CORBELS

Jassim Muhsin Aliewi

Pages: 165-184 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Various methods are used in designing reinforced concrete corbels. The aim of the present research is to provide a modified formula to predict the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete corbels using nonlinear regression analysis of experimental data available in the literature (245) specimen which include the variables that affect the ultimate shear strength. According to this research the proposed equation gives a good agreement with experimental data when compared with the existing equations and it is more accurate, safe and economic.

Keywords

corbel reinforced concrete shear ultimate

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corbel reinforced concrete shear ultimate

14

IMPROVING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT FOAMED CONCRETE USING SILICA FUME ANDFIBERS

Suhad Mohammed Abd, Dhamyaa Ghalib Jassam

Pages: 184-199 English

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Abstract

Lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) is characterized as a light in self-weight, selfcompacting (no need vibration), self-leveling, and thermal and sound isolation. The application of (LWFC) in the building construction is limited because of its the low strength and the low ductility. In this study the workability of the fresh mix of (LWFC), the hardened properties include, compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated. This study focuses mainly on the effect of the adding of silica fume and fibers on the mechanical properties of (LWFC). Silica fume was added as 5% and 10% by the weight of cement. Steel fiber and polypropylene fiber volume fraction were of (0.2%, 0.4%), While the hybrid fibers (steel+ polypropylene) volume fraction was (0.2% steel+0.2%PP), and (0.4%steel+0.2%PP) of the total mix volume. The results of the program test show that the increase of silica fume improves the mechanical properties of (LWFC) significantly. The adding of fibers to the (LWFC) reduces the flowability and improves the mechanical properties. The hybrid fibers mix (0.4% steel+0.2% PP) presented the best test result of the mechanical properties as (10%,21%,53%, 24.4%) for the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile splitting strength, and modulus of elasticity, respectively.

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Lightweight Foamed Concrete Silica fume St

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Lightweight Foamed Concrete Silica fume St

15

تشكيل العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية تصميم استراحة أماكن العمل-حالة دراسية

أمجد محمد حسن علي, أنوار صبحي رمضان

English

Full Text Issues

Keywords

العمارة الداخلية التصميم الايكولوجي استراحة

Abstract

يمثل التوجه البيئي بشكل عام، وتوجهات الاستدامة والايكولوجيا بشكل خاص، اهم التوجهات المعاصرة في العمارة الداخلية لتزايد الاهتمام بقضايا التغير المناخي والسعي للتغيير في تصميم العمارة عموما والعمارة الداخلية على وجه الخصوص وبما يرتبط وهذه القضايا، في ضوء ذلك يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية والذي تميز بمدى واسع ومتشعب من الجوانب المتعددة نظريا وعمليا على الصعيد العالمي والعربي وحتى المحلي. اذ اهتمت الدراسات والطروحات المهنية السابقة، بجلب العمارة الداخلية الى الحياة او جلب الحياة الى العمارة الداخلية ومن خلال عدة جوانب، مع ملاحظة ان اغلبية الدراسات والطروحات العالمية والبعض من العربية قد اشرت بوضوح ارتباط هذه الجوانب بمفهوم العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية، في حين اشارت الدراسات المحلية اليه بشكل ضمني، ليتم تحديد مشكلة البحث بعدم وجود شمولية نظرية مسبقة لتشكيل العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية واهم الجوانب المرتبطة بتحقيقها، بصورة عامة، وعلى الصعيد العربي والمحلي على وجه الخصوص، وجاء هدف البحث بطرح تلك المعرفة وتحديد اهم الجوانب المرتبطة بتشكيل العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية والمساعدة في تحقيقه وبما يوفر قاعدة معلوماتية لمصمم العمارة الداخلية، عموما، والمصمم العربي والمحلي، خصوصا. وقد أستوجب تحقيق هذا الهدف اعتماد المنهج التحليلي الوصفي للدراسات والطروحات المهنية السابقة المرتبطة بالموضوع وعلى وفق خطوات متسلسلة تبدأ اولا، ببناء إطار نظري من خلال تحديد التعريف النظري وبلورة المفردات الرئيسية مع فقراتها الفرعية، ليتم في ثانيا تطبيق الإطار النظري على نماذج منتخبة من تصاميم استراحة اماكن العمل العالمية والعربية، اذ افترض البحث بان تحقيق العمارة الداخلية الايكولوجية الحية لتلك النماذج يقوم على اساس اعتماد مجموعة من المكونات المتنوعة وبخصائص تشكيلية على وفق تصميم

Keywords

العمارة الداخلية التصميم الايكولوجي استراحة

Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

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