Al-Muhaqqiq Journal

Bridging the gap between Islamic sects is one of the fundamental components of a reform project that seeks cultural renewal, adherence to the higher interests and general objectives of Sharia, and the Islamic nation. One of the ways that can be taken is the comparative approach in the research, as it identifies the sources of difference and participation and simultaneously reveals the Islamic intellectual consensus and common principles. The aim of comparative jurisprudence is to differentiate between the opinions of jurists by presenting their best examples and evidence. The importance of this process in bridging different perspectives is evident in relation to determining legal rulings, as reducing discrepancies in evidence and principles necessitates narrowing the scope of discrepancies in legal rulings. Al-Alama al-Hilli (d. 726 AH) is considered one of the pioneers in this field of knowledge; for his efforts in the field of debate, letters and discipleship. The present research is divided into two sections and a conclusion.

The knowledge of jurisprudence has gained great significance due to its role in attaining the pleasure of God, leading its possessor to worldly and afterlife happiness. To achieve this, it is necessary for the obligated people to comprehend their obligations to uphold the law and the principles governing social justice in Islamic society. A group of scholars emerged; among them was al-Allama al-Hilli, particularly within the al-Hillah school of jurisprudence. He excelled in all the sciences prevalent during his era as a jurist, theologian, orator, and literary figure. In fact, we can say that he was an encyclopedia from which students of knowledge drew. One of the rules that Al-Hilli worked with was the rule of the lottery."
The research focused on two aspects: the first discussed the concept of the lottery, its legitimacy, the Islamic perspective on it, and whether it was purely an Islamic theory or a result of human contemplation. Then, we concluded the research on the topic of lottery with a focus on al-Allama al-Hilli’s opinion on whether it is permissible to use lottery in Shia jurisprudence or not. And where it was beneficial to employ the lottery and identify the challenges that were addressed through its application.

The old scholars used to rely on Hadiths, either due to their popularity or believing that Hadiths often align with rational and customary evidences, like al-Sayyid al-Murtadha, or as a form of religion giving a duty which must be done, like al-Sheikh al-Tusi, where criticism according to them was presenting Hadith to these evidences, and the method of chain-based criticism (sanad) did not exist this concept at that time.
We can refer to the method of the ancient Imami scholars for authenticating Hadith as the "system of evidences," which relies on the approved evidences for the issuance of Hadith from the Imams (peace be upon them). This involves the presence of Hadith in the books of known and reliable narrators. However, as time passed between the later Imami scholars and their earlier, some of the approved al-Asul books were studied, and the Hadiths taken from the approved al-Asul were confused with those taken from the non-approved ones. There was also confusion between frequently repeated them in al-Asul books and those that were not frequent.

In this study, the researcher tried to look at some aspects of the latecomers' criticisms of the views of Al-Alama Al-Hilli in the field of Al'usul science, Hadith science, andNarrative research. The author has tried to evaluate these observations. He concludes that the opinions of Al-Alama in the field of Science of Narrators have been criticized by the latecomers more than his opinions in other fields, as a section of these observations by narrators seems correct. For their observations on al-‘Allama in Al'usul research, they sometimes indicate the difference in principles between al-‘Allama and those who criticized him, and every scholar has his own ijtihad, and resolving the dispute over these principles is another field.

Ibn Dawood quoted some of the words of al-Allama al-Hilli from the book "Khulasat al-Aqwal" in his work "Rijal," and he raised objec-tions to certain statements. Since both of them are prominent figures within the sect and their books are among our sources of narrators, it was necessary to understand these objections. Thus, this research was conducted.

Al-Allama al-Hilli contributed the Imami library with four books he authored in the field of al-Asul science.
In these works, al-Allama al-Hilli tackled the majority of issues in the field of al-Asul science that play a role in the process of juridical deduction. This encompasses matters related to rational evidence, where he thoroughly examined these issues, including what is known as "independent rational principles" and "non-independent rational principles." Given the abundance of rational issues within the second section, the research will focus on studying them in the context of what he presented in his al-Asuli writings.
The research is structured into three main sections and concludes with a final section. In the first section, the researcher provided a definition of mental evidence and highlighted that its issues are categorized into two parts: independent rational principles and non-independent rational principles. Moving on to the second section, I detailed the non-independent rational issues for which their authority was confirmed by Scholar Al-Hilli. In the third section, I presented non-independent rational issues that did not have their authority confirmed by him. Lastly, the conclusion outlines the most significant results that have been achieved.

Al-Alama al-Hilli, al-Hasan bin Yousuf bin al-Mutahhar (d. 726 AH), was keen on educating and preparing a generation of jurists and scholars, with the support of Sultan Khidabanda, hence, the locomotive school project emanates that was from the Karabasi tents and in fact, it is an iconic idea that there is a locomotive school that accompanies the sultan in his journey and where he is settled. Also, it is wonderful that the Sultan provided what al-Alama needs to his locomotive school needed. Al-Alama took care by providing professors as teachers and the necessary supplies for the students. The development of the school was evident when stable buildings were constructed for it.
The research shed light on an important issue that lies in the fact that this school, whose dean was al-Alama, managed it with tangible effort and success. At the same time, his giving was continued and did not cease to operate successfully as a scholar and a teacher. He authored books, taught students, and granted academic degrees, with emphasis on the diversity of sciences studied, although religious sciences had the largest share.

This research aims to highlight the interest of Bahraini scholars over the past centuries in the works of al-Allama al-Hilli and the extent of his connection to the Bahranian school in terms of his apprenticeship to some of its scholars and his scholarly status among the scholars of this school.
The objective of this research is to create a brief bibliography that illustrates the interest of Bahranian scholars towards the prominent scholars of al-Hilla school in the 8th Hijri century. This bibliography serves as a starting point for researchers in this field.
This research was combined by extrapolating and tracking a varie-ty of sources, resulting in scientific material that serves as evidence of the influence of al-Allama al-Hilli on the Bahranian school. It demonstrates the extent of the interest of scholars from this school in the intellectual, theological, and juridical contributions of al-Allama al-Hilli. Through this material, it is hoped to contribute to laying a foundational corner-stone for broader research endeavors by fellow researchers.

Al-Alama al-Hilli has a great role in the prosperity of the scientific movement in the Islamic world. It is unimaginable that anyone studying Islamic sciences would not come across his writings and classifications, delving into his theories on jurisprudence, theology, narrators, and more. Many of his manuscripts have reached, yet there remains an unattended portion, much like the rest of our scholars' scientific heritage, that has been lost due to the oppression of unjust rulers and the cruelty of oppressors.
This research highlights one of the lost heritage of al-Alama, namely the book «Kashf al-Maqal fi Ma'rifat al-Rijal». We have attributed this work to him based on his references to it in his other narrative and jurisprudential works, in addition to his explicit declaration of its authorship in the introduction of «Khulasat al-Aqwal».

Al-Allama Al-Hilli is considered one of the prominent figures who contributed to the field of “the science of narrators”. He left behind two books in this do-main. One of them is “Khulasat al-Aqwal fi Ma\'rifat Ahwal al-Rijal”, which has been reproduced in numerous copies since its inception. However, most of these copies date back to after the 8th century, except for two copies:
1. A copy of al-Allama Sayyid Hasan Sadr in Kadhimiya’s library, Baghdad. This copy is in the handwriting of al-Allama Al-Hilli himself and contains only the first part.
2. A copy of Jihadi University (Jahad Daneshgahi) library in Shiraz, tran-scribed by al-Hafidh al-Tabari. This copy contains only the second part.
In this article, we are dealing with the definition of an ancient manuscript at-tributed to him (al-Allama al-Hilli), dating back to the 8th century. This manu-script is preserved in the National Library in Tehran. It has the handwriting of \"Fakhr al-Muhqqiqeen\", which is dated 745 AH. The complete copy includes both parts. However, regrettably, the late indexing Dr. Abdullah Anwar cataloged it under the title of a manuscript from the 11th century.